ESpain isomiso siyisimo semvelo esivela njalo futhi ikakhulukazi kuzo zonke izindawo zaseMedithera. Imvamisa nokuqina okufanayo kwandiswa yimiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu Futhi, yize imisebenzi yezomnotho nezinhlelo zemvelo zivumelane nalesi simo sesimo sezulu, azikwazi ukwenza njalo kulesi simo, esithinta ukusimama.
Lesi simo sesomiso nokwanda kwamazinga okushisa kuholele ehlobo elishisa kakhulu nelomisa kakhulu emakhulwini amathathu eminyaka edlule emashumini eminyaka adlule. Lesi simo sinamiphi imiphumela?
Ukushisa okuningi, amanzi amancane
Kwaphela amashumi amabili eminyaka, amalungu eqembu locwaningo Isimo Sezulu, Amanzi, Ushintsho Lomhlaba Wonke kanye Nezinhlelo Zemvelo zoMnyango WezeJografi Nokuhlelwa Kwezindawo Bakha kabusha isimo sezulu sakudala kusukela ekukhuleni okukhazimulayo kwezihlahla ezindala kakhulu eSpain. Ngalolu cwaningo, banethemba lokuqonda ukuthi isimo sezulu besinjani emakhulwini eminyaka adlule futhi balinganisele ubunzima nokuqhubeka kwemiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi izinguquko eziningi zesimo sezulu ziye zenzeka kuwo wonke umlando, kodwa azisheshanga njengalokhu okwenzeka njengamanje. Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa elifana nalelo lanamuhla, kwadlula izigidi zeminyaka. Kodwa-ke, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu njengamanje kwenzeka ngokwesilinganiso somuntu, okungukuthi, emakhulwini ambalwa nje eminyaka.
Lolu lwazi lungatholakala ngokutadisha ukukhula okukhanyayo kwezihlahla ezifana nophayini. Ijenali Geophysical Research Letters manje ihlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kwe amasampula avela ezihlahleni ezingama-774 zohlobo lwePinus sylvestris nePinus uncinata etholakala ezintabeni zase-Iberia, njengoba ubude bamarekhodi esimo sezulu esisetshenziswayo (idatha elinganiswa eziteshini zezulu) ifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-100 engcono kakhulu, isikhathi esinganele ukuhlola ukuhluka okungenzeka kwesimo sezulu samanje. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne- ihlobo elome kakhulu eSpain kumongo walezi zinguquko, kanye nokubonisana Ukuhlukaniswa kwesimo sezulu saseSpain ukuqonda kangcono ukuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu.
Ukutadisha ukukhula kwesihlahla
Ngenxa yolwazi oluqoqwe kusuka ezilinganisweni zokukhula kwezihlahla, kungenzeka wazi ukuthi isimo sezulu sivele kanjani. Lapho isihlahla ngasinye siveza ukhuni olwephuzile, okuwukuthi, mnyama kakhulu okwenziwa ezigabeni zokugcina zokukhula konyaka, kungenzeka wakhe kabusha imiphumela yesomiso ehlobo kusukela emashumini okuqala ekhulu le-XNUMX.
Umsebenzi usuqalile ngehlobo kusukela ekhulwini le-18 kusukela lokhu kwaba ukuqala kwenguquko yezimboni, lapho amagesi abamba ukushisa aqala ukukhishwa ngenguquko yezimboni. Ngalo mqondo, kuyathakazelisa ukubona ukuthi kanjani Imvula eSpain yehlile eminyakeni yamuva, esithinte kakhulu isomiso. Izifundo zivuliwe amarekhodi okushisa eSpain Ziphinde ziveze izinguquko ezikhathazayo ezihambisana nalo mkhuba wesomiso esingokomlando.
Kungokokuqala ukuthi ososayensi bakwazi ukwakha kabusha isimo sezulu samakhulu eminyaka edlule ngale ndlela. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi I-Standardized Evaporation and Transpiration Index (SPEI), ebhekisela kulokhu ezinyangeni zika-July no-August. Ihlobo seliya ngokwanda ukoma, futhi manje seliqopha umlando. Lesi sigameko sihloliwe futhi maqondana .
Okuthile okucatshangelwa kulezi zilinganiso futhi okubalulekile ekuchazeni imiphumela neziphetho ukuthi le nkomba esetshenziswe ezilinganisweni ibheka ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe okutholwa yizinhlelo zemvelo uma kungenzeka kwehle imvula ngokungajwayelekile, esimeni lapho, ngenxa yesivuvujikelele, amazinga okushisa onyaka akhuphuka kakhulu. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi zibe nomthelela kanjani kulesi simo.
Imiphumela etholakele ivezwe abanye ababhali abavela eYurophu naseNyakatho Afrika, ababhekise kokuhlukile ukuthi isomiso esibi kakhulu esenzeke ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX nalesi esenzeka manje esikhathini esedlule iminyaka.
Izinguquko emaphethini asemkhathini abangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu zisebenza ngezinga elikhulu futhi ziyakwazi shintsha ukuma nokuphikelela kwe-Anticyclone e-Azores okungavumeli iziphepho futhi, ngakho-ke, imvula ingene eSpain. Lesi simo, kanye nezimo zezulu zamanje, nazo zihlobene i-Azores anticyclone nendlela esithinta ngayo isomiso eSpain. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kukhula kwezinga lezehlakalo zesimo sezulu esomile kuyahambisana nemiphumela yombiko wakamuva ovela kwiPhaneli Yohulumeni Bezizwe Ezihlangene mayelana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
