Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ezaziwa nangokuthi izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, zihlanganisa lonke uhla lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni wethu, kusukela kuzakhi zofuzo namagciwane kuya ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zemvelo njengamahlathi nezixhobo zamakhorali. Ukwehlukahlukana okumangalisayo esikubona namuhla kuwumphumela wezigidigidi zeminyaka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, inqubo eye yalolongwa kancane kancane umsebenzi womuntu. Nokho, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kubangela umonakalo omkhulu. Abantu abaningi bayazibuza Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuzithinta kanjani izilwane zasolwandle.
Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuzithinta kanjani izilwane zasolwandle nokuthi yini engenziwa ngakho.
Ukubaluleka kokuhlukahluka kwemvelo ezinsizeni zemvelo
Ukuxhumana kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kubalulekile ekuthembeleni kwethu ezinsizeni ezihlukahlukene, njengezindlela zokuziphilisa, amanzi ahlanzekile, intuthuko yezokwelapha, ukuzinza kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuchuma komnotho. Imvelo idlala indima ebalulekile, ibe nesandla engxenyeni engaphezu kwengxenye ye-GDP yomhlaba. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Impilo yabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane ihlobene ngokuqondile nokuba khona kwamahlathi. Ukwengeza, kokubili umhlaba nolwandle kusiza ukunciphisa imiphumela yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngokumunca ngaphezu kwengxenye yakho.
Isimo semvelo njengamanje sisesimweni esiphuthumayo. Ingozi yokushabalala isongela izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezingaba yisigidi, futhi ezinye zibhekana nalesi siphetho esibuhlungu phakathi namashumi eminyaka. Ihlathi lemvula lase-Amazon elake lacwengeka, elidume ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezingenakuqhathaniswa, libhekene noshintsho olushaqisayo. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuye kwabangela lesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo esingavamile ukuba sisuke ekubeni isinki esibalulekile sekhabhoni siye ekubeni umthombo omkhulu wekhabhoni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukunyamalala kwamaphesenti angama-85 amaxhaphozi, okuhlanganisa izindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekile njengamaxhaphozi anosawoti nemihlume, kubangele ukulahlekelwa ikhono layo eliyigugu lokumunca amanani amakhulu ekhabhoni.
Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuzithinta kanjani izilwane zasolwandle
Ukusetshenziswa komhlaba kwabantu, ikakhulukazi ngenjongo yokuziphilisa, kuseyimbangela eyinhloko yokwehla kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Amaphesenti angu-70 amangalisayo omhlaba ongenaqhwa kakade aseshintshiwe umsebenzi womuntu.. Ukuguqulwa komhlaba ngezinhloso zezolimo akubangeli nje kuphela ukuncipha kwezindawo zokuhlala zezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezitshalo, kodwa futhi kubangela usongo olukhulu ekuphileni kwazo futhi kungaholela ekuqothulweni kwazo.
Iqhaza lokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ekuwohlokeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo liya ngokuya ligqama. Imvelo yasolwandle, umhlaba kanye namanzi ahlanzekile iguqulwe ngokuphelele ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lolu shintsho luye lwaphumela ekushabalaleni kwezilwane zendawo, ukwanda kwezifo, nokufa okusakazekile kokubili kwezitshalo nezilwane. Ngenxa yalokho, Sibona amacala okuqala okushabalala okuhlobene ngqo nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Njengoba amazinga okushisa enyuka, ukuthuthela kwezilwane nezitshalo ezindaweni eziphakeme noma ezindaweni eziphakeme kuyabaluleka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo, okudala umthelela omkhulu kuzinto eziphilayo. Amathuba okushabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane ayanda ngokunyuka ngakunye kwezinga lokushisa.
Ngokufudumala kolwandle, kuyanda ingozi yomonakalo ongenakulungiseka ezindaweni zasolwandle nasogwini. Izixhobo zamakhorali ezake zachuma azisekho zehle cishe ngamaphesenti angama-50 ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule nengxenye, futhi ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kusongela ukuqeda ngokuphelele izixhobo ezisele.
Umthelela wokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu udlulela ngalé kwezimiso zemvelo ngokwazo futhi uthinta inhlalakahle yezitshalo, izilwane, amagciwane kanye nokuhlaliswa kwabantu imbala. Lokhu kuguqulwa kokuhleleka kwemvelo kungabangela ukwanda kokudluliselwa kwezifo zisuka ezilwaneni ziye kubantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuncishiswa kwezinsizakalo ze-ecosystem, njenge Ukulahlekelwa ukudla, imithi kanye nezimpilo ezisimeme nakho kunomthelela oqondile empilweni yomuntu.
Ukubaluleka kokulondoloza izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle
Njengoba amagesi abamba ukushisa akhiqizwa ngemisebenzi yabantu, cishe u-50% wezinto ezikhishwayo ziyaqhubeka emkhathini, kuyilapho. Ama-50% asele athathwa yikho kokubili umhlaba nolwandle. Lezi zinki zekhabhoni zemvelo, ezihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zazo zemvelo, ziveza lokho okuvame ukwaziwa ngokuthi amakhambi emvelo ukubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamandla okunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ngezindlela zemvelo zingabalelwa ekulondolozweni, ekuphathweni nasekuvuseleleni amahlathi. Naphezu kokuqhubeka nokuwohloka okukhulu kwezindawo ezinamahlathi, Lezi zinhlelo zemvelo ezibalulekile zisamboza ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-30 obuso boMhlaba.
Amaxhaphozi, ikakhulukazi ama-peatlands afana namaxhaphozi namaxhaphozi, amboza amaphesenti amathathu nje omhlaba. Nokho, zinamandla amangalisayo okugcina inani lekhabhoni eliphindwe kabili elitholakala kuwo wonke amahlathi ehlangene. Ukugcina nokuvuselela lezi zingodo kuhilela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ahlala enamanzi ngokwanele, ukuvimbela ikhabhoni ukuthi i-oxidizing futhi ibaleke iye emkhathini.
Empini yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, Imihlume inenani elibalulekile ngenxa yekhono layo lokuthwebula nokugcina isikhutha. Lezi zindawo ezihlala olwandle, kuhlanganise notshani basolwandle, zinekhono elimangalisayo lokususa isikhutha emkhathini ngesivinini esiphindwe kane kunesasemhlabeni.
Izixazululo zokunciphisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni futhi uvumelane nesimo sezulu esishintshayo, kubalulekile ukulondoloza nokuvuselela izindawo zemvelo, emhlabeni nasemanzini. Ukuthuthukisa ikhono lemvelo lokumunca izinto ezikhishwayo kungase kube nomthelela cishe ingxenye yesithathu yokwehliswa okudingekayo kokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo.
I-United Nations ihlangene ibhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Njengamanje umhlaba ubhekene nenkinga yeplanethi ephindwe kathathu, okuhlanganisa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokungcola. Ukusebenzela ukufeza Izinjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme kanye nokuqinisekisa ikusasa elisimeme leplanethi yethu, kubalulekile ukuthi lezi zinkinga zisingathwe ndawonye.
Ohulumeni babhekana nenkinga yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuhlukahluka kwemvelo ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano ezimbili ezihlukene zomhlaba: i I-United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) kanye ne-, yomibili eyasungulwa ngesikhathi seNgqungquthela yeZizwe Ezihlangene e-Rio de Janeiro ngo-1992.
Njengaleso esiqanjwe kabusha nge-UNFCCC, i-Convention on Biological Diversity njengamanje ibambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwesivumelwano esisha sokulondolozwa kwemvelo, esibizwa ngokuthi uhlaka lwe-post-2020 global biodiversity. Lolu hlaka luzosebenza njengokungena esikhundleni Sokuhlosiwe Kwezinto Ezihlosiwe ze-Aichi ezamukelwa ngowezi-2010.
Ngaphakathi kwenguqulo yokuqala yohlaka, Kuye kwahlanganiswa uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ukuze kubhekwane nezimbangela zomhlaba zokwehla kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ezihlanganisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokungcola.
