Inkambu kazibuthe yomhlaba Ungamandla angabonakali, kodwa abalulekile ekuphileni njengoba siwazi. Lisivikela emisebeni yelanga, lithonya izimiso zokuhamba, futhi phakathi kokuhlukahluka kwalo linomlando othakazelisayo ogcwele izimfihlakalo, imibono, nezinganekwane osekungamakhulu eminyaka zihlaba umxhwele ososayensi. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nomsebenzi wayo wokuzivikela, ungafunda mayelana isihlangu se-cosmic senkundla kazibuthe.
Noma singayiboni ihlezi ikhona. Kusukela kumakhampasi amaShayina okuqala kuya kumasathelayithi esimanje, ukufundwa kwendawo kazibuthe bekubalulekile ekuqondeni iplanethi yethu kanye nomlando wayo wesimo sezulu, wokwakheka komhlaba, kanye nowezinto eziphilayo. Kodwa uvelaphi ngempela lo mkhakha? Ingabe ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungasithinta isimo sezulu noma kubangele izinhlekelele? Kulesi sihloko, sizokhipha zonke lezi zihloko ngesisekelo sesayensi futhi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imibono yozungu.
Iyini insimu yamagnetic yomhlaba futhi iqala kanjani?
El Amandla kazibuthe omhlaba (eyaziwa nangokuthi inkundla ye-geomagnetic) isifunda sesikhala esibuswa amandla kazibuthe akhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwenkaba yoMhlaba. Nakuba amakhulu eminyaka kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kukhona uzibuthe omkhulu phakathi nendawo, namuhla kuyaziwa ukuthi Le nsimu iwumkhiqizo wokuhamba kwezinsimbi eziwuketshezi kumongo wangaphandle, ikakhulukazi insimbi ne-nickel. Ukuze uthole incazelo enemininingwane yokuthi isebenza kanjani, bheka Iyini insimu yamagnetic yomhlaba futhi isebenza kanjani?.
Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi umphumela we-dynamo. Ngobubanzi, ukushisa okuvela enkabeni kubangela ukunyakaza kwe-convective ensimbi encibilikisiwe, okuthi, kanye nokuzungeza komhlaba, kukhiqize imisinga kagesi. Le misinga yona ikhiqiza amandla kazibuthe. Kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, eqhathaniswa nokusebenza kwe-dynamo yebhayisikili, kodwa ngesilinganiso seplanethi.
Lo mkhakha unesakhiwo se dipole (izigxobo ezimbili: enyakatho naseningizimu) ofana nalowo uzibuthe wendabuko. Kodwa-ke, ayihambisani ngokuphelele ne-axis ejikelezayo yoMhlaba, futhi izigxobo kazibuthe ziyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Njengamanje, i-magnetic north pole isuka eCanada iya eSiberia ngesivinini esisheshayo.
Izingxenye kanye nesakhiwo senkundla
Indawo kazibuthe yomhlaba ayifani. Ingahlukaniswa izingxenye ezintathu ezinkulu:
- Inkambu yangaphakathi: ekhiqizwa kumongo wangaphandle, imele ngaphezu kwama-90% enkambu ephelele.
- Inkambu yangaphandle: ukuthonywa ukusebenzisana nomoya welanga, kubangela i-magnetosphere.
- Okudidayo kwendawo: okubangelwa amatshe kazibuthe oqweqweni Lomhlaba, awusizo ku-archeology noma geology.
Ukuma kwayo kuthinteka umoya welanga, ngakho esikhundleni sokuba yindilinga, i-magnetosphere imise okwe-teardrop. Icindezelwe ohlangothini olubheke eLangeni futhi inwebeka njengomsila kwelinye icala. Ukuze uqonde kangcono lokhu kusebenzisana, ungafunda mayelana Indlela iLanga eliwuthinta ngayo umkhakha kazibuthe woMhlaba.
Ukuguqulwa kwe-Geomagnetic: kwenzeka nini futhi kungani?
Kuwo wonke umlando wokwakheka komhlaba, Inkambu kazibuthe yomhlaba isishintshe indlela izikhathi eziningi. Lesi simo, esibizwa nge-polarity reversal, senzeka lapho izigxobo kazibuthe ezisenyakatho naseningizimu zishintshana. Akuyona into esheshayo, kodwa ingahlala izinkulungwane zeminyaka.
Ukuguqulwa kokugcina okwaziwayo okuphelele kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni engama-780.000 edlule (umcimbi waseBrunhes-Matuyama). Izingcingo nazo ziyaziwa uhambo geomagnetic, njengokuzamazama komhlaba kwaseLaschamps eminyakeni engu-42.000 XNUMX edlule, lapho insimu yehla ngokuzumayo ngamandla nezigxobo zihlehla okwesikhashana emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka, ngaphambi kokuba zibuyele endaweni yazo yasekuqaleni. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalezi zimali ezitshaliwe, bheka Kwenzekani lapho izigxobo kazibuthe Zomhlaba zihlehliswa?.
Ingabe lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kuyasithinta isimo sezulu noma impilo?
Nakuba ama-theorists amaningi azamile ukuxhumanisa lezi zimali nemicimbi efana ne ukushabalala okukhulu, ubudala beqhwa, noma ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu okunamandla, ubufakazi bamanje besayensi abusekeli ngokuqinile.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva kakhulu lwe-excursion ye-Laschamps lubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi luhambisane nokuwa kwe-magnetic field, okuvumela ukwanda kwemisebe yelanga ne-cosmic, okuthinta ungqimba lwe-ozone nokuguqula amaphethini wezulu. Nokho, abanye ososayensi abafana noGavin Schmidt weNASA bayakuveza lokho Alukho uxhumano oluqondile noluphelele olutholakele phakathi kokuguquguquka kazibuthe nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele..
Ngisho naseminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-2,8 edlule, abukho ubufakazi obucacile obuhlanganisa ukuguquguquka kwe-geomagnetic nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okubalulekile. Ukuze uthole ukujula kwemiphumela engaba khona yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, bheka Iyini imiphumela yokuthi amandla kazibuthe eLanga asezohlehla?.
I-magnetosphere: isihlangu sokuphila
Omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ye-magnetic field yilokho Isebenza njengesivikelo emisebeni ye-cosmic. Iphambukisa izinhlayiya ezinamandla ezivela elangeni nasemkhathini ojulile, ivikela umkhathi wethu, ikakhulukazi ungqimba lwe-ozone.
Uma lezi zinhlayiya zishayisana nomkhathi, zikhiqiza izinto ezibukekayo: izibani zasenyakatho neziseningizimu. Nakuba zizinhle, ziwumphumela wokusebenzelana okunamandla okuthi, ngaphandle kwamandla kazibuthe, kungaba yingozi ekuphileni. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi lawa ma-auroras akha kanjani, vakashela ukuthi izibani zasenyakatho zikhiqizwa kanjani.
Iqhaza lenkundla kazibuthe ekuzulazuleni nasemlandweni womuntu
Iminyaka engaphezu kuka-2.000, impucuko isebenzise amandla kazibuthe womhlaba ukuhambahamba. E-China, izakhiwo kazibuthe zamaminerali afana ne-magnetite zase zaziwa kakade. Kamuva izibalo ezinjengoWilliam Gilbert ekhulwini le-XNUMX zasiza ukuhlanganisa umqondo woMhlaba njengozibuthe omkhulu oyindilinga.
Ikhampasi, ekhomba enyakatho kazibuthe, ibibalulekile ekuhloleni, kwezohwebo, nasezindaweni zezwe. Nokho, njengoba inyakatho kazibuthe ayihambisani nenyakatho yezwe, umqondo we ukwehla kwamandla kazibuthe ukulungisa izilinganiso, okubalulekile nanamuhla, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwesistimu yedijithali. Ungafunda kabanzi ngokubaluleka kwalesi simo ekuzulazuleni esihlokweni esimayelana insimu kazibuthe yomhlaba.
Izinganekwane kanye nemibono yozungu mayelana nenkundla kazibuthe
Imibono eminingi engenasisekelo sesayensi isabalale ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ithi izinguquko kumandla kazibuthe zidala izinhlekelele, ukushabalala kwemvelo, noma ziyimbangela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kwamanje. Enye yale mibono yaziwa ngokuthi "Indaba ka-Adamu no-Eva," eyahlongozwa nguChan Thomas ngo-1965 futhi isanda kuvuselelwa ezisekelweni ezifana neTikTok.
Lo mbono uphakamisa ukuthi Ukuguqulwa kwe-geomagnetic kubangele ukushabalala kwayo yonke impucuko nokuthi sibhekene nesenzakalo esiseduze. Nokho, umphakathi wesayensi uyayichitha le mibono ngenxa yokuntula isisekelo esiqinile.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, uMhlaba unezinqubo zemvelo eziqhubeka nokuvikela impilo ngisho nangesikhathi sokushintsha kwezigxobo. Ngokwesibonelo, umkhathi uyaqhubeka uvala imisebe eminingi, nakuba amandla kazibuthe ebuthakathaka. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuthi inkambu kazibuthe isebenza kanjani kanye nemiphumela yayo, bheka isihloko esithi Iziphepho zasemkhathini kanye nensimu kazibuthe.
Ukubaluleka kwesayensi kanye nokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo
Ucwaningo lwensimu kazibuthe alusebenzi nje ukuqonda okwedlule, kodwa futhi lunakho izicelo zesimanje emivubukulweni, izimayini ngisho climatology. I-Magnetometry isetshenziselwa ukuthola amadiphozi amaminerali noma izakhiwo ezigqitshiwe ngokusebenzisa iziphazamiso ezincane ezibangela emkhakheni kazibuthe woMhlaba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i ukuqoshwa kazibuthe emadwaleni noma ezinhlangeni Kusivumela ukuthi sisungule izikhathi ze-geological chronologies futhi sifunde ukunyakaza kwe-tectonic, sinikeze idatha ebalulekile mayelana nokuvela koMhlaba kanye namazwekazi awo. Ngokuthuthuka kocwaningo lomkhathi, izimfihlo eziningi zeplanethi yethu ziye zadalulwa.
Ngenxa yemishini efana namasathelayithi e-Swarm eyethulwe yi-European Space Agency, sinolwazi oluningiliziwe ngokuhlukahluka kwenkundla, okusivumela ukuthi sibuyekeze ngokunembile imodeli yamagnetic yomhlaba.
Amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba, ngokungangabazeki, ayingxenye ebalulekile ekuqondeni kokubili ukusebenza kwamanje kweplanethi nomlando wayo. Imvelaphi yayo, esekelwe ekunyakazeni kwangaphakathi okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-nucleus, ikhiqiza isakhiwo esiguqukayo, esikwazi ukuguqula nokushintshashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa ngomsebenzi wokuvikela obalulekile empilweni. Nakuba ucwaningo lwayo lusaveza okungaziwa, intuthuko yesayensi iye yavumela izinganekwane eziningi ukuba zivalwe. Namuhla singaqinisekisa ukuthi, kunokuba kube uphawu lwenhlekelele, ukuguquka kokuziphatha kwamagnetic kungenye inkomba yokuphila okusebenzayo kweplanethi yethu.
