Umkhathi womhlaba uyisici esibalulekile sokuphila emhlabeni wethu. Akugcini nje ngokusinika i umoya-mpilo ukuthi siphefumula, kodwa futhi uyasivikela imisebe yelanga futhi isiza ukulawula i lokushisa. Ngenxa yokwakheka nokwakheka kwayo, singajabulela isimo sezulu esizinzile kanye nezimo ezidingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe imvelo.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokujulile izingqimba zomkhathi, zayo ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali nokubaluleka kwayo empilweni yasemhlabeni. Ngayinye yalezi zingqimba inezici ezihlukile futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni nasekulondolozeni iplanethi yethu. Ukuze uqonde kangcono lesi sihloko esithakazelisayo, ungafunda mayelana ukwakheka komkhathi.
Uyini umkhathi?
Umkhathi yimvilophu yegesi ezungeza Umhlaba futhi ibanjwe ndawonye amandla adonsela phansi. Ukwakheka kwawo kuye kwashintsha phakathi nezigidi zeminyaka, kwaba ibhalansi yamagesi esiwaziyo namuhla. Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana ukwakheka komkhathi, sincoma ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda.
Umsebenzi wawo ubalulekile: uyasivikela emisebeni ye-cosmic, ivumela ukuba khona kwe umjikelezo we-hydrological futhi unomthelela ekusabalaliseni ikhalori emhlabeni. Ngaphandle komkhathi, ukuphila ngendlela esazi ngayo bekungeke kwenzeke.
Ukwakheka komkhathi
Umkhathi wakhiwe ingxube ye AmaGesi, kakhulukazi:
- I-nitrogen (N₂): Imele i 78% kusuka emoyeni futhi kubalulekile emijikelezweni yezinto eziphilayo.
- I-Oxygen (O₂): Kwakha i 21% futhi ibalulekile ekuphefumuleni kwezidalwa eziphilayo.
- I-Argón (Ar): nge 0,93%, iyigesi engasebenzi engenawo umthelela oqondile empilweni.
- I-Carbon dioxide (CO₂): Imele kuphela 0,04%, kodwa kuyisihluthulelo se-photosynthesis kanye nomphumela we-greenhouse.
- Amanye amagesi: Njenge-neon, i-helium, i-methane nomhwamuko wamanzi, ngezilinganiso ezincane.
La magesi awasatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izingqimba zomkhathi. Njengoba sikhuphuka, i ukwakheka ijwayele ukushintsha, namagesi athile abusa ezindaweni eziphakeme ezihlukene. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi izinga lokushisa lihluka kanjani nokuphakama, ungafunda mayelana ukuhluka kwezinga lokushisa.
Izingqimba zomkhathi
Umkhathi uhlukaniswe waba izingqimba eziningana ngokusho kokuhlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa nokuphakama. Ngamunye wabo unezici ezithile futhi udlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni iplanethi.
I-Troposphere
Kuyinto ungqimba oluphansi kakhulu womkhathi kanye nokubaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni. Isuka ebusweni bomhlaba iye cishe I-10-15 km lokuphakama. Iqukethe amagesi amaningi emkhathini futhi kulapho izigigaba eziningi zesimo sezulu, njengemvula, iziphepho, nomoya, zenzeka khona.
I-Stratosphere
Itholakala phakathi kwe- 15 no-50 km i-altitude, i-stratosphere yaziwa ngokubamba i- ungqimba lwe-ozone, evikela uMhlaba emisebeni yelanga e-ultraviolet. Kulolu ungqimba, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngokuphakama ngenxa yokumuncwa kwemisebe ye-UV yi-ozone. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi lesi singqimba siziphatha kanjani, vakashela isihloko sethu ku- ukwakheka komkhathi.
I-Mesosphere
Kuphakathi kwe 50 no-85 km. Iwungqimba olubanda kakhulu lomkhathi, olunamazinga okushisa angehla -80 ° C. Kulesi sifunda, ama-meteorite avame ukuhlakazeka lapho ehlangana nokungqubuzana komoya.
I-Thermosphere
Kusuka ku 85-500 km, i-thermosphere iyingqimba lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka futhi, lifinyelela 1.500 ° C. Yilapho i- I-Aurora borealis nemizila ye ziyatholakala iziphuphutheki futhi i Isikhumulo Sasemkhathini Samazwe Ngamazwe. Ungathola okwengeziwe ngalesi simo esihlokweni esithi Izibani ZaseNyakatho.
Umkhathi
Iwungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu lomkhathi, olusuka endaweni 500 km kuze kufinyelele 10.000 km lokuphakama. Kulesi sifunda, amagesi ahlakazeka kakhulu futhi ukushintshela emkhathini ongaphandle kuhamba kancane.
Ukubaluleka komkhathi
Umkhathi udlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni isimo sezulu nokuvikela izinto eziphilayo. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yayo ebaluleke kakhulu yilezi:
- Ukuvikelwa emisebeni yelangaUngqimba lwe-ozone luvimba imisebe ye-UV eyingozi kakhulu.
- ukulawulwa kokushisa: Isiza ukugcina izinga lokushisa elizinzile Emhlabeni ngomphumela we-greenhouse.
- Ivumela ukuphefumula: Iqukethe umoya-mpilo odingekayo empilweni yezilwane nezitshalo.
- Isiza umjikelezo wamanzi: I-troposphere ivumela ukuhwamuka, ukufiphala kanye nemvula yamanzi.
Umkhathi uyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila eMhlabeni. Kusivikela ezingozini zesikhala, kuvumele isimo sezulu ukuba sithuthuke, futhi kunikeze umoya-mpilo esiwudingayo ukuze siphefumule. Ukuze uhlole kabanzi ngokubaluleka komkhathi, ungavakashela isihloko sethu ku- abamba ukushisa. Ngayinye yezendlalelo zayo inikela ngokuhlukile ekulinganiseni kweplanethi, iqinisekisa izimo ezivumayo zokuba khona kwezidalwa eziphilayo.
