I-Arctic iyindawo esengozini enkulu yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, futhi ososayensi baya ngokuya bedidwa izimo zayo ezingavamile. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, siye sabona amazinga okushisa kulesi sifunda efinyelela emazingeni aphezulu ngendlela eshaqisayo, okubangela ukuba iqhwa lincibilike ngezinga elingakaze libonwe. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa yi-Washington Post, amazinga okushisa kwezinye izindawo zase-Arctic angakhuphuka ngaphezu kwalokho Ama-50 degrees Celsius ngaphezu kwesilinganiso esivamile.
I-arctic iyancibilika
Isimo sezulu sase-Arctic saziwa ngokushwibeka ngendlela emangalisayo; Nokho, ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kule ndawo kudlulele futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside kangangokuthi kubangela ukwethuka okukhulu kososayensi. Ngokokwaziswa kwamuva nje, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi kwezinye izindawo zase-Arctic, amazinga okushisa ahlala enyangeni ka-January I-11ºC ngaphezu kokujwayelekile, kubhekwa isikhathi esisuka ku-1981 kuya ku-2010. Lesi simo singahlotshaniswa nendlela ukushisa okumangalisayo e-Arctic ithonya isimo sezulu somhlaba jikelele kanye nendlela Iqhwa lase-Arctic nalo liyancibilika ebusika.
Umqondisi weNational Snow and Ice Data Center eBoulder, eColorado, uye wazwakalisa ukukhathazeka kwakhe kulo magazini Emhlabeni, egcizelela ukuthi “ngemva kokufunda i-Arctic nesimo sezulu sayo iminyaka engamashumi amathathu nengxenye, ngiye ngaphetha ngokuthi okwenzekile onyakeni odlule kudlulele ngokwedlulele.”
Yehlisa inani lezinsuku zokuqandisa
Inani lezinsuku ezibandayo e-Arctic lehle kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nanoma yisiphi esinye isikhathi. Isazi sesimo sezulu u-Eric Holthaus wabelane ngezithombe ezibonisa lokhu kwehliswa okukhulu, okubonisa ukuthi amathrendi amanje abonisa inani elinciphayo lezinsuku lapho amanzi eba yiqhwa esifundeni. Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo: ingabe siya endaweni engaziwa? Umphakathi wesayensi, empeleni, ukholelwa kanjalo. Njengamanje, ikhava yeqhwa e-Arctic ingaphezulu mncane kunalokho okufanele kube, okusikisela ukuthi uma lo mkhuba uqhubeka, ngokushesha singabona ukungabikho ngokuphelele kweqhwa phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo eNorth Pole.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe ngabakwa Ucwaningo Lwezemvelo: Isimo Sezulu kuveza ukuthi ukufudumala kwe-Arctic kungase kuhlotshaniswe nokuqubuka okukhulu komoya obandayo e-UK nasezingxenyeni eziseduze zase-Europe, kanye naseNyakatho Melika nase-Asia. Ucwaningo luphetha ngokuthi, ngokuxakayo, naphezu kokufudumala okungavamile e-Arctic, lokhu kuqubuka kungase kuqhubeke futhi kuvame nakakhulu eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-Arctic amplification" kanye ne Ukwemboza kwamafu e-Arctic kungase kubangele umphumela wokushisa.
Amazinga okushisa angavamile ebusika
Ukwenzeka kwamazinga okushisa aphakeme ngokungavamile e-Arctic akusona isenzakalo esingavamile. Muva nje, kubikwe ukuthi iNorth Pole iqophe amazinga okushisa amahle phakathi nobusika. Lo mcimbi umangaze izazi zezulu kanye nezazi zezulu, zigqamisa ubunzima besimo sezulu esibhekene nalesi sifunda. Kusukela emininingwaneni eqoqwe eziteshini ezingaphansi namasathelayithi, kwaphawulwa ukuthi amazinga okushisa e-Arctic ayefinyelela emazingeni afinyelela phezulu Ama-34 degrees Celsius ngaphezu kokujwayelekile.
Enye yezinto ezinomthelela kulesi simo wuhlelo lwesimo sezulu oluxakile oluzinze eNorth Pole, okwenza amazinga okushisa anyuke futhi asheshise ukuqala kwenkathi yokuncibilika. Lokhu okudidayo kuvezwe kukho qopha amazinga okushisa, okuholela ochwepheshe ekuchazeni njengohlanya lwesimo sezulu olugcizelela umthelela omubi wokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu futhi kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuqonda ukuthi kanjani ukuncibilika kwe-Arctic kuthinta yonke iplanethi, kanye neqiniso lokuthi .
Izimbangela zokufudumala kwe-Arctic
Izimbangela zokusheshisa ukushisa e-Arctic ziningi futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi. Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ukulahlekelwa iqhwa lolwandle, eyehle kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Leli qhwa, elalisebenza njengesibonisi esingokwemvelo sokukhanya kwelanga, lithathelwa indawo amanzi, abamba ukushisa okwengeziwe, okwenza iluphu yempendulo eqinisa ukufudumala.
Imisebenzi yabantu nayo idlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo. Ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kanye nokunukubezeka komoya kube nomthelela ekwandeni amazinga okushisa esifundeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa elikhuphukayo lamanzi liye lavumela imisinga yolwandle efudumele ukuba iye enyakatho, ilethe ukufudumala ezindaweni ezibandayo ngokwesiko.
Ngisho nasezindaweni lapho iqhwa liye lancibilika khona, njengaseGreenland, kuye kwavela indlela eshaqisayo: inkathi yokuncibilika isiqalile. ngaphambi kwalokho obekulindelwe, ukwandisa indawo echayeke ekushiseni futhi kusheshise inqubo yokuncibilika. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka kukho kokubili izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nenani labantu elincike kulezi zimiso zemvelo. Kungase kube usizo ukuhlola ukuthi lesi simo sizithinta kanjani ezinye izifunda, njengoba kushiwo ku ubudlelwano phakathi kokuncibilika kwe-Arctic neSpain kanye nomthelela wayo esimweni sezulu somhlaba.
Imiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-Arctic nayo yonke iplanethi kuye kwaba sobala kakhulu. Okwenzeka e-Arctic has a umthelela womhlaba, ezithinta isimo sezulu eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika nakwezinye izifunda zomhlaba. Izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, ezinjengokushisa okubandayo eningizimu, ziye zahlotshaniswa nendlela yokufudumala ye-Arctic. Lobu budlelwano bugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuqhubeka nokuqapha lesi sifunda kanye nesidingo sezinyathelo eziphuthumayo zokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ngokuqondene nezilwane zasendle, ukuncibilika kweqhwa olwandle kubangela izingozi ezinkulu ezilwaneni ezincike kule ndawo, njenge amabhere polar nezinyoni zasolwandle. Ukufuduka kanye nemikhuba yokudla yalezi zilwane ziyashintshwa, okungaholela ekushabalaleni kwezinye zazo uma zingathathwa izinyathelo zokuvikela izindawo ezihlala kuzo.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-Arctic icishe yafudumala ngokushesha izikhathi ezine kunesilinganiso somhlaba wonke kusukela ngo-1979. Lokhu kukhuphuka kokufudumala akuthinti amazinga okushisa endawo kuphela, kodwa kunomthelela nezimo zesimo sezulu ezindaweni ezikude. Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye nokulahlekelwa yiqhwa olwandle kunomthelela ekwandeni kokungaqini komkhathi, okungabangela izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu ebusika nasehlobo. I I-Arctic Ocean acidification okunye ukukhathazeka okuvela ezimweni zamanje.
Imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu e-Arctic mikhulu futhi iyinkimbinkimbi. Kusukela kumthelela wokuhlukahluka kwemvelo kuya ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke, kusobala ukuthi ikusasa le-Arctic, futhi ngenxa yalokho iplanethi, isengozini. Uma kucatshangelwa lezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukuba kuthathwe izinyathelo zokunqanda ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke futhi kuvikelwe le ndawo entekenteke yeplanethi.
