Izitshalo azizona nje izidalwa ezikhiqiza umoya-mpilo odingeka kakhulu, kodwa manje zingasiza nososayensi ukuthi bathuthukise amamodeli wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu sibonga inqubo eyenziwe ngu UJosep Penuelas, umcwaningi e-Center for Ecological Research and Forest Applications (CREAF-UAB).
Ukubaluleka kwenzwa ekude ocwaningweni lwe-photosynthesis
Le ndlela, ngokususelwa ekuhlaziyweni kwezithombe ezikude ezitholwa kuma-satellite, kuzovumela abacwaningi ukuthi babe nombono ocacile futhi omfushane ngekusasa elisilindeleyo. Ngokufanayo, i- ukujwayela izitshalo ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu kuyaqondakala ngalezi ntuthuko. Ukuze ujule kulesi sihloko, ungabheka isihloko esithi ukutshala imifino ku-tundra yase-Alaska. Ibuye ihlobane ne ukujwayela ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.
Ukufunda ama-conifers
Kunenqwaba yama-conifers, afana nophayini namafir, okuthi, njengoba kuyizitshalo ezihlala eluhlaza, adale ubunzima kososayensi ekuthwebuleni idatha yokuthi i-photosynthesis ishintsha kanjani unyaka wonke. Nokho, bathole ukuthi ezinyangeni ezibandayo ukukhiqizwa kwe chlorophyll (i-pigment enikeza umbala oluhlaza emaqabunga futhi ebangela i-photosynthesis) iyancishiswa ukuze ivune abanye imibala, ama-carotenoids (anemibala ebomvu noma osawolintshi), okuyisici esifanele lapho ufunda umbala wamaqabunga esitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifundo on umehluko phakathi kokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokufudumala komhlaba Kubalulekile ukuqonda lezi zenzakalo kanye nomthelela wazo endaweni ezungezile. AmaConifers, ngenxa yokujwayela kwawo, ayisihloko esibalulekile kulo mongo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-pigment ngamasathelayithi
Sibonga inzwa ekude evela kumasathelayithi yenani le-chlorophyll ne-carotenoid, abacwaningi bazokwazi ukurekhoda zonke izinguquko zesizini. Lezi zinguquko, ngokusho kuka-Peñuelas, zihambisana futhi zilandela iphethini efanayo nezinga le-photosynthetic kanye nokukhiqizwa okuphelele okuyisisekelo kwe-ecosystem, okubhekisela enanini eliphelele le-carbon dioxide eligxilwe emaqabunga phakathi ne-photosynthesis. Lolu lwazi lungaba nenani elikhulu ekuhlaziyeni indlela Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuthinta izifunda ezahlukene nasezindaweni ezifana nalezi amadolobha angashabalala ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke nokuthi lokhu kuba nomthelela kanjani ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Izilinganiso zokubanjwa kwekhabhoni
Ukwazi isilinganiso se chlorophyll y carotenoids, kuzokwazi ukwenza izilinganiso ezingcono zenani lekhabhoni elithathwa yizinhlelo zemvelo ezahlukahlukene unyaka wonke. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu esimweni lapho i-, ngaleyo ndlela ithinta lonke uchungechunge lokudla kanye nempilo ye abesifazane abakhulelwe, isibonelo.
Ukuqonda umthelela wokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ezinhlelweni zemvelo
Ukuqonda imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuzo zombili izitshalo nezilwane kubalulekile ukuze siqonde isimo esibhekene neplanethi enguMhlaba. Ngendlela entsha, ososayensi ngeke nje bakwazi ukuthola idatha enembe kakhudlwana, kodwa futhi bazokwenza lula ukuqapha okuvamile, okuwusizo ekukhulumeni. izinkinga ezibhekene nezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane nokuthi zivumelana kanjani nezimo zezulu ezintsha. Ngalo mqondo, cwaninga ku I-Antarctic krill Kubuye kuhambisane neketango lokudla.
Ukuqagela okunembe kakhudlwana ngenxa yobuchwepheshe benzwa obukude
Lokhu okusha kuzovumela futhi ososayensi, okokuqala ngqa, ukuthi benze ukuqagela okunembe kakhudlwana kokuthathwa kwekhabhoni esikalini somhlaba. Lokhu kubalulekile esimweni lapho i- ukufudumala kwezwe akugcini nje ngokusheshisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kodwa futhi kushintsha umsebenzi we-photosynthetic wezitshalo. Ukuqonda lokhu kungasikhanyisela ukuthi kanjani izinhlobo zezitshalo zingase zithinteke kanye nendlela yokuzivumelanisa nekusasa elingaqinisekile, nalo elixhumene nalo izingwadule ezisongelwa ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva kanye nomthelela walo
Ucwaningo lwakamuva sethule isethi yedatha ku i-chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), eye yashintsha indlela ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo kuhlaziywa ngayo. Ngokuhlanganisa lesi signali eqondile ekhishwa izitshalo ngesikhathi se-photosynthesis namamodeli okuphendula ukukhanya, isilinganiso esinembe kakhudlwana sokukhiqiza ezindaweni ezahlukene sifinyelelwe. Lokhu kuphumelela kuhlobene nokuthi kanjani Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungashintsha izenzakalo zemvelo futhi kuthinte ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okungaba nemiphumela ye ikusasa lezikhukhula.
U-Josep Peñuelas uphetha ngokuthi lezi zinqubo ezintsha zibalulekile hhayi nje ekwenzeni ngcono ukuqonda kwethu umjikelezo wekhabhoni, kodwa futhi nokwenza izinqubomgomo ezisebenzayo zokuphathwa komhlaba kanye nokunciphisa isimo sezulu. Intuthuko ekuqondeni ukuguquguquka kwe-photosynthesis kanye nobudlelwano bayo nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kunikeza ososayensi amathuluzi amasha okubhekana nezinselele zemvelo zesikhathi esizayo. Ngokuhlanganisa izinzwa ezikude nocwaningo lomsebenzi wezitshalo, kuvuleka inkambu entsha yamathuba enganikezi nje kuphela idatha ebalulekile kodwa futhi esiza ekwakheni amasu asebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu okulondoloza imvelo yethu yomhlaba.
