I-Indonesia ingelinye lamazwe aqhuma kakhulu intaba-mlilo emhlabeni.. Itholakala kuPacific Ring of Fire, iqoqo leziqhingi zase-Indonesia liyikhaya lezintaba-mlilo ezingaphezu kuka-140, ezinye zazo ziphakathi kweziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. I-geology yayo eyingqayizivele iye yalolonga kokubili indawo yayo kanye nempilo yezakhamuzi zakhona, okwenza izintaba-mlilo zibe ingxenye ebalulekile yomlando namasiko wendawo.
I-Java Island, ikakhulukazi, ingesinye sezifunda ezinezintaba-mlilo eziningi e-Indonesia. Kusukela eNtabeni iMerapi kuya eKrakatoa ewudumo, ukuqhuma kwalezi ziqhwaga kuye kwashiya uphawu olungenakucimeka emlandweni, ngezenzakalo eziye zashintsha ngisho nesimo sezulu sembulunga yonke. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo oshubile wase-Indonesia, izintaba-mlilo zayo ezinkulu ezisebenzayo, nomthelela wazo ku-geology nempilo yansuku zonke.
I-Geology kanye nokwakhiwa kwezintaba-mlilo e-Indonesia
I-Indonesia itholakala kwesinye sezifunda ezisebenza kakhulu emhlabeni mayelana nentaba-mlilo kanye nomsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuhlangana kwamapuleti amaningi e-tectonic, ikakhulukazi I-Indo-Australian Plate futhi i Ipulazi yase-Eurasian, okukhiqiza umsebenzi oshubile wokwehlisa.
Uma i-oceanic plate ishona ngaphansi koqweqwe lomhlaba, ukushisa nokucindezela kudala i-magma ekhuphukela phezulu ngemifantu kuqweqwe, kwakheka izintaba-mlilo. Izintaba-mlilo eziningi zase-Indonesia ama-stratovolcanoes, izintaba eziqinile ezakhiwe yizingqimba ezilandelanayo ze-lava, umlotha kanye ne-pyroclastic material. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nalokhu kuqeqeshwa esihlokweni sethu esithi ama-stratovolcanoes.
Izintaba-mlilo ezinkulu e-Indonesia
Intaba iMerapi
Itholakala eCentral Java, i Intaba iMerapi Ingenye yezintaba-mlilo eziqhuma kakhulu emhlabeni. Igama layo lisho ukuthi “Intaba Yomlilo” ngesiJavanese, futhi akumangalisi, njengoba iqhuma njalo ngemva kweminyaka embalwa. Iziqhumane zakhona ziqhume futhi zibangele ukulimala kanye nomonakalo kubantu abaseduze. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngale ntaba-mlilo, ungavakashela ikhasi lethu elinikezelwe kuyo. Intaba iMerapi.
I-Krakatoa
El Intaba-mlilo yaseKrakatoa, eSunda Strait, idume ngokuqhuma okukhulu kwango-1883, okungenye yezingozi ezimbi kakhulu emlandweni oqoshiwe. Lo mcimbi udale ukuqhuma okuzwakale endaweni eqhele ngezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha futhi ama-tsunami okwabangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-36,000. Njengamanje, intaba-mlilo yase-Anak Krakatau (iNdodana yaseKrakatoa) iyaqhubeka ikhula endaweni efanayo. Sikumema ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalokhu kuqhuma okuyingqophamlando esihlokweni sethu esithi I-Krakatoa.
I-Mount bromo
Enye yezindawo ezidume kakhulu zeJava yilezo ze I-Mount bromo, intaba-mlilo eqhubekayo ngaphakathi kweTengger Caldera. Nakuba ingeyona ende kunazo zonke, indawo ezungezile iyenza ibe ngenye yezindawo izindawo zokuvakasha ezivakashelwa kakhulu kusukela e-Indonesia.
I-Ijen Volcano
Esinye isimangaliso semvelo yi- I-volcano yase-Ijen, elidume ngechibi lalo le-sulfuric acid kanye namalangabi amangalisayo aluhlaza aphuma emgodini wawo ngenxa yokushiswa kwamagesi esibabule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nansi enye yezindlela izimayini zesulfure ezimbi kakhulu womhlaba, lapho abavukuzi besebenza ngaphansi kwezimo eziyingozi kakhulu.
Umthelela womsebenzi wentaba-mlilo e-Indonesia
Umsebenzi wentabamlilo e-Indonesia ube ne umthelela omkhulu endaweni yayo kanye nenani labantu. Kuwo wonke umlando, ukuqhuma kuye kwacekela phansi amadolobhana, kwaphazamisa umnotho wendawo, kwasusa yonke imiphakathi. Nokho, izintaba-mlilo ziye zaba nenhlabathi evundile elungele ukulima. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuthi umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo ungathinta kanjani imvelo, bheka isihloko sethu esithi ilukuluku zezintaba-mlilo.
Mayelana nokunciphisa ingozi, i-Indonesia inezinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe ze ukuqapha kwentaba-mlilo, okuhlanganisa iziteshi zokuzamazama komhlaba nezinzwa zegesi. Nokho, ukuminyana kwabantu emithambekeni yezintaba-mlilo eziningi kwenza kube nzima ukulawula ubungozi.
Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kusithinta kanjani isimo sezulu?
Ukuqhuma okukhulu kunakho konke kube nemiphumela yomhlaba wonke. Ngo-1815, ukuqhuma kwe- Intaba-mlilo yaseTambora Yayinamandla kangangokuthi yabangela lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “Unyaka Ongenalo Ihlobo” ngo-1816, lapho ifu lomlotha lavala ukukhanya kwelanga futhi labangela ukuphazamiseka kwesimo sezulu esibi emhlabeni wonke. Ungathola okwengeziwe ngalo mcimbi esihlokweni sethu ngawo. Intaba-mlilo yaseTambora.
I-Indonesia iyizwe elinezinto ezihlukahlukene zokuma komhlaba, lapho ubuhle obumangalisayo bezintaba-mlilo zayo buhambisana nobungozi bomsebenzi wazo. Ukusuka Intaba iMerapi kuze kube I-Krakatoa, intaba-mlilo ngayinye inomlando wayo nezici eziyenza ihluke. Naphezu kwezingozi, lezi zidlamlilo ziyaqhubeka zibathakazelisa ososayensi nabahambi ngokufanayo.
