Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nemiphumela yako emibi kunomthelela omkhulu ezolimo cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye namagumbi omhlaba. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sibhekene nalezi zinselele, ubuchwepheshe buvela njengomhlanganyeli obalulekile ekulweni nemiphumela yabo. Ngenxa yezinqubo ezintsha ezihlukahlukene, abalimi banamathuluzi esimanje abavumela ukuthi, okungenani okwamanje, bavumelane futhi banciphise imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zamaselula, ngokwesibonelo, zithuthukile ukuze zinikeze izixazululo ezingokoqobo ezingadingi uxhumano lwe-inthanethi, okuvumela abalimi abancane ukuthi bazilungiselele kangcono ukubhekana nezimo zezulu ezimbi. Ingabe ubuchwepheshe besimanje Zibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuphathwa kwezitshalo nezinsiza, futhi zigxile ekwandiseni ukusebenza kahle kwezinqubo zezolimo. Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bezolimo, ukuqina kwezitshalo kuyathuthukiswa, ikakhulukazi esimweni lapho ukujwayela izitshalo ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu kubalulekile.
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje
Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kwezolimo iye yashesha futhi ihloselwe ukuthuthukisa amakhono okulima kanye nokuvumelana nezimo ezihlukahlukene ezibangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Isibonelo esiphawulekayo yilesi Uhlelo Lwesixwayiso Sokuhlanzeka Ne-Phytosanitary seMesoamerica (Siatma), esivele yamukelwe amazwe afana neGuatemala, iPanama neNicaragua. Lolu hlelo luhlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile ezindabeni ezithinta imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, njengekhofi, ngokuhlaziywa okuphelele kwedatha yezinambuzane, izinhlelo zokunisela, nezinye izidingo zezolimo. Ukuqaliswa kwe ubuchwepheshe ezindaweni ezisengozini njengoba iMedithera iyisibonelo esihle salokhu.
Ngemojula yewebhu ye-Siatma, ukulethwa kwedatha kwenziwa lula, okuqinisekisa ukuthi abalimi bangakwazi ukuthola ulwazi olufanele ngokushesha nakalula. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi ngesikhathi, ukwenza ngcono ukukhiqizwa kwazo kanye nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ngenxa yezinambuzane noma izimo zezulu ezimbi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu esimweni lapho i- isomiso kungaba yingozi ezitshalweni, okwenza kudingeke ukuthi kusetshenziswe izitshalo ezijwayele lezi zimo.
Imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ekulinyweni kwekhofi ikhathaza kakhulu. Izifo eziwumshayabhuqe, njenge ukugqwala kwekhofi, ziye zanda ngenxa yokushintsha kwezimo zezulu, ezingakhuthazi nje kuphela ukungaqhakazi kwezitshalo, kodwa futhi nemijikelezo yesikhunta ethinta izinga kanye nenani lesivuno. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngabakwa I-FAO eRoma igqamisa ukubaluleka kokubhekana nalezi zinkinga ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanele engasiza abakhiqizi behlise ukuba sengozini kwabo kulezi zinsongo, njengoba kubonakala ekuhlaziyweni kwe isithwathwa nezinye izinkathazo.
Imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kulinywa ikhofi
Ngesikhathi somhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi obubanjelwe ePanama mayelana Nezinqubo Ezintsha Zokuphathwa Okudidiyelwe Kwezingcuphe ze-Agro-Sanitary Ezihambisana Nokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu, kwaxoxwa ngobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obungase busetshenziswe ukuze kulungiselelwe abalimi nemiphakathi yabo izimo ezibucayi. Umgomo uwukunciphisa ubungozi ngokufinyelela kalula kudatha nolwazi, njengalolo olungatholwa ngalo imbewu ephikisana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela umthelela we imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ezifundeni ezahlukene.
Amathrendi kubuchwepheshe bezolimo
Inguquko yedijithali isifinyelele kwezolimo, ihlinzeka ngamathuluzi asiza ukuguqula izindlela zokulima nezindlela zokukhiqiza ukudla. Ezolimo ze ukunemba Kuwumkhuba osafufusa ogxile ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe bedijithali ukwenza ngcono ukukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle kwezolimo. Ngokusebenzisa amasistimu wolwazi lwendawo (i-GIS) kanye nobuchwepheshe be-global positioning (GPS), abalimi bangathola imininingwane eningilizayo mayelana nemvelo yabo, okubavumela ukuba benze izinqumo ezinolwazi. Le ndlela futhi iwukhiye ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye nokuphathwa kwemithombo esimeme.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i ukuhlakanipha okufakelwayo isiqala ukudlala indima ebalulekile kwezolimo zesimanje, isiza ekuqoqweni nasekuhlaziyeni imininingwane engaholela ekuphathweni okungcono kwezinsiza zezolimo. Izinzwa zomswakama, isibonelo, zivumela ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kwezimo zenhlabathi, ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamanzi nokunye okokufaka, okubalulekile kumongo we ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lolu lwazi lungasiza futhi ukubikezela ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa lokho kungase kuthinte ukukhiqizwa.
Iqhaza lezolimo olunembayo
Ukulima okunembayo akugcini nje ekwenzeni ngcono umkhiqizo kuphela; Ngokusebenzisa amasu athuthukile, afana nokusebenzisa ama-drones ukuhlola emoyeni nokuqapha izitshalo, abalimi bangakwazi ukuhlonza izinkinga zezitshalo. izinambuzane noma izifo ngaphambi kokuba zibe yizinkinga. Le ndlela ibalulekile ekuphishekeleni izinqubo ezizinzile ezinciphisa umthelela wemvelo, ngokuhambisana nalokho okukhuthazwa yimithethonqubo emisha yezolimo.
Esinye sezibonelo eziphawuleka kakhulu kwezolimo olunembayo ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-VRA (Variable Rate Application), obuvumela inani likamanyolo nezibulala-zinambuzane ezifakelwe ukuthi zilungiswe ngokuvumelana izidingo ezithile endaweni ngayinye yensimu. Lobu buchwepheshe abugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa izivuno zezitshalo kodwa futhi kunciphisa umthelela wemvelo ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamakhemikhali nokusiza abalimi ukuthi baqine kakhudlwana, isici esibalulekile lapho bebhekene nokwanda kwenani labantu emhlabeni wonke kanye nesidingo sokukhiqiza ukudla okwanele.
Izinselelo namathuba esimeni sokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu
Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni liqhubeka likhula, nesidingo sokudla siyakhula. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi kuzodingeka cishe isigidi. 70% ngaphezulu yokukhiqizwa kokudla ngonyaka wezi-2050. Nokho, lokhu kwanda kufanele kuzuzwe ngenkathi kugcinwa indlela eqhubekayo ecabangela imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ukufuna amasu asebenzayo kuyisisekelo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuqapha kubalulekile ukubhekana nalezi zinselele.
Umthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, okuhlanganisa isomiso, izikhukhula kanye izinguquko emazingeni okushisa, kuyinselele njalo kubalimi. Ukuzivumelanisa nalezi zimo akubandakanyi nje kuphela ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, kodwa nokuhlolwa kabusha kwezinqubo zendabuko zezolimo. Ucwaningo nentuthuko emkhakheni wezolimo kubalulekile ukuze kutholwe izixazululo ezintsha ezivumela abalimi ukuthi baqine kakhudlwana, udaba oluhlobene nesidingo ukubhekana nesomiso eSpain.
Izitshalo ezingazweli kanye nezixazululo ezintsha
Elinye lamasu okulwa nezimo zezulu ezimbi ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ezikwazi ukumelana nezimo. Ukuqamba okusha ekuzaleni izitshalo kuvumela ukudalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezingakwazi ukubekezelela izimo ezimbi kakhulu, njenge isomiso noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwe-biotechnology luyenziwa ukuze kube lula ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ezinezici ezifiselekayo. Lokhu kuyingxenye yendlela ebanzi ehlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zokujwayela isimo sezulu esishintshayo nokuthi lokhu kungenziwa kanjani ngempumelelo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubambisana phakathi kwabacwaningi, abalimi, namabhizinisi kuyisihluthulelo sokukhuthaza indawo yokusebenzisana ekhuthaza ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe obusha nezindlela ezizinzile. Ukuqaliswa kwe izindlela zokuvuselela ezolimo, ngokwesibonelo, kunomthelela empilweni yenhlabathi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okubuye kuthuthukise ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo. Lokhu kubalulekile ukulindela nokuvimbela imiphumela ye ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba.
Imibono yesikhathi esizayo
Ikusasa lezolimo esimweni sokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu lizoncika emandleni abalimi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo. Izinkundla zokuhlaziya idatha yesathelayithi, njenge-EOSDA Crop Monitoring, zishintsha indlela abalimi abaphatha ngayo izitshalo zabo, ngokuhlinzeka ulwazi olubalulekile ukubavumela ukuthi benze izinguquko ezinolwazi ekuphathweni komhlaba wabo. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze siqhubekele emikhubeni esimeme futhi enesibopho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqwashisa okukhulayo ngomthelela wemvelo kwezolimo kanye nesidingo sezinqubo ezisimeme kuqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo. izinqubomgomo zezolimo kugxile kakhulu ekusimameni. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza kuzobaluleka ekuqinisekiseni ukutholakala kokudla emhlabeni onezinsiza ezilinganiselwe, isici esihlobene ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nemiphumela yako.
Ngemfundo nokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, abalimi bazohlonyiswa kangcono ukubhekana nezinselele ababhekana nazo. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kanye nezinqubo eziqhubekayo eziqhubekayo kwezolimo kubalulekile ekuzuzeni hhayi kuphela ukuzivumelanisa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, kodwa futhi nokunciphisa imiphumela yako esikhathini esizayo. Le mizamo ibalulekile enhlalakahleni yomphakathi wezolimo.
Izixazululo zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinqubo ezintsha zinganikeza abalimi izindlela zokuchuma endaweni eshintshayo, baqinisekise hhayi nje impumelelo yabo siqu, kodwa futhi nokuphila kahle kwemiphakathi kanye neplanethi yonkana. Emhlabeni lapho izinselelo zemvelo zanda kakhulu, ukwamukela ubuchwepheshe obufanele kuzoba ukhiye ekuqinisekiseni ikusasa elisimeme lezolimo.
Ezolimo, ngokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe, zibhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu, kodwa futhi ziveza amathuba okusebenza kahle kakhulu nokusimama. Abalimi basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obungagcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukusinda kwabo, kodwa futhi bubambe iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni impilo yeplanethi nezwe. ukuphepha kokudla emhlabeni wonke.
