Siyini isigodi futhi sakhiwe kanjani?

yini isigodi

Isigodi sichazwa njengokucindezeleka okutholakala endaweni engaphezulu komhlaba, ngokuvamile etholakala phakathi kwezindawo eziphakeme njengezintaba noma amagquma. Izinqubo eziholela ekubunjweni kwayo ziyi-geological ngokwemvelo futhi zenzeka isikhathi eside. Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi siyini isigodi nokuthi sakhiwe kanjani.

Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele siyini isigodi, sakhiwe kanjani futhi yiziphi izici zayo.

Yini isigodi

isigodi se-otal

Isigodi sichazwa njengokwakheka komhlaba okumakwe ukudangala noma umcengezi otholakala phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili eziphakeme, ezingase zihlanganise izintaba noma amagquma. Izigodi zivame ukuwela imifudlana yamanzi, njengemifula noma imifudlana, okungenzeka kube nomthelela omkhulu ekwakhiweni kwesigodi ngezinqubo zokuguguleka.

Izigodi zomfula, ezibonakala ngamaphrofayili amise okwe-V noma u-U, Akhiwa ngokuguguleka kwemfucumfucu okuqhutshwa imifula. Ezifundeni ezithintekayo ngenxa yeqhwa, ukunyakaza kweqhwa kudweba izigodi ezimise okwe-U, kuyilapho umsebenzi we-tectonic ungaholela ekwakhiweni kwezigodi ze-tectonic. Izinhlobonhlobo zezigodi zihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zezimo nezimfanelo, ezibonisa izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-geological kanye nesimo sezulu ezibe nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwazo. Ukwengeza, izigodi zivame ukusebenza njengendawo yokuhlala yabantu ngenxa yokutholakala kwenhlabathi evundile namanzi, okunomthelela omkhulu emlandweni nasekuguqukeni kwezindawo zokuhlala.

Izigodi zinezinhlobonhlobo zomumo, okuthi Zisukela ekwakhekeni okujulile okumise okwe-V kuye ezakhiweni ezibanzi ezimise okuka-U, evame ukuhlotshaniswa nomsebenzi weqhwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezigodi zohlobo lwe-canyon ezibonakala ngamaphrofayili azo amancane futhi ajulile, avela ezinqubweni zokuguguleka kwe-fluvial noma ukunyakaza kwe-tectonic.

Esikhundleni salokho, izigodi eziningi zihlukaniswa nenhlabathi yazo evundile, ephuma emanzini atholakala emanzini ahlala ehlala kulezi zindawo eziphansi, okwenza kube nenhlabathi evumelana nemikhuba yezolimo. Ngenxa yalokho, izigodi ezithile zivela njengezindawo ezikahle zokuhlala kwabantu kanye nokusungulwa kwezindawo zokuhlala. Kuwo wonke umlando, amadolobha amaningi namadolobhana aye avela phakathi kwalezi zigodi.

Indlela isigodi esakhiwe ngayo

isigodi se-roncal

Ukwakheka kwesigodi kwenzeka ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwezinqubo eziningi ze-geological kanye namandla agugulekayo esikhathini eside. Izinqubo ezibalulekile ezifaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwesigodi zihlanganisa:

  • ukunyakaza kwe-tectonic: okuhlanganisa ukuphakanyiswa kwentaba nokuthuthukiswa kwamaphutha, kunamandla okukhiqiza izigodi. Umsebenzi ongaphakathi koqweqwe lomhlaba unesibopho sokwakheka kwezigodi ze-tectonic.
  • Ukuguguleka komfula: ibhekisela enqubweni eyisisekelo imifula esebenzisa amandla ayo okuguguleka, okunomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezigodi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukugeleza kwamanzi kancane kancane kuyaguga futhi kuthuthe inzika, okuholela ekwakhekeni kokudangala endaweni yoMhlaba.
  • Ukuguguleka kwe-glacial: Ezindaweni ezihlala izinguzunga zeqhwa, izigodi ezimise okwe-U zingakheka ngenqubo yokuguguleka kweqhwa. Njengoba izinguzunga zeqhwa zithuthuka futhi zihlehla, zithwala amatshe nezinye izinto, okuphumela ekwakhekeni kwezigodi ezinoqhwa.
  • Ukuguguleka komoya: Lokhu kuguguleka kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kwezigodi ezifundeni ezinemimoya ephikelelayo nenamandla. Le nqubo ihilela ukuthuthwa kwezinhlayiya zenhlabathi ngomoya, okuthi kamuva ziwabeke, okudale ukwakheka okuhlukile kokuma komhlaba.

Izigaba zesigodi

isigodi sobo

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezigodi, ezihlukaniswa ngokuvumelana nezici zazo ze-geological, imvelaphi kanye nezinqubo ezakha. Izigaba ezivelele zesigodi zihlanganisa:

  • Izigodi zemifula Akhiwa ngokuguguleka komhlabathi kanye nezinqubo zokudiliva okubangelwa imifula nemifudlana. Lezi zigodi ngokuvamile zimise okwe-V noma u-U, kuye ngesimo sokuguguleka komhlabathi, futhi zingase zihlanganise nezikhukhula.
  • Izigodi zeqhwa Akhiwa ngokuhamba kwezinguzunga zeqhwa. Lezi zigodi, ezivame ukumise okwe-U, zivame ukuba nezici ezinjenge-moraines namachibi anoqhwa.
  • Izigodi ze-tectonic Ziwumphumela wokunyakaza phakathi koqweqwe lomhlaba. Lezi zigodi zingavela ekuphakameni noma ekuncipheni koqweqwe futhi zivame ukuxhunyaniswa namaphutha okwakheka komhlaba.
  • Izigodi ezingaphansi kwamanzi Zakhiwe ngaphansi kolwandle futhi zingahlanganisa izici ezinjengemihosha engaphansi kwamanzi kanye nemisele yolwandle.
  • Izigodi ze-alluvial Akhiwa kusukela ekuqoqweni kwezinsalela ze-alluvial. Ngokuvamile zinendawo ebanzi, eyisicaba ngenxa yokumiswa kwenhlabathi.

Umehluko phakathi kwesigodi nokudangala

Nakuba amagama athi valley and depression evamise ukusetshenziswa ukukhomba izindawo eziphakeme eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo ezizungezile, kunomehluko ophawulekayo emithelela yazo kanye nezinqubo ezakheka ngazo.

Isigodi sichazwa njengokwakheka kwezwe okunengcindezi noma umcengezi ovame ukutholakala phakathi kwamagquma amabili, njengezintaba. Nakuba ukucindezeleka kubonisa indawo ephansi ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezizungezile, ngokwemvelo akuyona eyezintaba.

Izigodi zivela ochungechungeni lwezinqubo ze-geological, okuhlanganisa ukuguguleka kwemifula, ukuguguleka kweqhwa, ukuguguleka komoya, ukuguguleka kwe-tectonic kanye nomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukucindezeleka kungakheka ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene, njengokuncipha kwenhlabathi, izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokuguguleka, umsebenzi we-tectonic noma ukunqwabelana kwezinsalela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigodi eziningi zixhumene nemithombo yamanzi, njengemifula noma imifudlana, enomthelela omkhulu ekwakhekeni kwazo. Nokho, akuwona wonke ama-depressions aqukethe umfudlana wamanzi ohlobene. Ezinye zingase zibe khona njengezindawo eziphansi ezingenakho ukugeleza kwamanzi okubonakalayo.

Izinhlobo zezigodi

Ake sihlole ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezigodi ezaziwa kakhulu:

Izigodi ezincane

Izigodi eziwumngcingo, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izigodi zomfantu, zingatholakala ezindaweni ezinjenge-Ethiopia e-Afrika. Lezi zigodi Ngokuvamile zibangelwa ukuguguleka okubangelwa imifudlana noma imifula egeleza ngokushesha.. Ngokwesimo, izigodi eziwumngcingo zivela njengezindawo ezincane ezinemithambeka ewumqansa kakhulu, efana nokuma "V". Akheka kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezintaba noma eziphakeme, lapho imifudlana inemisinga egelezayo egeleza emithambekeni ewumqansa, okubangela ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi okuphawulekayo.

Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zezigodi eziwumngcingo emhlabeni wonke:

  • I-Rift Valley e-Afrika
  • I-Cabuerniga Valley eSpain
  • I-Danum eMalaysia
  • Izigodi zaseCalchaquí e-Argentina
  • Izigodi zaseValida eSpain

Izigodi ezibanzi

Izigodi ezibanzi zivame futhi zihlukaniswa ubukhona bokusakazwa esigabeni samanje esipholile noma "esivuthiwe"., ezulazula emithambekeni ethambile yemigodi ebonisa izisekelo ezibanzi zalezi zigodi ezinkulu. Njengoba isikhathi sihamba, umfudlana ogelezayo kancane kancane uguguleka inhlabathi eseduze nesigodi, okuphumela ekubeni usebe lwawo lube banzi nakakhulu.

Ezinye izibonelo zezigodi ezibanzi ezitholakala emhlabeni wonke zihlanganisa:

  • I-Acari Valley (Peru)
  • I-Aburrá Valley (Colombia)
  • I-Nile River Valley (Egypt)
  • I-Matamorros Valley (Mexico)

Izigodi zaseMexico

I-Mexico City itholakala esigodini esaziwa ngokuthi i-Great Valley of Mexico Iyithafa elizungezwe izintaba nezintaba-mlilo, etholakala cishe ngamamitha ayi-3.000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Lesi sifunda sihlukaniswa ngenhlabathi yaso evundile kanye nesimo sezulu esipholile esithola imvula eningi.

Lesi sigodi simboza iMexico City, okungenye yezindawo zedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, esisendaweni lapho impucuko yama-Aztec yayichuma khona ngokomlando. Isimo sesimanje se-Valley of Mexico sithole umlingiswa wasemadolobheni nowamanje. Cishe izakhamuzi eziyizigidi ezingu-22 zihlala endaweni yedolobha elikhulu, elihlanganisa izindawo ezinabantu abaningi kakhulu, kanye namadolobha aseduze.

Imifula iTula nePánuco, egelezela eGulf of Mexico, Baphethe ukudonsa amanzi esigodini. Ngo-1951, uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi lwathuthukiswa ngokuvulwa komhubhe e-Tequixquiac, okwenza kube lula ukuphambukiswa kwamanzi eMfuleni iTula ngoxhaxha lwemigudu, ngaleyo ndlela kunikeze amanzi okuphuza namandla kagesi ngamanzi esiFundeni saseFederal.

Isigodi sase-Anáhuac sakha esinye sezigodi ezine ezakha uhlelo lwezigodi, kanye nezigodi zaseCuautitlán, Apan naseTizayuca. Ivamise ukudideka ne-endorheic basin yaseMexico, ebonakala ngemifula engenawo umlomo womfula. Ngemisebenzi yobunjiniyela, amanzi ahanjiswa esuka esifundeni sase-Anáhuac aye eMfuleni iTula, ogcina ugelezela eGulf of Mexico.

IsiGodi saseMexico sinendawo ethile yokuhlala kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ezibonakala ngezithako ezicebile ezinotshani, izindawo ezikhuhlane, namahlathi kaphayini nawe-oki. Kulesi sigodi, Izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zisengozini yokushabalala, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinyoni, kanye nenqwaba yonogwaja, ama-skunk, ama-opossum nezibankwa.

Ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kuya ngokuya kubangwa amanzi angcolile, okubangelwa imisebenzi kamasipala kanye nemikhiqizo yezimboni, engcolisa ngokushesha imifula nezindawo zokulima. Lesi simo esishaqisayo siba sibi nakakhulu ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okungathi sína.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi siyini isigodi nokuthi sakhiwe kanjani.


Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.