Cishe njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi nanye, amabala elanga enkanyezini yethu, iLanga, abonisa iphethini yomjikelezo, ayafiphala futhi aphinde avele. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi ubuncane belanga, futhi njengamanje sibheke enkathini entsha yalolu hlobo. Kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele endaweni ephansi kakhulu yomsebenzi welanga phakathi kuka-2019 no-2020. Kodwa Lokhu kuzowuthinta kanjani umhlaba?
Iqiniso liwukuthi azikho izimpendulo eziqondile ngalolu daba, kodwa ngenxa yocwaningo lwezikhungo ezifana ne-NASA, singathola umbono wemiphumela engaba khona.
Umjikelezo welanga nomthelela wawo Emhlabeni
ILanga lihamba ngemijikelezo ecishe ibe yiminyaka eyishumi nanye, ehlukaniswa phakathi kwezinkathi ze isilinganiso solar, lapho kuqoshwa khona amabala elanga amaningi, futhi ubuncane belanga, lapho inani lamabala lincipha kakhulu. Kuye kwabhalwa ukuthi inani elikhulu lama-sunspots, izinga lokushisa liphakeme Emhlabeni. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngesikhathi solar minima, amazinga okushisa avame ukubanda.
Ukuhluka kwemisebe yelanga kuncane, cishe u-0.1%, phakathi kobukhulu belanga nobuncane. Nakuba lesi sibalo sibonakala sincane, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi iLanga linamandla okukhipha isamba esikhulu samandla. Ukuze ujule kulesi sihloko, ungafunda nge imisebe yelanga eplanethini enguMhlaba nokubaluleka kwayo esimweni sezulu.
Phakathi nenkathi eyaziwa ngokuthi i- Ubuncane obuncane, okwenzeka phakathi kuka-1645 no-1715, umsebenzi welanga wawuphansi kakhulu, okubangele amazinga okushisa embulunga yonke ayefika ku-1°C ebanda kunokuvamile. Lesi sikhathi sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi- I-Ice Age encane, lapho iYurophu neNyakatho Melika kwaba nobusika obunzima, okwandisa izinguzunga zeqhwa. Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nezinguquko ezibalulekile zesimo sezulu, ungafunda mayelana izinguquko ezinkulu zesimo sezulu emlandweni woMhlaba.
Ingabe isintu sibhekene nekusasa elifanayo? Nakuba lokhu kungase kube njalo, kunesici esisodwa esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe: umkhathi wamanje ugcwele i-carbon dioxide, okunganciphisa ukupholisa. Nokho, kuncane esingakwenza ukuvimbela iziphepho ze-geomagnetic ezizosithinta phakathi nalesi sikhathi. U-Dean Pesnell we-NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center uphawula ukuthi "ngesikhathi esincane solar, amandla kazibuthe eLanga ayancipha futhi anikeze ukuvikeleka okuncane ezakhini." imisebe ye-cosmics. Lokhu kungaba yingozi enkulu kosomkhathi abasemkhathini.
Ama-solar flares kanye ne-coronal mass ejections
Ama-solar flare ukuqhuma okungazelelwe endaweni yeLanga okungakhulula amandla amaningi kanye nezinhlayiya. Ngesikhathi se-solar maxima, eziningi zalezi zenzakalo zenzeka, ezingase ziholele ukukhishwa kwe-coronal mass. Leli gama libhekisela kumabhamuza amakhulu e-plasma namandla kazibuthe akhishwa emkhathini welanga aye emkhathini.
Lawa ma-ejection, ngaphezu kokuba yizimo zemvelo ezihlaba umxhwele, angaba nemiphumela eqondile eMhlabeni. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho la manani amakhulu e-plasma ethinta insimu kazibuthe yeplanethi yethu, angaqalisa iziphepho ze-geomagnetic, ezinamandla okuphazamisa kokubili izinhlelo zikagesi nezokuxhumana eMhlabeni. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nalezi ziphepho, ungabheka isihloko mayelana neziphepho zelanga ezidliwa ngabantu, imininingwane ehlobene nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.
Imithelela kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nomkhathi womhlaba
Uma ubuncane belanga kwenzeka, umkhathi woMhlaba uphendula ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Kuvame ukubonwa ukuthi inani le imisebe ye-cosmics ukufinyelela phezulu emkhathini kuyanda. Le misebe ye-cosmic iyizinhlayiya ezinamandla aphezulu ezivela ezintweni ezifana nokuqhuma kwe-supernova nezinye izenzakalo ezinobudlova endaweni yonke. Ngesikhathi esincane, amandla kazibuthe eLanga ayancipha, okuvumela imisebe ye-cosmic eyengeziwe ukuthi ingene emkhathini woMhlaba. Ukuze uqonde kangcono lezi zenzakalo, ngikumema ukuthi ufunde Kuzokwenzekani uma isiphepho selanga sifika eMhlabeni?.
Ngalesi sikhathi, kungase kube nemiphumela kukho kokubili ukuphila eMhlabeni nakosomkhathi. Ukuhambela emkhathini kuba inselele ebaluleke kakhulu, njengoba osomkhathi bengase bachayeke emazingeni aphezulu emisebe ye-cosmic, engandisa ingozi yokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kanye neminye imiphumela eyingozi yezempilo. Lokhu kube ngenye yezinselelo ezinkulu zemishini yesikhathi esizayo, njengaleyo ehlongozwayo yokuyisa abantu kuMars.
Njengoba sithembela kakhulu kubuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi amasistimu asekelwe kwisathelayithi, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umsebenzi welanga ungathinta kanjani ukusebenza kwethu kwansuku zonke. Ngokwesibonelo, iziphepho zelanga Angakwazi ukuthunaza amagridi kagesi, aphazamise izinhlelo ze-GPS, futhi aphazamise ukuxhumana nomsakazo. Uma ufuna ukuqonda okwengeziwe mayelana nesimo sezulu sasemkhathini kanye nemiphumela yaso, ungafunda esikhaleni sezulu.
Ithonya lemijikelezo yelanga esimweni sezulu
Ngaphandle kwemiphumela yabo kwezobuchwepheshe, imijikelezo yelanga nayo iye yaxhunyaniswa nokushintshashintsha kwesimo sezulu. Kuphakanyiswe ukuthi izikhathi zomsebenzi welanga eliphezulu zihlotshaniswa nezinkathi zonyaka ezishisayo nezomile, kuyilapho i-solar minima ingaholela ebusika obunzima kakhulu. Isibonelo salokhu kungaba uma kungaba khona i-Ice Age encane esikhathini esizayo ngenxa yale mijikelezo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, nakuba imijikelezo yelanga idlala indima ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu, ithonya labantu ngokusebenzisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kuyisici esiyinhloko ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu samanje. Nakuba imiphumela yobuncane belanga ingabonakala, umsebenzi womuntu unamandla amakhulu kakhulu okushintsha izimo zezulu kunemijikelezo yemvelo yeLanga Ukuze ubheke kabanzi ukuthi abantu basheshisa kanjani ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu Lesi sihloko esikhuluma ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okubangelwa abantu.
Isibonelo, ucwaningo lwe-NASA lubonisa ukuthi ngisho nenkathi ende ye-Grand Solar Minimum ngeke iguqule ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke okubangelwa umsebenzi womuntu. Eqinisweni, okwenzeka eminyakeni yamuva kuyakubonisa lokho amazinga e-carbon dioxide namanye amagesi ashisayo emkhathini aye aqhubeka anda.
Ikusasa leLanga kanye nomthelela walo Emhlabeni
Ngomongo wamanje, iLanga kulindeleke ukuthi liqhubeke nemijikelezo yalo yomsebenzi, okuhlanganisa nobuncane obuncane belanga elilandelayo obulindelwe ngo-2031. Le mijikelezo iyingxenye yemvelo yokuziphatha kweLanga futhi akufanele ibe imbangela yokuhlaba umkhosi okungadingekile.
Nokho, Kubalulekile ukuqapha umsebenzi welanga hhayi nje ngenxa yemiphumela yayo esimweni sezulu, kodwa nangenxa yethonya layo emhlabeni wethu wezobuchwepheshe. Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokubikezela kanye namasu okunciphisa kubalulekile ekulungiseleleni iziphepho ezingase zibe yingozi. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuncibilika kweqhwa okungaba nomthelela esimweni sezulu soMhlaba, ngikumema ukuthi ufunde mayelana ukuncibilika kwe-Antarctica.
Isayensi yenze inqubekelaphambili enkulu ekuqondeni lezi zenzakalo, futhi ukusebenzisana nama-ejensi afana ne-NASA kuyaqhubeka nokuba yisihluthulelo sokubikezela imiphumela umsebenzi welanga ongaba nayo ekuphileni kwethu.
