Ukuthi ama-dinosaurs ashabalala kanjani

Ukuthi ama-dinosaurs ashabalala kanjani Kuyinto abantu abaningi nososayensi abazibuza yona. Nokho, akwaziwa ngokuqondile, kodwa kunezinkolelo-mbono eziningana ezithinteka kakhulu umphakathi wesayensi. Imibono enjalo isekelwe ebufakazini obungafakazela ukubaluleka kwayo. Kodwa miningi imibuzo engakaphendulwa ngale ndaba.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izinkolelo-mbono eziyinhloko Ukuthi ama-dinosaurs ashabalala kanjani.

Ukuthi ama-dinosaurs ashabalala kanjani

Ama-Dinosaurs abeyizilwane ezinkulu kakhulu ezihlobene nezilwane ezihuquzelayo emhlabeni. Zibhekwa njengohlobo lwesilwane esihuquzelayo esinegazi elifudumele sangaphambi komlando, esihlobene kodwa esihluke kakhulu ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo kanye nezinyoni imbala. Baphila iminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingu-160, ngesikhathi seMesozoic, ihlukaniswe yaba izinkathi ezintathu: Triassic, Jurassic kanye Cretaceous. Zanyamalala emhlabeni kudala.

Nini futhi Ukuthi ama-dinosaurs ashabalala kanjani? Lona ngomunye wemibuzo evame kakhulu esazungeza lezi zilwane zesikhathi esidlule. Nakuba isayensi isungule usuku nesizathu salokhu, namuhla, ngenxa yentuthuko yesayensi, imininingwane eyengeziwe kanye nocwaningo luye lwavela, imibono eminingi iye yahlongozwa, futhi kwezinye izimo, usuku lungase lushintshwe.

Usuku lokuqothulwa kwama-dinosaur kukholakala ukuthi cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-65 edlule. Kodwa, iyiphi inkolelo-mbono eyamukelwa kakhulu yokushabalala kwama-dinosaur emphakathini wesayensi? Sekungamashumi eminyaka, kunqunywa ukuthi umthelela wama-meteorite noma ama-asteroids eMhlabeni kungenzeka uqede lezi ziqhwaga ezibusa isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sesishilo kakade, kunezizathu ezengeziwe zalokhu, futhi namuhla, lezi yizinkolelo-mbono ezivame kakhulu:

i-meteorite noma i-asteroid
Umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu

Ithiyori ye-meteorite ekuqothulweni kwama-dinosaurs

Phakathi kokuphela kweminyaka yawo-1970 kanye nasekuqaleni kwawo-1980, i-meteorite engamakhilomitha angu-12-diameter noma i-asteroid eyashaya uMhlaba, ikakhulukazi esifundeni sase-Yucatan Peninsula yaseMexico, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ibangele ukushabalala kwama-dinosaurs.

Kutholwe ungqimba noma ukwakheka kwe-geological okunothe nge-iridium okuthathe wonke uMhlaba futhi kuhlehlela emuva esikhathini sokushabalala kwenqwaba. Lesi sakhi samakhemikhali asivamile ukutholakala phezu komhlaba, kodwa sikhona ku-magma ngaphakathi koMhlaba, kanye nokwakheka kwasendulo kanye nama-meteorite alele ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngenxa yokuthi i-elementi inobuthi kakhulu futhi i-radioactive, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ngemva kwe-meteorite enkulu noma i-asteroid ecebile ku-element hits futhi ikhiqiza inani elikhulu le-elementi kusuka ezingqimbeni zangaphakathi zoMhlaba, impahla isakazeka emhlabeni wonke., ukuphela kwempilo Emhlabeni. Izidalwa eziningi kanye nama-dinosaurs aphela kakhulu, kodwa lesi akusona isizathu kuphela, ukusabela kweketanga kwenzeka.

Umgodi omkhulu weChicxulub crater, etholwe eNhlonhlweni yaseYucatan eMexico, nayo yaqala eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingu-65 edlule, ngakho kukholakala ukuthi iyindawo okwatholakala kuyo ama-asteroid amakhulu anweba ungqimba lwe-iridium. Ekugcineni kwaholela kule nhlekelele enkulu.

Ngakho ukushabalala okukhulu kwama-dinosaurs kwabangelwa i-meteor eshaya iMexico. Nokho, kwakungewona umthelela ngokwawo owaqeda izimpilo zabantu abaningi kangaka, kodwa kunalokho waba nokusabela okuwuchungechunge okwaqeda iningi lempilo eMhlabeni.

Ukusabela okwaholela ekufeni kwama-dinosaurs kwaba kanje:

Kwakuyileli thonya elaqeda ama-dinosaurs esifundeni.
Ukuqhuma noma igagasi lokushaqisa elidala umthelela omkhulu kanye nesenzeko endaweni enkulu yezwe, njenge-tsunami enkulu. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ukuthi i-tsunami iqala kanjani.
Ubuthi kanye ne-radioactivity ye-iridium nezinye izakhi ezikhishiwe kuzingqimba ezingaphakathi impela Zomhlaba ngenxa ye-ejecta evela kumthelela we-meteorite.
Ukwenyuka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa kubalwe ukuthi kuphindwe izikhathi eziningana kuneLanga, futhi yabangela nemililo izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ukusuka emthonjeni womthelela.
Ungqimba oluwugqinsi nolubanzi lwamaminerali nezinye izakhi ezakha esibhakabhakeni ngenxa yomthelela wamajethi namagesi avela emlilweni. Isibhakabhaka sasimbozwe i-gypsum, into equkethe i-sulfate eyayihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yeNhlonhlo yaseYucatán ngaleso sikhathi. I-Gypsum iyashintshashintsha ibe ama-sulfate akhuphukela emkhathini ngobuningi, avimbele ukukhanya kwelanga ukuthi kufinyelele emhlabeni. I-Photosynthesis iyama (ezweni nasolwandle) ngenxa yokuvinjwa kwemisebe yelanga, izizinda zokudla ziphazamiseka kakhulu, futhi izilwane azikwazi ukubona, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola ukudla, ngisho noma kukuncane, ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa lomoya. Ukwehla okungazelelwe (cishe 10ºC), okwenza ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yoMhlaba ibe yiqhwa. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokusabela okukodwa noma okunye, izidalwa zangaleso sikhathi zazifa kancane kancane ngenxa yokuphila okuningi okwakusele eMhlabeni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lolu ungqimba luyancibilika futhi kancane luwele phansi, luvumele ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele ukuthi kubuyele ekuphileni ukuze kuphinde kuvuke abambalwa abasindile.

Ithiyori yezintaba-mlilo yayiyisizathu sokushabalala kwama-dinosaurs

Enye inkolelo-mbono esekela kakhulu ucwaningo lwesayensi olwenziwa kuze kube manje ukuthi izintaba-mlilo zaqothula ama-dinosaurs. Kunobufakazi bokuthi, ngosuku lokushabalala kwalokhu, kwaba nomsebenzi omkhulu wentaba-mlilo owaqhubeka isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yamaNdiya. Empeleni, udaka oluvela kulokhu kuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo lwahlanganisa ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-2,6 eNdiya. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana nokuqothulwa kwangaphambilini, ungathintana nolwazi ku ukushabalala kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

Kukholelwa ukuthi inhlekelele enjalo izobulala zonke izilwane kule ngxenye yeplanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa ye-magma evela ngaphakathi emhlabeni nodaka lwentaba-mlilo olucebile nge-iridium, kanye nomlotha wentaba-mlilo namagesi anobuthi akhishwa ukuqhuma okuqhubekayo, ama-dinosaurs anyamalala. Ubunzima bokukhanya kwelanga okufinyelela phezu komhlaba, ukwanda kwamagesi abamba ukushisa kanye nobuthi bomoya (okwehlisa umoya-mpilo) kuyinhlanganisela ephelele yokuvimbela izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ukuba zisinde kule nkathi.

I-athikili ehlobene:

ukushabalala okukhulu

Ithiyori yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ekuqothulweni kwama-dinosaurs

Ekugcineni, ithiyori yokugcina eyamukelwa umphakathi wesayensi mayelana nokuthi kungani ama-dinosaurs anyamalala yileyo yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu eCretaceous. Kunobufakazi obanele be-paleontological ku-geological strata kanye nezinsalela zezilwane nezitshalo ukuthi uchungechunge lwezinhlekelele, njenge ukuzamazama komhlaba, amagagasi kanye nokwehla okuphawulekayo kwezinga lokushisa, kwenzeka ngezigaba zokugcina zeNkathi Yama-Dinosaurs, okuholela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu okwedlulele. Ukuze uqonde kangcono umongo wokushabalala kuwo wonke umlando, ungafunda mayelana Ukuqothulwa kwePermian njengesibonelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lamanzi oMhlaba lehle kakhulu ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga lokushisa. Esinye isici izinguquko ezinkulu endaweni ezungezile ngaleso sikhathi, futhi lezi zilwane ezinkulu azikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngesikhathi.