Izimo zezulu ziyashintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ngakho-ke emva kwamashumi eminyaka, kanjalo nesimo sezulu. Uphenyo olwenziwe ngabaseSpain nabaseFrance selugxile ekutadisheni imvula ngesimo sesichotho esibhaliswe eningizimu yeFrance emashumini eminyaka edlule.
Ucwaningo lushicilelwe ephephabhukwini i-Atmospheric Research kanye ufunde izifundo zesichotho kusuka ngo-1948 kuya ku-2015. Uthole miphi imiphumela futhi ibaluleke kangakanani?
Isichotho semvula
Ucwaningo lubheka ukuvela kwemvelo okuhambisana nokwanda kwalesi simo sezulu, kepha abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ezinye izinto zingayinciphisa futhi zidale ukuthi empeleni zanda kuphela izivunguvungu ezinkulu zesichotho, kuyilapho isichotho esibuthakathaka sincipha. Lokhu kuphinde kuhlobane nocwaningo lwe izenzakalo zesichotho eSpain.
Ngoba izimo zezulu ezakha isichotho azizinzile futhi zingajwayelekile esikhaleni nangesikhathi, kunzima kakhulu ukuba ne-database ephelele ukuze ukwazi ukutadisha ukuvela kwayo kanye namathrendi.
Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe ngu Iqembu le-Atmospheric Physics ye-Institute of the Environment yeNyuvesi yaseLeón, jNdawonye neComplutense University of Madrid nase-Anelfa, isikhungo sokucwaninga eToulouse.
Ngesizathu esishiwo ngenhla, ucwaningo lugxile ezifundeni zesiFulentshi lapho idatha eqhubekayo nengaphazamiseki itholakale iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25. I-Anelfa ineziteshi ezingaphezu kuka-1.000 ezikala isichotho. Ukusuka lapho, amasu ezibalo asetshenziswa kakhulu ezifundweni ze-climatological asetshenziswa ukubala izitayela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubelokhu eyingxenye yokuqonda umongo walezi zimvula.
Amarekhodi nedatha
Esifundeni sasePyrenees imvamisa yesichotho ikhuphukile eminyakeni engama-25 edlule, kuya ngezindawo ezihlaziyiwe. Lezi zinsuku ayikwazi ukwelulwa kwezinye izifunda eziseduze ngoba izimo zokwakheka kwesichotho azijwayelekile kakhulu. Ukube bekuyimvula ngesimo semvula, uma kungenzeka ukwazi umbuso wemvula wezifunda eziseduze nalezo ezihlaziyiweyo.
Emzamweni wokufinyelela eziphethweni eziqinile nezingafinyeleleka kalula, njengoba i-Spain intula idatha enjalo eqhubekayo noma amarekhodi esichotho, sifune ukuthola ubudlelwano phakathi kwezimo zomoya nesichotho. Lokhu kuphinde kuhlobane nokwenzeka kwe isichotho nezici zaso.
Ngale ndlela, ucwaningo luye lwahlaziya izitayela izinkambu ezisemkhathini ezinazo lapho zivame kakhulu futhi zithanda ukubonakala kwesichotho. Umaki wemiphumela ukuthambekela okuphawulekayo eminyakeni engama-60 edlule kuya ezindaweni ezikahle kakhulu ukuze kwakhiwe isichotho. Lokhu kuphinde kuhlobane ne ukukalwa kwesichotho nezici zaso.
Kodwa-ke, lo mkhuba akufanele uhunyushwe njengokukhula kwesilinganiso sesichotho esibhaliswe phansi, ngoba kunezinto eziningi okufanele zibhekwe, njengokuncibilika kwesichotho ekwindla kwaso kusuka efwini. Imicimbi eminingi yezulu ngesimo sesichotho ayigcini ngokufinyelela phansi ngoba ibuyela esimweni soketshezi ngaphambi kokuwela phansi.
Ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, izindawo ezivumayo kakhulu nezimo zesichotho zenzeka kaningi. Nakuba kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi, ngokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, izinga leqhwa nokubanda kuya ngokukhuphuka. Leli zinga laziwa ngokuthi yi-isocero, okungukuthi, ukuphakama okutholakala kukho izinga lokushisa elinguziro degrees Celsius nalapho isichotho siqala ukuncibilika. Lokhu kuhlobene nokuhlaziywa kwe Isibikezelo sesichotho nokuthi singalungiswa kanjani.
Lokhu kuholela enanini elikhulu leziphepho ezinamandla okuba nesichotho, kodwa kweziningi zazo isichotho sigcina sincibilika ngaphambi kokuba sifike phansi, futhi kuphela iziphepho ezinamandla kakhulu ezinesichotho esikhulu kunazo zonke ezifika phezulu. Uma unesithakazelo kule nto, ungafunda mayelana umehluko phakathi kwesichotho neqhwa.
Isichotho nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke
Ukungaqiniseki kokuvama kwesichotho kunzima ukukuhumushela kuzimo zokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, ngoba kunzima ukubikezela izitayela ezithembekile zalesi simo ngamamodeli.
Esimweni esifudumele kunamandla amaningi okuba khona komhlangano ojulile, othanda ukuvela kweziphepho ngesichotho esingahle sibe khona, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukwanda kwezinga le-isozero kuvuna ukwenzeka kwaso. ukuncibilikisa isichotho okwenza kungabi lula ukushaya phansi. Kunzima ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi kwalezi zenzakalo ezimbili okunethonya kakhulu isichotho.
