Emasontweni adlule, ucwaningo lwe Amadwala akhona ku-Mars aphinde adonsa ukunaka abavela emhlabeni wesayensi kanye nabathandi bokuhlola indawo. Ngenxa yentuthuko yobuchwepheshe bezimoto zamarobhothi ze-NASA, ikakhulukazi i-Perseverance rover, kuphakama imibuzo emisha mayelana nokwakheka, ukubunjwa, kanye nemvelaphi yezinhlobo ezahlukene zamatshe eplanethini ebomvu. Lokhu okutholakele, kude nokunikeza izimpendulo eziqondile, kuvula umnyango wemibono emisha mayelana nezinqubo ze-geological kanye nomlando we-Martian.
I-Perseverance mission, esebenza endaweni ye-Martian kusukela ngo-2021, inomgomo wayo oyinhloko. hlola isikhathi esidlule se-Mars ngokuhlaziya amatshe ayo kanye nenhlabathiImiphumela etholakele ibonisa ukuthi, naphezu kweminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha yocwaningo emhlabeni, ukucwaninga okuningiliziwe kwamadwala kusalokhu kubalulekile ekucaciseni ubukhona bamanzi kanye nokwenzeka kokuphila ezikhathini zasendulo.
Ukutholwa kokwakheka kwedwala eliyingqayizivele e-Jezero Crater
Okunye okutholwe kwakamuva nokuhlaba umxhwele kube ukutholwa kwe-a ukwakheka kwamadwala anezinkulungwane zeziyingi ezincane ezinamathele endaweni yawo, esendaweni eyehlelayo ye-Witch Hazel Hill, ngaphakathi kwe-Jezero crater. Iqanjwe ngokuthi I-St. Paul's Bay yiqembu lePerseverance rover, leli dwala Igqama ngokuthungwa kwayo okugcwele amabhola amancane angamamilimitha ambalwa nje, ezinye zazo zimise okweqanda noma ezihlukene, futhi zinezimbobo ezincane.
Lokhu kubukeka okungajwayelekile kubamangaze ososayensi bemishini, njengoba kungekho ukwakheka okufanayo okukhona eMhlabeni noma ekuhloleni kwangaphambili kweMartian. Ngokusho kochwepheshe beNASA, iSt. Pauls Bay ingaba a idwala elintantayo, igama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza amadwala ahanjiswe esuka endaweni yawo. Lesi sici senza kube nzima ukuhlaziya isimo sazo sokwakheka komhlaba, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi zisuka endaweni ehluke kakhulu kunendawo ezikuyo manje.
Ukwakheka kanye nemibono mayelana nemvelaphi yazo: amanzi, izintaba-mlilo kanye nama-meteorites
Ithimba labacwaningi liyacabanga izimo ezehlukene mayelana nokuthi lezi zinhlaka zakhiwa kanjaniEnye yemibono eyande kakhulu iphakamisa ukuthi ingaba ama-mineral concretions, umphumela wokugeleza kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngezinto ezinezimbotshana, okuthuthukisa ukunqwabelana kwamaminerali endaweni. Lesi sigameko saqala ukukhonjwa yi-Opportunity rover emashumini amabili eminyaka edlule nge-"Martian blueberries" edumile.
Nokho, ezinye izinqubo azikhishwa ngaphandle: ukupholisa okusheshayo kwe-lava ngemva kokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kwakungase kukhiqize lezi zinhlobo, noma ngisho ukujiya kwedwala elihwamukile ngemva komthelela we-meteoriteInqubo ngayinye ihilela izimo ezehlukene zemvelo futhi inikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuvela komlando we-Mars.
Umehluko phakathi kwedwala lase-St. Pauls Bay kanye nendawo ezungezile, ebonakala ilula futhi inothuli, isekela umbono wokuthi Ukwakheka kusuke kwezinye izingqimba eziphakeme ze-geological, njengamabhande amnyama we-Witch Hazel HillUkuhlaziywa kwalezi zinto zokusebenza, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe be-Perseverance kuphela, kungase kwembule iziqephu zentaba-mlilo noma ukugeleza kwamanzi esikhathini esidlule seplanethi.
Ahlaziywa kanjani la madwala aseMartian
Ukuhlaziya lezi zinto zokwenziwa, ama-Martian rover ahlome ngazo izinsimbi ezinembe kakhulu. Ukubekezela kusebenzisa amathuluzi afana ne Ithuluzi Le-Rock Abrasion, ekwazi ukuhlanza nokubhoboza endaweni yedwala, okuvumela ukuhlolwa kwezingqimba zangaphakathi ezingaguguleka kancane imvelo yangaphandle. Ngemuva kokulimala, amakamelo afana ne- I-Mastcam-Z kanye nenzwa ye-WATSON thola izithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu, kanye ne ISuperCam ikhipha ama-laser pulses ukuze ihlaziye ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kusukela ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo.
Isibonelo sakamuva sale nqubo indaba yedwala Kenmore, into eyacwaningwa yi-rover ngoJuni 2025. Ngesikhathi sokumba, idwala labonisa ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile, ukudlidliza nokuqhekeka ngaphezu kwalokho obekulindelwe. Ukuhlaziywa kwembula ubukhona be amaminerali obumba, acebile ngensimbi ne-magnesium, enamangqamuzana amanzi ahlanganiswe esakhiweni sawo, enikeza ukwaziswa okubalulekile mayelana nezinqubo ze-hydration esikhathini esidlule saseMartian.
Lezi zindlela ezihlelekile zivumela idatha ukuthi iqoqwe ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamadwala kulo lonke elase-Jezero Crater, ukwandisa ulwazi mayelana ne- ukuhlukahluka kwe-geological ye-Mars nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwayo phakathi nezigidi zeminyaka.
Ukuhlonza amatshe anjalo kanye namasu asetshenziswa ukuwafunda buyekeza ukubaluleka kwemishini yamarobhothi ku-Red Planet. Ukutholwa ngakunye kunikeza imikhondo ethuthukisa ukuqonda kwethu imijikelezo yeplanethi yokuma kwezwe neyesimo sezulu, kanye namandla ayo okusekela ukuphila esikhathini esithile emlandweni wayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ntuthuko yenza kube nokwenzeka ukulungiselela izimishini zesikhathi esizayo, zombili zokuqoqa amasampula ukuze ahlaziywe Emhlabeni kanye nokuhlola okungaba khona komuntu. Ulwazi oluqoqiwe mayelana nokuziphatha nokubunjwa kwama-Martian rocks luzoba ukhiye ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe obuphephile nobusebenzayo namasu ezigabeni ezilandelayo zokuhlola iplanethi.
Ngokuhlaziya okusha ngakunye okwenziwa ama-rovers, I-Mars yembula okwengeziwe kancane kwezimfihlo ezifihliwe ngaphansi kwendawo yayo eyomileIzakhiwo ezisanda kutholwa, njenge-St. Pauls Bay ne-Kenmore, zibekela isayensi inselele futhi zigcina ilukuluku lokwazi mayelana nesikhathi esidlule, samanje, nekusasa likamakhelwane wethu weplanethi.
