Umhlaba, ikhaya lethu endaweni yonke enkulukazi, uwukuphela kweplanethi eyaziwayo enokuphila. Okwakhe okungavamile ukwehluka y ubunzima ikwenze kube isihloko esithakazelisayo kubahloli bamazwe, ososayensi kanye nabantu abanelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi babo bonke ubudala. Kusukela ezicini zayo ezingokomzimba kuya ezinqubweni zayo zokuma komhlaba kanye nomoya wayo ovikelayo, iplanethi yethu iyibhokisi lezimanga elihlala lisimema ukuthi sihlole okwengeziwe.
Kulesi sihloko, sizocwilisa ku- curiosities okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu emhlabeni. Sizokhuluma ngabo ukunyakaza, ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali, izici ezeqisayo zendawo kanye phenomena geological ezeyisa umcabango wethu. Lungela uhambo olugcwele ukutholwa futhi uthole imininingwane okungenzeka ubungayazi mayelana nekhaya lethu elimangalisayo.
Umhlaba: Indilinga ecishe iphelele
Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, uMhlaba awuyona imbulunga ephelele. Inomumo owaziwa ngokuthi yi-oblate spheroid, okusho ukuthi inciphe kancane ezigxotsheni futhi inwetshiwe enkabazwe. Lesi simo sibangelwa amandla e-centrifugal akhiqizwa ukujikeleza kweplanethi.
Ububanzi benkabazwe boMhlaba bucishe bube 12.756 amakhilomitha, kuyilapho ububanzi be-polar bumayelana Ngamakhilomitha angama-43 ngaphansi. Lo mehluko, nakuba umncane, unemithelela kumandla adonsela phansi kanye nokusabalalisa komkhathi.
Iplanethi yamanzi
Umhlaba waziwa ngokuthi "iplanethi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" njengoba cishe ama-70% awo akhiwe ubuso bawo bumbozwe ngamanzi. Lo mthombo obalulekile utholakala ezilwandle, olwandle, emifuleni, emachibini nasezinguzunga zeqhwa. Nokho, 2.5% kuphela ala manzi masha, futhi kuleli nani, ingxenye enkulu ivaleleke ezingqimbeni zeqhwa nezinguzunga zeqhwa.
Enye ilukuluku ukuthi amanzi eMhlabeni atholakala kuwo estados: okuqinile, okuwuketshezi kanye negesi. Le bhalansi ibalulekile emijikelezweni yezinto eziphilayo kanye nesimo sezulu somhlaba wonke.
Ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo
Ukuzungeza komhlaba akuthathi ncamashi amahora angama-24. Eqinisweni, usuku lwayo lwe-sidereal lunesikhathi samahora angama-23, imizuzu engama-56 nemizuzwana emi-4. Lokhu kulungiswa kuqedwa ukuzungeza kweplanethi iLanga, okuholela osukwini lwelanga lelanga Amahora we-24.
Ngaphezu kokujikeleza kwawo kwansuku zonke, Umhlaba wenza umnyakazo wokuhumusha uzungeze iLanga njalo Izinsuku ze-365.25. Ukuze kulungiswe le ngxenyana yosuku, sengeza usuku olwengeziwe ekhalendeni njalo eminyakeni emine, olwaziwa ngokuthi unyaka we-leap.
Umkhathi: Isihlangu esivikelayo
Umkhathi womhlaba ubalulekile empilweni. Ikakhulukazi yakhiwe I-nitrogen (77%) y umoya-mpilo (21%), ephelezelwa amanye amagesi ngezilinganiso ezincane. Isebenza njengesivikelo emisebeni eyingozi kanye nama-meteoroids, ngaphezu kokulawula izinga lokushisa ngomphumela we-greenhouse.
I-Kármán Line, etholakala cishe Amakhilomitha angu-100 ukuphakama, iphawula ukuguquka kusuka emkhathini kuya emkhathini ongaphandle. Ngale kwaleli phuzu, ukuminyana komoya kuncipha kakhulu, futhi izinhlayiya zingabalekela endaweni engenalutho yesikhala.
Izenzakalo ze-geological eziyingqayizivele
Amapuleti e-Tectonic ahamba. Umhlaba ukuphela kweplanethi eyaziwa nge amapuleti e-tectonic asebenzayo. Lezi zingcwecwe zintanta phezu kwengubo yoMhlaba, okubangela ukuzamazama komhlaba, izintaba-mlilo kanye nokwakheka kwezintaba.
Esinye isenzakalo esimangalisayo se-geological senzeka e-Racetrack Playa e-California. Lapha, okubizwa ngokuthi "amadwala ahambayo" ahamba yedwa ngenxa yenhlanganisela yeqhwa nomoya, eshiya imikhondo ebusweni.
I-geography ephezulu
Indawo ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni i-Mount Everest, ofinyelela ukuphakama Amamitha angu-8.848 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Ngokuphambene, iphoyinti elijule kakhulu elaziwayo liseMseleni waseMariana, ikakhulukazi ku-Challenger Deep, nokujula okungaba cishe. Amamitha angu-10.994.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indawo eshisa kakhulu erekhodiwe ise-El Azizia, eLibya, lapho amazinga okushisa afinyelelwa khona Ama-57.8 degrees Celsius. Kwesinye ngokwedlulele, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lalotshwa e-Antarctica, nge -89.2 degrees Celsius.
Iplanethi egcwele ukuphila
Umhlaba uyikhaya lezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlaba umxhwele. Kusukela kumagciwane asendaweni ejulile ye-biosphere kuya ezihlahleni ezinkulu zamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo, wonke amagumbi agcwele ukuphila. Kuyamangaza ukuthi kulinganiselwa ukuthi sibhale kuphela ikhathalogi 20% yazo zonke izinhlobo ezikhona.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-phytoplankton olwandle ikhiqiza phakathi 50% futhi i 85% womoya-mpilo weplanethi, obonisa ukubaluleka kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle.
Imisindo nezibonwayo
I-Northern Lights kanye ne-Southern Lights ingumbukwane oyingqayizivele. Lezi zibani zikhiqizwa ukusebenzisana komoya welanga nensimu kazibuthe yomhlaba, okudala umdlalo ohlaba umxhwele imibala esibhakabhakeni esimhlophe.
Enye ilukuluku ukuthi uthingo lwenkosazana empeleni imibuthano egcwele. Indlela esizibona ngayo incike emkhathizwe, okunciphisa ukubona kwethu endaweni eyisiyingi.
Iplanethi eguquguqukayo neguqukayo
Umhlaba neNyanga zinobudlelwano obukhethekile. Umjikelezo weNyanga uzinzisa i-eksisi Yomhlaba yokuzungeza, okuthonya amagagasi nezinkathi zonyaka. Ngaphandle kwale sathelayithi yemvelo, ubude bosuku eMhlabeni bebungalunga Amahora we-6.
Umhlaba uyisibonelo esiphilayo sokuthi izinqubo zemvelo, ukuhlukahluka kanye nokusebenzelana nendawo ezungezile kubangela kanjani iplanethi egcwele ukuphila nezimangaliso. Kusukela ekujuleni kolwandle kuye eziqongweni zezintaba, wonke amagumbi anezindaba ezisalinde ukuxoxwa.