I-Venus, eyaziwa njengewele lomhlaba elingapheli, iyiplanethi ezungezwe umkhathi ominyene futhi oyimfihlakalo osekungamashumi eminyaka ososayensi bedidekile. Naphezu kokufana kwayo ngobukhulu nokwakheka kweplanethi yethu, izimo ezingaphezulu kwayo zinobutha kakhulu, amazinga okushisa akwazi ukuncibilikisa umthofu nokuchoboza umfutho womoya. Nokho, umkhathi wayo uveze idatha ethakazelisayo evuselele isithakazelo ekuhloleni kwayo, njengoba kubonakala ekuhlaziyeni amazinga okushisa eVenus.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva luye lwembula imikhondo ethakazelisayo mayelana nokuvela kwayo okwedlule kanye nokungenzeka.. Abanye ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi iVenus yayinolwandle kanye nezimo ezingezinhle ngaphambi kokuba ibe nomthelela ongemuhle we-greenhouse. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutholwa kwezinto ezithile emkhathini wayo, njenge-phosphine, kuye kwavula impikiswano mayelana nokwenzeka kokuphila kwamagciwane ezingqimbeni zamafu ezingaphezulu. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokujulile izimfihlakalo ezifihlwe emkhathini waseVenusian nokuthi ukutadisha kwawo kungasisiza kanjani ukuba siqonde hhayi nje ukuvela kwamaplanethi, kodwa nekusasa lomhlaba, elifana nokuhlola umhlaba. umkhathi weMercury.
Izici zomkhathi weVenus
Umkhathi weVenus ungomunye ominyene kakhulu futhi owedlulele kakhulu kuSolar System. Ukwakheka kwayo kwenganyelwe i-carbon dioxide (CO2) ngo-96%, okukhiqiza umphumela onamandla we-greenhouse. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isongwe amafu aminyene e-sulfuric acid, okubonisa ingxenye enkulu yokukhanya kwelanga, okwenza iVenus ibe into yesithathu ekhanya kakhulu esibhakabhakeni ngemva kweLanga neNyanga. Lokhu kuhluke ngokuphawulekayo ne-, okuyi-dimmer kakhulu.
Ukucindezela ebusweni beVenus cishe Izikhathi ezingama-90 kunezoMhlaba, okulingana nokucindezela okungaba khona cishe ikhilomitha elilodwa ngaphansi kwamanzi emhlabeni wethu. Amazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-467°C, okwenza iVenus ibe iplanethi eshisa kakhulu eSolar System, ishisa ngisho nangaphezu kweMercury, naphezu kokuba iqhelelene neLanga.
Umphumela omkhulu we-greenhouse weVenus
Esinye sezici ezithakazelisa kakhulu zeVenus ukuthi i-runaway greenhouse effect. Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi yake yabamba izilwandle, izinga lokushisa elikhuphukayo labangela ukuba amanzi ahwamuke. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umhwamuko wamanzi wahlukaniswa imisebe yelanga, okuvumela i-hydrogen ukuba iphumele emkhathini, ishiye umkhathi obuswa i-CO2. Lesi simo sifana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu okuthinta uMhlaba njengamanje, okugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlaziya isimo sezulu. ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuVenus.
Lesi simo senze iVenus yaba yisibonelo esedlulele salokho okungenzeka ngenqubo ye-greenhouse engalawuleki. Ucwaningo lwabo luyisihluthulelo sokuqonda ukuthi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungawathinta kanjani amanye amaplanethi, kuhlanganise noMhlaba.
Imimoya engaqondakali kanye nezakhiwo zomkhathi
Naphezu kokujikeleza kwayo okunensayo kakhulu (usuku kuVenus luthatha izinsuku ezingama-243 zoMhlaba), umkhathi wawo uhamba ngesivinini esikhulu ngendlela emangalisayo esaziwa ngokuthi super-rotation. Imimoya esezingqimbeni ezingaphezulu ingafinyelela isivinini esingafika ku km 360 / h, okuphambene nokunensa kokujikeleza kweplanethi. Lokhu kuziphatha komkhathi kuyisici esithakazelisayo esingaqhathaniswa nokuguquguquka kwe ubuso beVenus.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, emkhathini wayo kuye kwatholakala izakhiwo ezifana namagagasi, okungenzeka kudalwe ukusebenzisana phakathi kwendawo engaphezulu nongqimba oluminyene lwamagesi. Lawa maza anganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuguquguquka komkhathi kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezingqimba ezihlukene zomkhathi we-Venusian.
Ingabe iVenus yayingahlalwa?
Amanye amamodeli asikisela ukuthi esikhathini esidlule, iVenus yayingahlala izilwandle ezinkulu. Umkhathi wawo wasekuqaleni kucatshangwa ukuthi wawufana nowoMhlaba, kodwa ukuba seduze kwawo neLanga kwasheshisa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi futhi kwabangela umphumela wegreenhouse owedlulele owuphawu namuhla. Lesi sici siyisihluthulelo sokuqonda i- ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwamaplanethi anamadwala, kuhlanganise noMhlaba.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva luye lwazama ukwakha kabusha umlando wayo wesimo sezulu futhi, nakuba izinto eziningi ezingaziwa zisazoxazululwa, ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi iVenus yayihlaleka esikhathini esithile kuqinisa ukubaluleka kocwaningo lwayo ukuze iqonde ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwamaplanethi anamadwala.
Ukuphila emafwini eVenus?
Enye yezinto ezishaqisayo ezitholwe eminyakeni yamuva kwakuyi- ukutholwa kwe-phosphine (PH3) emkhathini ongaphezulu weplanethi. Emhlabeni, le nhlanganisela ihlotshaniswa nezinqubo zebhayoloji, ezadala ukuqagela okukhulu mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka yini ama-extremophile microorganisms ingaphila ezingqimbeni ezingaphezulu zamafu aseVenusian. Lolu daba lokuba khona kwempilo kube yiphuzu elibalulekile okuxoxwa ngalo ocwaningweni lweVenus.
Nakuba ukutholwa kwe-phosphine kusalokhu kuyimpikiswano yesayensi, ukuba nokwenzeka kokuphila ku-Venus kuvuselele isithakazelo ekuhloleni kwayo. Imishini yesikhathi esizayo izofuna ukuqhubeka nokuhlaziya isimo sayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba khona kwale gesi futhi kutholakale umsuka wayo. Ucwaningo kulo mkhakha lubalulekile ukuze sandise ukuqonda kwethu uhlelo lwelanga.
Imisebenzi yokuhlola yesikhathi esizayo
Eminyakeni ezayo, izimishini ezimbalwa zasemkhathini zihlela ukuhlola iVenus ngezinsimbi ezintsha nobuchwepheshe. Umsebenzi I-DAVINCI+ Umsebenzi weNASA uhlose ukuhlaziya ukwakheka komkhathi womkhathi weplanethi ngemodyuli yokwehla, kanti i-European mission Umbono izofunda ingaphakathi nomkhathi isebenzisa irada enembayo ephezulu. Intshisekelo kuVenus iyafana naleyo ku amasathelayithi ayo, enganikeza nolwazi olubalulekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ejensi yasemkhathini yaseNdiya i-ISRO kanye ne-Roscosmos yaseRussia bamemezele izinhlelo zemishini yesikhathi esizayo eya eVenus enganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ngomkhathi wayo kanye nomlando wokwakheka komhlaba.
I-Venus isewumhlaba ongaqondakali futhi othakazelisayo onganikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ekuziphendukeleni kweplanethi kanye nomthelela wezinguquko ezinkulu zomkhathi. Kusukela yayo umkhathi ominyene kuze kube kungenzeka ukuphila emafwini ayoUkutholwa ngakunye okusha kusondeza ososayensi ekuqondeni kangcono hhayi okwedlule kukaVenus kuphela, kodwa nekusasa lomhlaba.
