Ukuqhuma kwe i-volcano tonga kuthuse abantu abaningi. Izazi zesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke bezijabule kakhulu kunokujwayelekile ngoMgqibelo ntambama. Amasathelayithi amaningana oLwandlekazi i-Pacific athwebule ukuqhuma okukhulu kwentaba-mlilo i-Hunga Tonga ngokucacile okungakaze kubonwe, kwaqala ukubonakala kumathuluzi awo. Ukukhuphuka okungazelelwe kwemephu ye-barometric kubonisa izinguquko zengcindezi, njengoba kulindelekile lapho amagagasi ehamba esuka endaweni ye-antipodal ngesivinini somsindo. Intaba-mlilo yaseTonga inyakazisa isibhakabhaka eMhlabeni, okubangela "i-tsunami yasemkhathini." Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nale ntaba-mlilo, ungabheka isihloko esithi Izintaba-mlilo ezingaphansi kwamanzi kanye nomthelela wazo emvelweni futhi futhi mayelana ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo yaseTonga.
Ake sibone ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo yaseTonga eSpain nokuthi yayiyini imiphumela yomoya.
Ukubhaliswa eziqhingini zaseBalearic
ESpain, iziphazamiso ziqale endaweni yokubuka izinto ngezithuba zabo-21:30 p.m. ngesikhathi senhlonhlo yendawo, ngokusho kukaRubén del Campo, okhulumela i-AEMET. Isazi sesimo sezulu uJosé Miguel Viñas sachaza ukuthi, ngaphezu kwetsunami yolwandle eyabangela imiphumela eyinhlekelele yokuqhuma kwesiqhingi kwakamuva, amaza ethusayo asuka ekuqhumeni ahamba amabanga amade futhi angabonwa aze afike e-Alaska futhi ngesimo sokuphuma ngokushesha kanye noshintsho lwengcindezi emhlabeni jikelele.
Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, phakathi kuka-20 no-21 p.m., isazi sesimo sezulu eselathatha umhlalaphansi u-AgustĂn Jansa saqala ukuthola imibuzo evela kozakwabo abaningana abambuza mayelana namagugu aqoshiwe olwandle eMedithera. Omunye wamavulandlela kwakungu-AgustĂn, okwathi kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-80s waqala ukuchaza into eyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile eziQhingini zaseBalearic, ezaziwa endaweni ngokuthi. "i-meteotsunamis" noma "rissaga". Lokhu kukhuphuka okungazelelwe kwezinga lamanzi kwenzeka lapho umkhathi nolwandle “kumbhangqwana” ngenxa yokwehla okungazelelwe kwengcindezi okwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo eziqondile, njengoba kwenzeka ezenzakalweni zika-1984 no-2006, futhi ezingagcina zidale umonakalo emachwebeni. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nemiphumela yama-tsunami, ungabheka isihloko esithi ama-tsunami anemisebe, ebuye ichaze izinto ezenzeka eMedithera. Umonakalo oyinhlekelele, njenge-Citadella e-Menorca.
Ama-oscillations ku-atmospheric pressure
Isazi sesimo sezulu sikwazile ukubona ukuguquguquka komfutho womoya kanye nezinga lolwandle ngasogwini lweziQhingi zaseBalearic. Lokhu kungase kuxake, futhi abantu bebelokhu bebuza ukuthi ukuzulazula kungaholela yini ku-rissaga. Ngokusobala, izimo zalokhu zazingalungile, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi okunye ukuzungeza ngomzuzu wokugcina okungamasentimitha ambalwa entaba-mlilo engcwele kwase kuqala ukufana kakhulu naleyo ye-meteotsunami, ngakho isazi sesimo sezulu sasola kakhulu umthelela ongase ube khona wokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo yaseTonga emanzini. Kodwa-ke, lesi sazi sesimo sezulu sibheka amarekhodi omfutho womkhathi iminyaka engu-40-50, futhi kungokokuqala ngqa sibona into efana nale.
Uma ubhekisisa amagrafu, uyakubona lokho ulwandle luyanyakaza ngama-amplitudes angama-10-15 centimeters okwakhula kamuva futhi ekuseni ama-oscillations afinyelela kumasentimitha angama-30 ogwini oluseningizimu yeMallorca futhi afinyelela kumasentimitha angama-50 eCiutadella. I-oscillation enamandla kakhulu irekhodwa ngomhla ka-16, ngo-8:00 ngesikhathi sasendaweni. Futhi nakuba izilinganiso nokuqhathaniswa kwezinombolo namamodeli ahlukene kusafanele kwenziwe, uyaqiniseka ukuthi imiphumela yokuqhuma, into ayengakaze ayibone emsebenzini wakhe wonke.
Okwenzeka kwakuyi-tsunami yesimo sezulu eMedithera, kodwa kwakujabulisa ngenxa yokuchayeka kwentaba-mlilo ngakolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba. Kuyi-oceanic oscillation kwesinye isikhathi ekhiqiza amagagasi omfutho womoya, njengalezo ezikhiqizwa yizintaba-mlilo kulesi simo. Ngenxa yokuthi ulwandle luthintana nomkhathi, ukwehla komfutho womoya kungazelelwe kuthanda ukukhukhumalisa ulwandle lapho amagagasi omoya edlula, ngaleyo ndlela ezungeza evundlile futhi kubangele i-meteotsunami emzamweni wokubuyela endaweni yawo yokulinganisa.
Umehluko omkhulu nge-meteotsunami evamile eziQhingini zaseBalearic ukuthi lapha ukucindezela kanye nezinguquko ezisheshayo ezingeni lolwandle akukona ngesikhathi esisodwa kodwa akuhlangani, ngakho-ke i-Proudmann resonance (umehluko phakathi kwembangela nezinga lolwandle) yimiphumela ehlangene. ) akunakwenzeka ukuthi kube esinye sezici ezivame ukwenzeka zokukhulisa ama-tsunami amakhulu e-meteorological. Ezinye izici zokukhulisa, njenge i-resonance yesikhulumi, umphumela werempu (umphumela we-tsunami) noma i-port resonance yebo bangaba khona, nakuba ucwaningo oluthile ludingeka ukuze kubonakale ukuthi benza kangakanani.
Ukubuka intabamlilo yaseTonga eSpain
Okuhlukile ngokuqhuma kwentabamlilo kule mpelasonto oThongathi wukuthi sinolwazi oluningi mayelana nalesi simo esiqhamuka emkhathini nasezinsimbini ezahlukene. UNahúm Chazarra uyavuma ukuthi asikaze sikwazi ukukala into efana nale ngezindlela eziningi kangaka. “Sithuthuke kakhulu ngokwamakhono amathuluzi: sinesathelayithi eningi emkhathini eqapha umhlaba, okusivumela ukuthi sibone lesi sigameko ngokuningiliziwe".
Ngokuqondene nokusabalala kwamagagasi okucindezela, ososayensi bamangala ngobubanzi nokucaca kwedatha erekhodiwe. UGonzález Alemán wathi: “Kufakazelwa kahle ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho kwenzeka lolu hlobo lokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kuba namagagasi ashaqisayo, kodwa la magagasi athusayo angahamba emhlabeni wonke ayenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Singathatha ngokuthi ezangaphambili ziyefana, kodwa ngeke siqiniseke ngoba asinazo izinsimbi esinazo manje.
Ochwepheshe baxwayisa ngokuthi lokhu kuzamazama komkhathi kuyamangaza, kodwa kuyi-anecdotal kuphela ye-meteorology. “Ayinawo amandla okuphazamisa isimo sezulu, ithinta ingcindezi kuphela”, kuchaza uGonzález Alemán. "Angamaza ashaqisayo, umphumela ongemuhle odala izinguquko ezingalindelekile ezingeni lokushisa nomfutho womoya kangangokuthi adlule isivinini somsindo, njengoba sibona lapho izindiza ziphula umgoqo womsindo."
UChazala wanezela ukuthi ngokombono wentaba-mlilo, "yonke imininingwane eqoqwe phakathi nalokhu kuqhuma izosiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuqonda kwethu lezi zenzakalo, futhi mayelana nengozi ye-geological, isibonelo se-tsunami kusukela ekuqhumeni, isibonelo, kubaluleke kakhulu." Kuphinde kube yisikhumbuzo esihle ku-González Alemán sokuthi "intaba-mlilo ingaqhuma lapho noma nini, okungase kuholele onyakeni obanda kakhulu," njengoba kwenzekile esikhathini esidlule. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nethonya lezintaba-mlilo esimweni sezulu, ungabheka isihloko izintaba-mlilo ezingaphansi kwamanzi.
