Ezinsukwini zamuva nje, i-Ecuador iye yanyakaziswa ukuzamazama komhlaba okuningana, okuholela abantu ukuba babuze izimbangela zalezi zenzakalo zemvelo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokujulile ukuthi kungani ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka e-Ecuador, izinhlobo zokuzamazama komhlaba ezirekhodiwe, izimbangela zako, nokubaluleka kokuqonda lezi zenzakalo ngaphakathi komongo wezwe wezwe.
Incazelo Yokuzamazama Komhlaba
Ngokwejwayelekile, a ukuzamazama komhlaba Kuchazwa njengokuzamazama, ukunyakaza noma ukudlidliza komhlaba okubangelwa ukukhululwa kwamandla kungazelelwe kuqweqwe loMhlaba. Lokhu kukhululwa kwamandla ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngenxa yokugudluzwa kwezixuku zamadwala a iphutha le-tectonic.
Izinhlobo Zokuzamazama Komhlaba
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezahlukene kuye ngobukhulu bazo kanye nohlobo lwesigameko sokuzamazama komhlaba okubangelayo. E-Ecuador, kuvamile ukuzwa amagama afana nalawa ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukuzamazama komhlaba y ukuthuthumela. Nakuba la magama efana ngokobuchwepheshe, ekusetshenzisweni okudumile ahlukaniswa:
- Un ukuzamazama komhlaba isho ukuzamazama komhlaba okudala umonakalo omkhulu, okuhlanganisa abalimala nokucekelwa phansi kwengqalasizinda.
- Un ukuthuthumela Ukuzamazama komhlaba okuncane ngokuvamile okungadali monakalo.
I-Geology yase-Ecuador kanye nomsebenzi wayo wokuzamazama komhlaba
I-Ecuador itholakala endaweni esebenza kakhulu ye-geological, endaweni yokushayisana phakathi kwe- Isiliva le-Nazca oceanic futhi i Isiliva yezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika. Lokhu kusebenzisana kudala indawo evumelana nokunqwabelana kokungezwani kumapuleti e-tectonic, agcina ededelwe ngendlela yokuzamazama komhlaba.
El I-Geophysical Institute (IG) ovela eNational Polytechnic School ubalula ukuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba kungaqhamuka emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa:
- Amaphutha we-Tectonic noma we-geological.
- izintaba-mlilo.
- Ukushayisana kwe-meteorite.
- Imisebenzi yabantu, efana nezimayini nokuhlolwa kwenuzi.
I-Nazca Plate kanye nobudlelwane bayo nokuzamazama komhlaba
Ukwehliswa kuyinqubo ebalulekile ku-geology yase-Ecuadorian. Kule nqubo, i Isiliva leNazca lishona ngaphansi Isiliva laseNingizimu Melika ngesilinganiso esicishe sibe ngamasentimitha ayi-6 ngonyaka. Lokhu kuncishiswa kudala ukungezwani okuthi uma kudedelwa kukhiqize ukuzamazama komhlaba. Lokhu kuguquguquka nakho kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwezintaba nezintaba-mlilo esifundeni.
Ukwehliswa kwepuleti le-Nazca akugcini nje ngokubangela umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba, kodwa futhi nomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo endaweni. I-Pacific Ring of Fire. Lesi sifunda sidume ngokuba ngesinye sezindawo ezisebenza kakhulu emhlabeni ngokwesimo sokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nentaba-mlilo.
Ukubaluleka Kwendandatho Yomlilo
El I-Pacific Ring of Fire Iwumdweshu wamakhilomitha angaba ngu-40,000 ubude ozungeze uLwandlekazi iPacific futhi uhlanganisa amazwe amaningana, okuhlanganisa i-Ecuador, iChile, nePeru. Leli bhande lihlangabezana nokuzamazama komhlaba okungaba ngu-90% kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba okungama-80% okukhulu kakhulu emhlabeni. E-Ecuador, lesi simo siziveza ngokuzamazama komhlaba okunezinga eliphezulu, njengalokho okwenzeka ngo-April 16, 2016, okunobukhulu obungu-7.8 futhi kwadala umonakalo ogwini olusenyakatho yezwe.
Lolu hlobo lomsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba luyisici esivamile samazwe akha lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-Pacific Horseshoe." Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamapuleti e-tectonic kulesi sifunda akwenzi nje ukuzamazama komhlaba, kodwa futhi nomsebenzi obalulekile wentaba-mlilo.
Kwenzekani Phakathi Nokuzamazama Komhlaba?
Lapho kuba nokuzamazama komhlaba, kungase kukhiqizwe amaza amandla ahamba emadwaleni nasenhlabathini. Lokhu kudlidliza kubonwa phezulu njengokundindizela noma ukuzamazama. Kuye ngobukhulu bokuzamazama komhlaba, lokhu kunyakaza kungabangela noma yini kusukela ekundindizeleni okuncane kuya ekuzamazameni okubhubhisayo okucekela phansi izakhiwo.
Ubukhulu bokuzamazama komhlaba ngokuvamile kukalwa nge Isikali sikaRichter noma i umzuzu ubukhulu isikali. Ukufundwa kulezi zikali kunikeza ulwazi ngamandla akhishwe ngesikhathi somcimbi wokuzamazama komhlaba. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okulinganiselwa ku-5.0 kuya ku-5.9 kubhekwa njengokuphansi kuya kokumaphakathi, kuyilapho ukuzamazama okungu-7.0 noma ngaphezulu kubhekwa njengokuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla.
Kungani Ukuzamazama Kwanda eNapo nakwezinye Izifunda?
Muva nje, kuqoshwe uchungechunge lokundindizela eNapo, okuphakamisa ukukhathazeka kubahlali. I-IG iqaphele ukuthi le misebenzi yokuzamazama komhlaba ingaba yingxenye ye-a isixuku sokuzamazama komhlaba, okuwuchungechunge lokuzamazama komhlaba okungalandeli iphethini ethile. Isibonelo, ngoJanuwari 2025, izehlakalo zokuzamazama komhlaba eziningi zarekhodwa e-Napo, okuhlanganisa nokuzamazama komhlaba okuyi-5.5 magnitude obekuqine kakhulu ochungechungeni.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-geological kubonisa ukuthi lokhu kuzamazama kuhlobene nokunyakaza kwamaphutha akha umngcele we I-Sliver Norandino, ehamba enyakatho-mpumalanga naseningizimu-ntshonalanga maqondana nengxenye ezinzile yaseNingizimu Melika. Lokhu kunyakaza kuthonywa uhlelo lwamaphutha we-Chingual-Cosanga-Pallatanga-Puná, olusuka eGulf of Guayaquil luye e-Colombia.
Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Nokulungela
Umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba e-Ecuador wenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abantu bazilungiselele lezi zenzakalo. Ezinye izindlela zokuphepha zihlanganisa:
- Yazi izindlela zokuphuma uma kuba nokuzamazama komhlaba.
- Landela izincomo ze-IG nezinye iziphathimandla mayelana nomsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba.
- Yamukela izinqubo zokwakha eziphephile nezimelana nokuzamazama komhlaba.
Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuthi imiphakathi iqeqeshe futhi igcine izinhlelo eziphuthumayo ezibuyekeziwe ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi nokulahlekelwa ngesikhathi sokuzamazama komhlaba.
Izibalo Zokuzamazama Komhlaba e-Ecuador
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-2016, i-Ecuador iye yaba nokuzamazama komhlaba okuningana okuphawulekayo. Isibonelo, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwango-600 kwashiya abantu abangaphezu kuka-XNUMX befile futhi izinkulungwane zilimele, ngaphezu komonakalo omkhulu wengqalasizinda ezifundazweni ezithintekile. Ukuzamazama komhlaba e-Ecuador akubangeli nje ukulahlekelwa ukuphila, kodwa futhi kukhiqize umonakalo wezomnotho kakhulu.
Ucwaningo lwango-2014 luveze ukuthi 90% Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka eNdaweni Yomlilo, okuqinisekisa ukuma kwe-Ecuador endaweni esengozini enkulu yokuzamazama komhlaba.
Imibono yesikhathi esizayo
Njengoba ososayensi beqhubeka nokutadisha umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba e-Ecuador, kulindeleke ukuthi kube nenqubekelaphambili ukubikezela kanye nokulawulwa kobungozi. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuthuthukiswa kwe ubuchwepheshe izinhlelo zokuqapha ezithuthuke kakhulu kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinqubo zokwakha ezingcono ezingamelana nezenzakalo ezinamandla zokuzamazama komhlaba.
Imfundo mayelana nomsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nezindlela zokulungela izophinde idlale indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni ubungozi bokuthi abantu babhekane nokuzamazama komhlaba okuzayo.
Ukubaluleka Kokuqapha Ukuzamazama komhlaba
Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kokuzamazama komhlaba e-Ecuador kubalulekile ukuze kunikezwe ulwazi lwangaphambi kwesikhathi mayelana nokuzamazama komhlaba okungase kube khona. I-IG nezinye izikhungo zibambisana ekuqoqeni nasekuhlaziyeni idatha yokuzamazama komhlaba ukuze isize ukubikezela izehlakalo zesikhathi esizayo nokuthuthukisa amasu okuphuma kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo.
Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka e-Ecuador kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ekuphepheni kwesibalo sabantu, kodwa nasekuthuthukiseni amasu okunciphisa umthelela walezi zenzakalo empilweni nasemnothweni wezwe. Njengoba siqhubeka nokufunda okwengeziwe mayelana yethu ukwakheka komhlaba kanye nezingozi ezihlobene, kubalulekile ukuthi bonke abantu base-Ecuador bazilungiselele futhi bazi ngendawo yabo yokuzamazama komhlaba.
