Cishe 66 izigidi zeminyaka, isenzakalo esiyinhlekelele sashintsha umlando woMhlaba unomphela. I-asteroid enkulu ishaye lokho manje osekuyiNhlonhlo yaseYucatan, okwadala uchungechunge lwemiphumela elimazayo eyaholela e- ukushabalala okukhulu kwama-dinosaurs kanye nenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezilwane. Lesi senzakalo saphawula ukuphela kweCretaceous kanye nokuqala kwenkathi entsha.
Umthelela we-asteroid chicxulub Ayigcinanga nje ngokudala i-crater engaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-180 ububanzi, kodwa futhi yabangela imililo emikhulu, ama-tsunami amakhulu, kanye nobusika bomhlaba wonke obuvimbe ukukhanya kwelanga izinyanga noma iminyaka. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, ucwaningo oluningi luye lwembula imininingwane ethakazelisayo ngalesi senzakalo, umsuka waso, nemiphumela yaso.
Umsuka we-Chicxulub asteroid
Isikhathi eside, imvelaphi eqondile ye-Chicxulub asteroid yahlala iyimfihlakalo. Nokho, ucwaningo lwakamuva lunqume ukuthi kwakuyi-a i-carbonaceous asteroid, kwakheka engxenyeni engaphandle yesimiso sonozungezilanga, ngale komjikelezo weJupiter. Lokhu kutholwe ngokuhlaziywa kwe-ruthenium isotopes kumasampuli asuka emngceleni we-K/Pg, ungqimba lwe-geological omaka ukushabalala okukhulu. Ukuze uqonde kangcono lezi zindikimba zasezulwini, ungabheka isihloko esithi yini ama-asteroids.
I-Ruthenium iyinsimbi engavamile emhlabeni kodwa ivamile kuma-meteorite. Ngokuqhathanisa ukwakheka kwe-isotopic yama-meteorite naleyo ye- impact strata, ososayensi bathola ukuthi isignesha yamakhemikhali I-Chicxulub impactor Yayihambisana ne-carbonaceous meteorites, ikhipha ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kwakuyinkanyezi enomsila.
Imiphumela esheshayo yomthelela
Umthelela we-asteroid ngokumelene nobuso boMhlaba ukhululiwe inani lamandla elilingana nezigidi zamamegathoni e-TNT. Igagasi lokushaqeka lidale ukuzamazama komhlaba okuyi-megathrust okuzwakale emhlabeni wonke futhi kwabangela amaphutha okwakheka komhlaba asabonakala ezingxenyeni ezimbalwa zomhlaba namuhla. Kulabo abanentshisekelo yobukhulu bezinhlekelele zasezulwini ezinjalo, isihloko sithi ama-meteorite nobudlelwano bawo nezinhlekelele kubalulekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushayisana kwakha inqwaba yemfucumfucu nothuli olwasakazekela emkhathini, lwavimba ukukhanya kwelanga futhi lwabangela ukupholisa okumangalisayo komhlaba. Lesi simo, esaziwa ngokuthi umthelela ebusika, kuthinte i-photosynthesis futhi kwashintsha uchungechunge lokudla emhlabeni wonke.
Ubudlelwano phakathi komthelela nokushabalala kwama-dinosaur
Umthelela weChicxulub ube yimbangela ye ukushabalala okukhulu yeCretaceous-Paleogene, lapho ama-dinosaurs anyamalala futhi cishe I-75% yezinhlobo zezilwane yeplanethi. Inhlanganisela yemililo yamahlathi, imvula eneasidi, nesimo sezulu esishintshe kakhulu kwabangela ukufa kwezinto eziningi eziphilayo. Ukuze uqonde kangcono le nqubo yokuqothulwa, kuhle ukufunda mayelana Ukuthi ama-dinosaurs ashabalala kanjani.
Izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezikwazile ukusinda, ikakhulukazi lezo ezazingakwazi ubusika noma ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezimbi kakhulu. Izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, ngokwesibonelo, zazikwazi ukukhosela emigodini futhi zidle izinsalela kwaze kwaba yilapho isimiso semvelo siqala ukusimama.
Ingabe kwakukhona enye i-asteroid ehilelekile?
Ucwaningo lwakamuva luveze ukuba khona kwe-crater UNadir, etholakala oLwandle i-Atlantic eduze neNtshonalanga Afrika. Le crater kukholakala ukuthi idalwe enye i-asteroid ethinteke ngesikhathi esisondelene kakhulu naleyo yeChicxulub. Lokhu okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi ukushabalala kwaba yinhlekelele kakhulu kunalokho okwakucatshangwa ngaphambili, cishe ngenxa yemithelela eminingi ethinta iplanethi ngesikhathi esifushane. Ukuze ujule esihlokweni, bona ulwazi ku ukushabalala okukhulu.
Umcimbi weChicxulub uyiguqule kanjani impilo eMhlabeni
Umthelela we-asteroid awubanganga nje kuphela ukushabalala okukhulu kwama-dinosaurs, kodwa futhi wavula indlela yokuvela kwezinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane. Ukunyamalala kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinkulu kwavumela izilwane ezincelisayo hlukanisa futhi uthathe izindawo ezingenalutho zemvelo. Umlando wempilo eMhlabeni uyathakazelisa futhi uxhumene nokwakhiwa kwamazwekazi afana I-Pangea, ethinta ukuhlukahluka kwamanje.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo nje iminyaka 700,000 Ngemva komthelela, umsebenzi webhayoloji endaweni ye-crater usubuyele emazingeni omthelela wangaphambili. Lokhu kuzalwa kabusha kokuphila kwaphawula ukuqala kwenkathi entsha yokuma kwezwe lapho izilwane ezincelisayo zaziyoba uhlobo oluvelele emhlabeni.
Lo mcimbi ubungomunye we iningi elidlulele emlandweni weplanethi, njengoba yavumela ukuthuthukiswa kokuphila njengoba sikwazi namuhla. Ngaphandle kwakhe Umthelela weChicxulub, kungenzeka ukuthi izibankwakazi zaziyobe zisabusa eMhlabeni nokuthi izilwane ezincelisayo zazingeke zizuze ukuvelela ezinakho namuhla.
