Namuhla, sincike kugesi cishe kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke. Lokhu kuphakamisa lo mbuzo: Ingabe besiyobe sikulungele ukubhekana nokuphila uma isiphepho selanga singagadla eMhlabeni? Impendulo iwukuthi bekuyoba inkimbinkimbi, ngaphandle kokungabaza. Nokho, ngenhlanhla, Akukho okukhombisa ukuthi into efana nalena izokwenzeka maduze nje.. Phezu kwalokhu, uMengameli waseMelika, uMnuz Barack Obama, useqalile ukusebenza izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuvikela ingqalasizinda ebalulekile yezwe ezenzakalweni zesimo sezulu sasemkhathini, kanye nemithelela engaba khona yeziphepho zelanga.
Kungani kubalulekile ukunaka iziphepho zelanga?
Kuzokwenzekani uma isiphepho selanga sifika eMhlabeni? Iplanethi izungezwe insimu kazibuthe, eyaziwa ngokuthi Amandla kazibuthe omhlaba noma inkambu ye-geomagnetic, esebenza njengesivikelo emiphumeleni yezinhlayiya zelanga. Le nsimu iyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokunyakaza kwensimbi encibilikisiwe enkabeni yoMhlaba. Ukushintsha okunjalo kubangela ukuthi i-geomagnetic north pole ishintshe kancane, into eyenzeka phakathi namakhulu ezinkulungwane zeminyaka, ngaphandle kokuthikameze amakhampasi ethu.
Kodwa kuthiwani ngeLanga? Inkanyezi yethu yenkosi inikeza ukukhanya, ukushisa, kanye nombukwane wemvelo ongavamile: izibani zasenyakatho. Nokho, ngezikhathi ezithile ziyenzeka iziphepho zelanga, okuwukuqhuma emkhathini welanga okukhipha izinhlayiya eziningi ezinamandla okusebenzisana kwazo nenkundla kazibuthe Yomhlaba kungaba nemiphumela ebalulekile. Nakuba zingenakuvinjelwa, kungenzeka bikezela lezi zenzakalo, ezivumela izinyathelo ezizothathwa ukunciphisa imiphumela yazo emibi Emhlabeni. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngale micimbi, ungavakashela ikhasi mayelana iziphepho zelanga, echaza umthelela wayo.
Imithelela yeziphepho zelanga kubuchwepheshe
Lapho isiphepho selanga sivela, singathinta kakhulu wonke umuntu ezokuxhumana ngogesi kanye nezinhlelo zokubeka indawo emhlabeni jikelele (GPS). I-inthanethi, ucingo, amanethiwekhi kagesi kanye namanye amasistimu kagesi angaba nokuphazamiseka okukhulu. Isimo siba nzima nakakhulu ukuthi ngo-1859, ngesikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi "I-Carrington Event," eyenzeka ngaphambi kwenkathi yedijithali, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwamanethiwekhi ocingo kwabikwa, okubonisa ukuthi umthelela wesenzakalo selanga ungaba yingozi, ngisho nangaphandle kobuchwepheshe besimanje. Namuhla, izingozi zinkulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ubheka ukwanda komsebenzi welanga.
Ukube bekungenzeka isenzakalo esifanayo namuhla, imiphumela ingaba yingozi kakhulu. Iziphepho zelanga zingaba nomthelela ku- amanethiwekhi kagesi, okubangela ukucisha kukagesi, namasathelayithi, okungase kuphazamise ukuxhumana nezinsiza zokuhamba. Ukuze ufunde ukuthi iziphepho zelanga zithuthuke kanjani muva nje, ungafunda mayelana isiphepho selanga esinamandla sangoMeyi 2024, eyagqama ngemiphumela yayo eyingozi kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nomthelela wako emphakathini.
Ukuhlukaniswa nokubikezela kweziphepho zelanga
Ukuhlukanisa ubukhulu beziphepho zelanga, i-NOAA isebenzisa isikali esaziwa ngokuthi yi- Isikali sika-G seziphepho ze-geomagnetic. Lesi sikali sisuka ku-G1 (esiphansi kakhulu) siye ku-G5 (esiphezulu). Umcimbi we-G1 ungabangela ama-aurora abonakalayo ezindaweni eziphakeme, kuyilapho umcimbi we-G5 ungase ubangele umonakalo omkhulu kwingqalasizinda kagesi namasistimu okuzulazula. Isibonelo sakamuva sesiphepho esibalulekile selanga senzeka ngoMeyi 10, 2024, ngenkathi i-NOAA ibika isiphepho selanga esifike ezingeni le-G5, saphazamisa izinsiza zokuxhumana ezihlukahlukene futhi sabangela ama-aurora abonakalayo ezindaweni ezingavamile, njengase-Spain. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngomthelela wale micimbi, vakashela ikhasi elithi iziphepho ze-geomagnetic, echaza imiphumela yako.
Imiphumela yeziphepho zelanga
Imiphumela engase ibe khona ngesikhathi nangemva kwesiphepho selanga ihlanganisa:
- Imiphumela ku- ezokuxhumana ngomsakazo, ezithinta izindiza nemikhumbi encike kulezi zimpawu.
- Ukuphazamiseka ezinhlelweni ze GPS, okungadala izinkinga ngokuzulazula kwemoto neselula.
- Izingozi kosomkhathi abasemkhathini, abachayeka emazingeni aphezulu emisebe phakathi kwalezi zenzakalo. Ukuze uqonde kangcono imisebe kulezi zimo, ungabheka isihloko esithi imisebe ebusweni bomhlaba.
- Izibani ezisenyakatho neziseningizimu ezingabonwa ezindaweni eziphansi kunokuvamile, njengoba kwenzekile ezenzakalweni ezedlule ezingabuyekezwa ngo izibani ezisenyakatho eSpain.
Solar Storm Ukulungiselela
Kubalulekile ukuthi bobabili abantu kanye nezinhlangano zikahulumeni zilungiselele ukunciphisa imiphumela yomcimbi welanga. Amanye amathiphu ahlanganisa:
- Hlala unolwazi: Ukuhlala uqaphela izexwayiso zesimo sezulu ezikhishwe ama-ejensi afana ne-NOAA kungakusiza ukuthi ulindele iziphepho zelanga kanye nomthelela wazo ongaba khona.
- Khipha izinto zikagesi: Ngesikhathi kunesiphepho selanga, kuyatuseka ukuthi ukhiphe amadivaysi azwelayo ekukhuphukeni kwamandla ukuze uwavikele. Kulo mongo, umuntu angafunda mayelana ukuthi ubuncane belanga buzothinta kanjani emhlabeni kanye nobudlelwano bawo nalezi zenzakalo.
- Lungiselela izinsiza zesimo esiphuthumayo: Qoqa ukudla okungaboli, amanzi, nemithi eyisisekelo uma kwenzeka kunqamuka ugesi isikhathi eside. Cabanga nangalokho okungenzeka iziphepho zasemkhathini okungase kuvele.
- Ukuhlela imisebenzi yangaphandle: Uma ufuna ukubona i-aurora, bheka izindawo ezikude nokungcola kokukhanya futhi ulungele ukushintsha izimo zezulu.
Kubalulekile ukuthi sonke sikulungele lokho okungenzeka isilinganiso solar okulindeleke phakathi kuka-2024 no-2026, njengoba kungase kwandise amathuba okulimaza iziphepho zelanga kanye nomthelela wazo engqalasizinda ebalulekile.
Ucwaningo olusha mayelana neziphepho zelanga
Muva nje, iqembu labacwaningi abavela eSodankylä Geophysical Observatory (SGO) kanye neNyuvesi yase-Oulu eFinland bakhombise ukuthi Iziphepho zelanga zinomthelela endaweni ngezinga elikhulu lomfutho kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambilini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinguquko zendawo endaweni kazibuthe kuze kube manje azikahlolwa. Ososayensi baphikisa ngokuthi inethiwekhi eminyene yama-magnetometers inganikeza izexwayiso zesifunda mayelana nokunyakaza kwesiphepho selanga, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukuvikeleka okungcono kwengqalasizinda ebucayi engase ilimale kakhulu, njengoba kuxoxiwe ocwaningweni lwakamuva.
Inethiwekhi yamanje yama-magnetometers ishoda kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezipholile. Lokhu kungase kubangele ukubukelwa phansi kokuphazamiseka kazibuthe wendawo, kukhawule umthamo wokuphendula ezehlakalweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi lezi zenzakalo zakhiwa kanjani, ungaphinda uthintane nesihloko esithi umoya welanga.
Kusukela kuqale umjikelezo welanga 25 ngo-2019, kubonakale ukwanda okukhulu komsebenzi welanga. Isikhungo se-NOAA's Space Weather Prediction silinganisela lokho isilinganiso solar kuzokwenzeka phakathi kwasekupheleni kuka-2024 nasekuqaleni kuka-2026. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi lokhu kungase kwenyuse amathuba okuba nemithelela ebalulekile eMhlabeni ngenxa yeziphepho zelanga ngenxa yenani elikhulayo lezinhlayiya ezinamandla ezikhishwayo, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kocwaningo. iziphepho zelanga ezidliwa ngabantu kanye nomthelela wako kubuchwepheshe bethu.
Ukwazi amandla eLanga okukhiqiza iziphepho ezonakalisayo zelanga, kubalulekile ukuthi umphakathi wesayensi uqhubeke nokucwaninga nokuqapha umsebenzi welanga. Imizamo efana ne I-Geospatial Dynamics Constellation Ithimba le-NASA lifuna ukubona nokulinganisa umthelela walezi zivunguvungu emkhathini woMhlaba. Lokhu kuzovumela ososayensi ukuthi baqonde kangcono ukuthi isimo sezulu sasemkhathini siyithonya kanjani impilo yansuku zonke nengqalasizinda ebalulekile, futhi kusize ukuphatha imicimbi efana ne-.
