Umphumela wokushisa

Umphumela wokushisa Yinto cishe wonke umuntu azwile ngayo namuhla. Abaningi baphikisa ngokuthi umphumela we-greenhouse ubangela ukuba amazinga okushisa embulungeni anyuke kanye nemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu yande. Kuphinde kuhlobane nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Kodwa ingabe bayawazi ngempela umsebenzi we-greenhouse effect, ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani, nokuthi unamiphi imiphumela ngeplanethi?

Ngaphambi kokuchaza ukuthi uthini umphumela wokushisa kwendlu, ngizokwenza isitatimende ukuze ufunde lokhu ngokubaluleka okufanele kube nakho: "Ngaphandle komthelela wokubamba ukushisa, impilo ibingeke ibe khona namuhla njengoba sazi ngoba bekungeke kwenzeke". Lokho kushiwo, ngiyethemba kunokubaluleka okukufanele.

Incazelo Yomphumela Wokushisa Okushisa

Okubizwa nge- "greenhouse effect" kuqukethe ukukhula kwezinga lokushisa kweplanethi okubangelwa isenzo seqembu elithile lamagesi, amanye awo akhiqizwa kakhulu ngumuntu, adonsa imisebe ye-infrared, ebangela ukushisa komhlaba kanye nengxenye engezansi yongqimba oluzungezile lomkhathi. Kungenxa yalo mphumela we-greenhouse ukuthi ukuphila eMhlabeni kungenzeka, njengoba, ngaphandle kwawo, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lingaba cishe -88 degrees. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi lesi simo siwuthinta kanjani umhlaba, funda isihloko sethu yini edala umphumela we-greenhouse.

Ayini amagesi abamba ukushisa?

Amagesi abizwa ngokuthi yi-greenhouse gases noma ama-greenhouse gases, anesibopho somphumela ochazwe ngenhla, yi:

• Umhwamuko wamanzi (H2O)
• I-Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• I-Methane (CH4)
• Ama-nitrogen oxides (NOx)
• I-Ozone (O3)
• AmaChlorofluorocarbons (CFCartificial)

Nakuba wonke (ngaphandle kwama-CFC) engokwemvelo, kusukela ngeNguquko Yezimboni futhi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi emisebenzini yezimboni nezokuthutha, kuye kwaba nokwanda okukhulu kwenani lamagesi akhishelwa emkhathini. Isici sala magesi abamba ukushisa ukuthi gcina ukushisa, ngakho ukugcwala kwala magesi emkhathini kuyancipha ukushisa. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini ebangela umphumela we-greenhouse, ungabheka.

Konke kubhebhethekiswa ukuba khona kwezinye izinto ezenziwa abantu, njengokugawulwa kwamahlathi, okuye kwanciphisa amandla okuvuselela umkhathi ukuze kuqedwe isikhutha, okuyimbangela eyinhloko yomphumela obamba ukushisa, njengoba kuyisona sikhutha esikhishwa kabanzi kunazo zonke namuhla. Uma ufuna ukuqonda imiphumela yokufudumala komhlaba, ungafunda kabanzi mayelana imiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke.

Umhwamuko wamanzi

Umhwamuko wamanzi (H2O) ngu umnikeli omkhulu kunabo bonke emvelweni wokushisa kwendalo futhi yiyona exhunyaniswe ngqo nesimo sezulu, ngakho-ke, ilawulwa ngokuqondile imisebenzi yabantu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuhwamuka kuxhomeke kakhulu ekushiseni komhlaba (okungashintshi neze okwenziwa ngumuntu, uma sibheka izindawo ezinkulu), nangenxa yokuthi umhwamuko wamanzi udlula emkhathini ngemijikelezo eshesha kakhulu, ehlala isikhathi ngasinye. isigamu sinye njalo ezinsukwini eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye.

Isikhutha

ICarbon dioxide (CO2) isiza uMhlaba ukuthi ube nokushisa okuhlala kuwo, inqobo nje uma ukuhlushwa kwawo kuhlala ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile. Ngaphandle kwe-carbon dioxide, uMhlaba ubungaba yiqhwa, kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukweqisa kuvimbela ukuphuma kokushisa emkhathini futhi kubangele ukufudumala ngokweqile kweplanethi. Isuka kuyo yomibili imithombo yemvelo (ukuphefumula, ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo, ukushiswa kwamahlathi emvelo) kanye nemithombo ye-anthropogenic (ukushiswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi, izinguquko ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba (ikakhulukazi ukugawulwa kwamahlathi), ukushiswa kwe-biomass, imisebenzi yezimboni, njll.). Ukuze uqonde kangcono umthelela we-greenhouse effect, ngikumema ukuthi ufunde mayelana imvelaphi yayo ye-anthropogenic kanye nomthelela wayo.

Inkomba yegesi ebamba ukushisa liye landa kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, okwenza le nkinga ibe nzima nakakhulu.

IMethane

Kuyinto eyenzeka ngesimo segesi emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile kanye nezingcindezi. Ayinambala futhi ayincibiliki neze emanzini esigabeni sayo soketshezi. Ama-60% wokukhishwa kwawo emhlabeni wonke inemvelaphi ye-anthropogenic, ikakhulukazi evela emisebenzini yezolimo nakweminye imisebenzi yabantu. Yize futhi kuvela ekuhlukeni kukadoti wemvelo, imithombo yemvelo, ukukhishwa kwamafutha ezimbiwa, njll. Ezimweni lapho kungekho-oxygen.

Ama-nitrogen oxide

Ama-nitrogen oxides (NOX) angamagesi we-nitrogen ne-oxygen akhiwa kwifomu le- ukushisa oksijini okweqile namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Zikhishelwa emoyeni kusuka ekuqothulweni kwezimoto (ikakhulukazi idizili nokushisa okushisayo), kusuka ekushiseni kwamalahle, uwoyela, noma igesi yemvelo, futhi ngesikhathi sezinqubo ezifana nokushisela i-arc, i-electroplating, i-metal etching, ne-dynamite detonation. .

Ozone

I-Ozone (O3), lapho kushisa kakhulu futhi kuyingcindezi, igesi engenambala futhi enephunga elibi, okungathi lapho inani elikhulu likwazi ukuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Impahla yayo eyinhloko ukuthi i-oxidant enamandla kakhulu, yaziwa kakhulu ngendima ebalulekile eyidlalayo emkhathini. I-ozone yeStratospheric isebenza njengesihlungi esithi ayikuvumeli kudlule imisebe eyingozi ye-UV ebusweni bomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, uma i-ozone ikhona engxenyeni ephansi kakhulu yomkhathi (i-troposphere), ingadala, ngokuhlunga okwanele, ukulimala kohlaza.

Ama-CFC

Ama-chlorofluorocarbon, awaziwa nangokuthi ama-CFC, atholakala kuma-hydrocarbon futhi, ngenxa yokuqina kwawo okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali omzimba, asetshenziswe kabanzi njengezipholisi, izinto zokucima kanye ne-propellants yama-aerosols. Ukwenziwa nokusetshenziswa kwama-chlorofluorocarbon kwakungavunyelwe yi- Iphrothokholi yaseMontreal, ngoba bahlasela ungqimba lwe-ozone ngokusebenzisa i-photochemical reaction. Ithani elilodwa lama-CFC lizokhiqiza umthelela wokufudumala kwembulunga yonke eminyakeni eyikhulu kulandela ukuphuma kwalo emkhathini okulingana nezikhathi ezingama-4000 inani elifanayo lesikhutha (i-CO2).

Imiphumela yomphumela wokwanda kokushisa kokushisa

Njengoba sesibonile, umthelela wokushisa okushisayo akuyona "embi" kule filimu, kodwa ukwanda kwayo okuqhubekayo. Njengoba imisebenzi yabantu yanda, sibona ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kukhula kanjani nokuthi isikhathi ngasinye kanjani khulisa okuningi isilinganiso samazinga okushisa eplanethi. Lokhu kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu emvelweni nakubantu kanye nendlela yabo yokuphila. Ukuze uqonde kangcono imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu esizayo, ngincoma ukufunda lesi sihloko imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu esizayo.

Imiphumela engabangelwa umphumela wokushisa okushisayo yilena:

• Ukwanda kokushisa okujwayelekile kweplanethi.
• Ukwanda kwesomiso kwezinye izindawo nezikhukhula kwezinye.
• Imvamisa ephakeme yokwakheka kwesiphepho.
• Ukuncibilika okuqhubekayo kwamakepisi asezindaweni eziphakeme, ngokukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle.
• Ukwanda kwezulu ezingeni lamaplanethi (kuzokuna izinsuku ezimbalwa nokuningi ngamandla).
• Khulisa inani lezinsuku ezishisayo, ezihunyushwe kumaza okushisa.
• Ukubhujiswa kwemvelo.

Nabasanda kusayina Isivumelwano saseParis Amazwe asayigunyazile ahlose ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa emkhathini, ukuze asize ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Umphakathi wezesayensi wenze izifundo eziningana lapho kuphethwa khona ukuthi uma amazinga okushisa aphakathi komhlaba ekhuphuka ngaphezu kwama-degree Celsius amabili, imiphumela ingahlehli. Kungakho sebebeke ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-CO2 emhlabeni ngo-400 ppm. Kuze kube manje, lokhu kuhlushwa sekwedlule iminyaka emibili ilandelana.

Imiphumela emibi yamagesi abamba ukushisa kubantu

I-NO2 ingadala imiphumela empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yabantu, idale ukucasuka kumucu wamakhala futhi ilimaze uhlelo lokuphefumula ngokungena ezindaweni ezijulile zamaphaphu, nangokunikela ekwakheni imvula eneasidi. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalesi simo, bheka isihloko sethu imiphumela yemvula ene-asidi.

Ngokwengxenye yayo, i-SO2 isabela ngamanzi asemkhathini ukukhiqiza imvula ene-asidi, icasula amafinyila namehlo, futhi ibangele ukukhwehlela lapho ihogelwa. Imvula ene-asidi ingaba nemiphumela yezempilo engaqondile, njengoba amanzi ane-asidi ekwazi ukuncibilikisa izinsimbi nezinto ezinobuthi ezivela enhlabathini, emadwaleni, emapayipini, nasemapayipini, abese ezifaka ezimisweni zamanzi okuphuza, abangele ubuthi. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokwenzeka kwemvula ene-asidi, bheka lesi sihloko ku.

Imvula ye-asidi

Umphumela oyinhloko wala magesi emvelweni yemvelo yimvula ene-asidi. Isimo semvula ene-asidi (kufaka phakathi iqhwa, inkungu namazolo ane-asidi) kunemiphumela emibi emvelweni, ngoba ayithinti kuphela ikhwalithi yamanzi, kodwa nenhlabathi, imvelo futhi, ikakhulukazi ezimileni. Omunye umphumela wemvula ene-asidi ukwanda kwe- ubumuncu bamanzi ahlanzekile futhi ngenxa yalokho ukwanda kwezinsimbi ezisindayo ezinobuthi obudala ukugqashuka kwamaketanga e-trophic kanye nenqubo yokuzala yezinhlanzi, okulahla imifula namachibi ekwehleni okuncane kodwa okungenakwenzeka kwezilwane zabo.

Imvula ene-acid nayo iba nemiphumela emibi ngaphakathi kwendawo yasemadolobheni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubola kwezakhiwo, ukonakala kwamatshe ababhishobhi nezinye izikhumbuzo zomlando, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthanda kohlelo lokuphefumula kubantu, osekuvele kushiwo .

I-athikili ehlobene:

Yini imvula eneasidi?

Intuthu yamakhemikhali

Omunye umphumela wamagesi e-acid into eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-smog; okuyi-Anglicism eyakhiwe kusukela ekuhlanganyeleni kwamagama athi intuthu (intuthu) nenkungu (inkungu) uhlobo lokungcola komoya okuvela ekufakweni kwentuthu enkungwini (kusuka kwesinye i-aerosol kuya kwesinye i-aerosol). Intuthu empunga noma intuthu yezimboni ukungcola komoya okukhiqizwa yi umusi nesibabule. Umthombo oyinhloko wesisi esingcolisayo esibangela intuthu empunga ukushiswa kwamalahle, okungaba nesibabule esiningi. Kukhona intuthu ye-photochemical evela ezintweni eziqukethe i-nitrogen nentuthu ephuma ezimotweni, exutshwe ngaphansi kwemiphumela yemisebe yelanga, ekhiqiza igesi ye-ozone, enobuthi obukhulu. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalesi simo, ungafunda mayelana ukushisa isiqhingi umphumela.

Yini esingayenza ukunciphisa umphumela wokushisa?

Ukukhishwa kwegesi kumele kulawulwe ezikalini ezimbili ezihlukene, kuye ngokuthi kubhekiselwa ekukhishweni kwezimoto noma ezimbonini nje jikelele. Ukuze siqonde ukuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kusithinta kanjani, kubalulekile ukucabangela umsuka wayo.

Izinjini zamaloli nezimoto zingumthombo obaluleke kakhulu walezi zingcolisi. Ukwehlisa ukukhishwa, kuhle ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuvikela nokuhlanza amagesi akhishwa yinjini ngaphambi kokuthi adedelwe angene emkhathini. Ungafaka isandla ekwehliseni umphumela wokushisa okushisayo ngalezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Sebenzisa izithuthi zomphakathi eziningi, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili noma ukuhamba ngezinyawo.
• Sebenzisa izinjini ezinobuchwepheshe obungcolisa kakhulu, isibonelo, izinjini ezifaka izibaseli zamanje ngamafutha angcolisayo amancane, isibonelo, igesi yemvelo, i-alcohol, i-hydrogen noma ugesi.
• Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinjini ukuze kwenziwe amakhilomitha amaningi ngamalitha kaphethiloli ambalwa
• Shintsha injini ukuze kunciphe ukukhishwa kwayo.
• Khulisa amanani nezintela okufanele zingakhokhwa yizimoto ezingcolisa kakhulu futhi zikhuthaze ushintsho lwazo ezintsha. Lokhu kuzokhuthaza abenzi bezimoto ukuthi banciphise ukungcola futhi bakhuthaze abathengi ukuthi bathenge izimoto ezihlanzayo.
• Dala izindawo zabahamba ngezinyawo ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni futhi, ngokujwayelekile, unqande ukusakazwa kwezimoto ezizimele kwezinye izindawo zamadolobha.

Ngalokhu ungafunda kabanzi ngalo mphumela osigcina siphila kodwa futhi kubalulekile ukuwugcina usesilinganisweni esizinzile esanele ukuze ukwanda kwawo kungabangeli izinhlekelele zesimo sezulu.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Imiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu esikhathini esizayo: Yini esingayilindela?