Ngokuhlolisisa intuthu ephuma koshimula, singathola ukwaziswa okubalulekile mayelana nesimo samanje somkhathi. Ukuziphatha kwentuthu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuvela koshimula bezindawo zokuhlala noma basezimbonini, noma kukhiqizwa izehlakalo zemvelo ezifana nokusha kwehlathi noma ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, kuthonywa kakhulu izimo zezulu. I Ukubuka intuthu kungasinika ulwazi oluningi mayelana nesimo sezulu.
Ukubuka intuthu
Lapho kwakhiwa amamodeli okusabalalisa okungcolile, kubalulekile ukucabangela hhayi kuphela amaphethini omoya kodwa nezinga lokuzinza komkhathi. Lokhu kuzinza kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukugcwala kokungcola endaweni ethile ngesikhathi esithile. I ukuba khona kwama-aerosols emkhathini kuthinta ngqo ukuthi lezi zinto ezingcolisayo zihlakazeka kanjani, ngakho-ke, izinga lomoya nesimo sezulu.
Intuthu, eyakhiwe ngamagesi nezinhlayiya, iba yingxenye yomoya ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu kunendawo ezungezile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, I-plume iphakama ngokwemvelo emkhathini, ngaphandle kwalapho kuvunguza isivunguvungu esinamandla. viento ngesikhathi sokukhishwa (njengokuphuma kukashimula), okwenza ikholomu inlule ivundlile kumabanga amade. Ngokuhlola ipulangwe ebonisa lezi zici, singakwazi ukunquma ngokushesha kokubili lapho umoya uqonde khona namandla.
Isimo esingazinzile kanye nentuthu
Uma i umkhathi ayizinzile, intuthu ekhishwa ushimula inomkhuba omkhulu wokuhlakazeka, isakazeka kabanzi kuzo zombili izikhombisi-ndlela ezivundlile nezime mpo. Esimeni somoya esingazinzile, Intuthu ikhuphuka ngokushesha futhi inwebeka njengoba isivinini somoya sikhuphuka ezindaweni eziphakeme. Uma izimo ezivumayo zemvula zikhona ngaphakathi kwalezi zindawo ezingaguquki ze-synoptic, okunye ukungcola kuhlanganiswe namathonsi emvula njengoba ehla. Eqinisweni, ukungcola okuthile kungasiza ngisho ngokuqondile ukwakheka kwama-nuclei asebenza njengesisekelo sokukhula kwamaconsi.
Lapho kubonakala ukuzinza komkhathi, ikakhulukazi ebusika, ukuhlakazeka kwentuthu kuba inselele kakhulu. Lokhu kuzinza kubonakala ngokuba khona kwezingcindezi eziphezulu kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-thermal, lapho umoya obandayo utholakala eduze kobuso boMhlaba kuyilapho umoya ofudumele uhlala phezulu. Ezifundeni lapho umoya uvame ukuntengantenga ngokwemvelo, njengezigodi noma amathafa azungezwe izintaba, ukuba khona kwezimboni noma izindawo zasemadolobheni kuvame ukubangela ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokungcoliswa komoya. Lawa mazinga aphezulu okungcola angamela izinsongo ezinkulu emvelweni nempilo yabantu.
Ukuba khona kokuguquguquka kwe-thermal kungabonwa ngokubukeka ngamapayipi akhishwa ngoshimula. Ekuqaleni, Intuthu ikhuphuka ibheke phezulu, kodwa lapho ifinyelela ungqimba oluguquguqukayo lapho kuhlala khona umoya ofudumele, inweba ivundlile kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Lokhu kukhuliswa kuyinikeza ukubukeka okuhlukile, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esinamathiselwe. Lapho izimo ze-anticyclonic ezihambisana nokwakhiwa kwalokhu kuguqulwa ziqhubeka futhi kunemithombo eminingi yokukhipha umoya, njengezindawo zezimboni ezinezinqwaba zokubhema noma amadolobha aminyene anamazinga aphezulu omgwaqo kanye nezakhiwo, ukungcoliswa komoya okuba umphumela kuba inkinga eyingozi. Akugcini nje ngokuphakamisa ukukhathazeka kwemvelo kodwa futhi kusongela impilo yomphakathi.
Izinhlobo zentuthu ziya ngokuya ngomoya
Lezi izinhlobo ezahlukene zentuthu ezikhiqizwa kuye ngomoya ngaleso sikhathi:
Intuthu yentuthu emile
Lapho umoya uzolile noma unomoya omncane, umusi wentuthu uvame ukukhuphuka ubheke phezulu. Lolu hlobo lwe-plume lubonakala ezimweni ezinzile zomoya, lapho kungekho thonya elibalulekile lemimoya ephambanayo. Intuthu yentuthu ikhuphuka ngokufanayo, igcine umumo oyisilinda noma oyindilinga kancane njengoba ihlakazeka emkhathini.
Intuthu egobile
Lapho umoya uvunguza uye ngakuwo, intuthu ingase isuke lapho umoya ubheke khona. Umphumela wawo ubonakala kakhulu ezimweni zomoya ophakathi nendawo ukuya konamandla, lapho amandla omoya edlula ukuthambekela kwemvelo kwentuthu ukukhuphuka kuqonde. Intuthu yentuthu ingathatha umumo obude, agobile, ukusakazeka ohlangothini lomoya futhi ushiye umzila obonakalayo njengoba uhlakazeka emoyeni.
Intuthu ehlakazekile
Uma kunomoya oshintshayo noma onesiyaluyalu, intuthu ingase ihlakazeke ngezindlela eziningi, yenze ifu lezinhlayiya ezihamba emoyeni. Kuvamile ezindaweni lapho kunezithiyo ezifana nezakhiwo, izihlahla noma izindawo ezingalingani ezishintsha ukugeleza komoya. Izingcezu zentuthu zibe imifudlana emincane ehamba ngezindlela ezihlukene, okwenza iphethini yokusabalalisa enesiphithiphithi futhi kwenze kube nzima ukubikezela umkhondo wayo.
Intuthu yentuthu ye-laminar
Ngaphansi kwezimo zomoya ozinzile nofanayo, intuthu yentuthu ingathatha ukuma kwe-laminar, lapho izingqimba zomoya zihamba ngendlela ehlelekile futhi zihambisana nomunye nomunye. Ivamise ukwenzeka kaningi ezindaweni ezivulekile, eziyisicaba, lapho kunomoya ayihlangabezani nezithiyo ezibalulekile ezishintsha ukugeleza kwayo. Intuthu isakazeka endaweni encane, efaniswayo, igcina isiqondiso esiqhubekayo kanye nesivinini njengoba ihlakazeka endaweni ezungezile.
Nentuthu yomlilo wehlathi?
Intuthu ekhiqizwa imililo yequbula ayithinti nje kuphela ikhwalithi yomoya wendawo, kodwa ingaba nomthelela omkhulu esimweni sezulu esikalini sesifunda nesomhlaba. Lo mthelela ubangelwa ukukhishwa kwamagesi nezinhlayiya ezihlukahlukene emkhathini, ezisebenzisana nemisebe yelanga, zishintsha amaphethini okujikeleza komkhathi futhi zingathonya izinga lokushisa nemvula.
Ihlathi liyasha Zikhiphela inani elikhulu le-carbon dioxide (CO2) namanye amagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini. La magesi abamba ukushisa kwelanga emkhathini, okunomthelela ekufudumaleni komhlaba nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu isikhathi eside.
Intuthu yomlilo wequbula iqukethe nezinhlobonhlobo zama-aerosol nezinhlayiya ezinhle, njengekhabhoni emnyama nama-sulfate. Lezi zinhlayiya zingasebenza njenge-condensation nuclei yokwakheka kwamafu futhi zibe nomthelela ekukhanyeni komkhathi, okungase kube nomthelela kwinani lokukhanya kwelanga okufinyelela phezu komhlaba. Kubalulekile ekuhloleni umthelela walezi zehlakalo ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu.
Ukushisa okukhishwa imililo yequbula kungadala ukukhuphuka komoya oshisayo, nakho Athonya amaphethini amakhulu okujikeleza komkhathi. Lezi zinguquko ekujikelezeni komkhathi zingathinta ukusatshalaliswa kwemvula nomoya ezifundeni eziseduze, okunomthelela obalulekile esimweni sezulu sesifunda.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nenani lolwazi esingasinikeza lona ngokubheka amapayipi entuthu.