Ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke sisebenzisa imikhiqizo eyenza ukuphila kwethu kube ntofontofo; Kodwa-ke, eminye yale mikhiqizo iyingozi kakhulu empilweni yethu nasemvelweni, enye yezinto ezidume kabi ngama-aerosol.
Ama-Aerosols Ziyizinhlayiya ezincane ezilenga emoyeni, futhi nakuba zingase zibonakale zingenabungozi, zine umthelela omkhulu esimweni sezulu somhlaba. Eqinisweni, ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi ama-aerosol angathonya kakhulu ukwakheka kwamafu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokushisa lomkhathi. Ukuze uqonde lesi simo, kubalulekile ukutadisha ukubaluleka kwamafu ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu nokuthi zithinta kanjani ukuqonda kwethu ibhalansi yamandla asemhlabeni.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngenxa yentaba-mlilo yase-Iceland, singaqonda kangcono ukuthi ama-aerosols asithinta kanjani isimo sezulu somhlaba. Phakathi kuka-1783 no-1784, intaba-mlilo Holuhraun E-Iceland, ngoqhekeko lwayo lwaseLaki, yakhipha inqwaba ye-sulphur dioxide, ikhiqiza ikholomu yezinhlayiya phezu kolwandle. I-North Atlantic. Lawa ma-aerosol emvelo abe nomthelela oyingqayizivele kusayizi wamaconsi wamafu, anciphisa usayizi wawo ngaphandle kokwandisa inani lamanzi kuwo. Lokhu kuphenywe yithimba le Inyuvesi yase-Exeter, okutholwe kwakhe kwashicilelwa kujenali Nature.
Ucwaningo Ihlinzeka ngedatha efanele engasiza ekunciphiseni ukungaqiniseki ekuqageleni kwesimo sezulu esizayo ngokuchaza umthelela we-sulfate aerosols ophuma ezimbonini ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Le ndlela ibalulekile, uma kubhekwa ukuthi ama-aerosol akumele aqondwe nje kuphela njengokungcola, kodwa njengama-ejenti wesimo sezulu anomthelela ohlelweni loMhlaba. Isibonelo esicacile salokhu ukuthi i- intuthu yokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kuthonya izimo zomkhathi, isihloko esingabuye sihlobane naso Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo ezweni elifudumele.
Ama-aerosols asebenza njengama-nuclei emkhathini, lapho i- umhwamuko wamanzi uyajiya wenze amafu. Kunama-aerosol emvelaphi yezimboni, njengama-sulfate, nama-aerosol emvelo, njenge-sulphur dioxide ekhishwa ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kokugcina kwentaba-mlilo Holuhraun Ngo-2014-2015, phakathi 40.000 kuya ku-100.000 amathani we-sulphur dioxide nsuku zonke. Besebenzisa amamodeli wesimo sezulu aseqophelweni eliphezulu kanye nedatha yesathelayithi yeNASA, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi lokhu kukhishwa kubangele ukuncipha kobukhulu bamaconsi amanzi, okwandisa inani lokukhanya kwelanga elibuyiswa emuva emkhathini futhi ngenxa yalokho kubangele ukwehla kobukhulu bamaconsi amanzi. ukupholisa isimo sezulu. Lesi simo sihlobene nalokho okwaziwayo ngakho ukufiphala komhlaba wonke kanye nokuxhumana kwayo ne- izinhlobo zamafu.
Amasistimu aguquguqukayo, ngokwalaba bacwaningi, "avikelwe kahle" ezinguqukweni zokugxila kwe-aerosol emkhathini. Leli yiphuzu elibalulekile, njengoba kusho ukuthi kukhona a izinga elithile lokuzinza ekwakhekeni kwamafu, naphezu kokushintshashintsha kwama-aerosol. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi ama-aerosols angaba nemiphumela elimazayo empilweni yomuntu, enomthelela izifo zokuphefumula kanye nenhliziyo.
El umthelela wama-aerosol Isimo sezulu sinezimo eziningi, futhi asigcini nje ngokukwazi ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa. Isibonelo, ama-aerosols angaphinde athinte izinga lomoya esiwuphefumulayo. I-Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) kuma-aerosols ingasabela ekukhanyeni kwelanga, yenze i-ozone esezingeni eliphansi, enomthelela entuthuni futhi ingaba nemiphumela emibi yezempilo. Le nkinga ihlotshaniswa nezifundo ezimayelana umoya ohlanzekile nokufudumala komhlaba.
Isici esibalulekile esihlobene nokuhlukahluka kwama-aerosol imvelaphi yawo. Ama-aerosols angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-aerosol eyinhloko neyesibili. Ama-aerosol ayisisekelo, afana ne-soot nothuli, akhishelwa ngqo emkhathini ngezinqubo ezinjengokushiswa kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, ezolimo, kanye nomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-aerosols esibili akhiwa ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi izinhlanganisela ezahlukene emkhathini; Isibonelo salokhu inkungu engase yakheke ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezimbalwa ezingcolisayo.
Ukushiswa kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi neminye imisebenzi yabantu kunomthelela omkhulu enanini lama-aerosols emkhathini. Izimoto, izindiza, nezinqubo zezimboni zikhiqiza inqwaba yezinhlayiyana ezingathinta izinga lomoya, hhayi nje kuphela endaweni kodwa nasezindaweni ezikude. Kulo mongo, ezolimo nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile, njengoba ukuphathwa kwenhlabathi kungakhipha uthuli namanye ama-aerosol. Lesi sihloko singahlotshaniswa nocwaningo mayelana umthelela wothuli lwaseGobi Desert ngezinga lomoya ezindaweni ezizungezile.
Ngaphezu komphumela wawo oqondile emazingeni okushisa, ama-aerosol angathonya inani lemisebe yelanga efika emhlabeni. Lo mshini uyinkimbinkimbi futhi uncike ezintweni eziningana. Isibonelo, uthuli olusemkhathini lungasitha ukukhanya kwelanga, kube nomthelela ekutheni a ukupholisa kwesifunda futhi, kwezinye izimo, emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi amanye ama-aerosol angaba nomthelela wokufudumala, njengekhabhoni emnyama, ekwazi ukumunca imisebe yelanga futhi iguqule ukukhanya. ukuziphatha kwe-ozone layer.
Ukusebenzisana kwama-aerosol namafu kungenye indawo ebalulekile yokufunda ekuqondeni ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ama-aerosols awathinti kuphela inani lamafu akhayo, kodwa futhi nawo ukwakheka kanye nezakhiwo. Lokhu kungashintsha amaphethini emvula, okubuye kuthinte isimo sezulu sendawo nesifunda. Ikakhulukazi, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ama-aerosols angandisa inani lamaconsi amanzi emafwini, kodwa anciphise usayizi wawo, okungasho imvula encane. Lesi simo, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "umphumela wokuphila" wama-aerosols, sithathwa njengenye yezindlela ezingaqinisekile ezinomthelela ekwenzeni ukupholisa umhlaba wonke.
Isayensi ngemuva kwalezi zenzakalo iyaqhubeka nokuvela, futhi amamodeli amanje wesimo sezulu avame ukubhekana nobunzima bokufaka imiphumela yama-aerosols ngokwanele. Isibonelo, kumamodeli angu-25 acatshangelwa Umbiko Wokuhlola Wesine we-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), inani elincane kuphela elicabangela imiphumela yama-aerosols ngale kwama-sulfate. Lokhu kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuqhubeka nokucwaninga kanye nokwenza ngcono amamodeli alingisa isimo sezulu somhlaba. Uma unentshisekelo, ungathintana nokuhlaziya lapho abantu beqala ukuthonya isimo sezulu nokuthi umsebenzi wethu uwathinta kanjani ama-aerosol.
El ukuthuthukiswa kocwaningo kuma-aerosols kubalulekile ukuqonda kangcono izinguquko zesimo sezulu. Izifundo ezifana nalezo ezenziwa ku Isiqhingi saseGraciosa kuma-Azores ahlinzeka ngedatha ebalulekile yokuthi ukugxila kwe-aerosol kuthinta kanjani ukwakheka kwamafu, ngenxa yalokho, imvula. Lokhu kuhlobene nocwaningo ukuncibilika kwe-Antarctic Ocean, okungase futhi kube nomthelela kulesi simo. Lezi zifundo zivumela ososayensi ukuthi babheke ukusebenzisana kwe-aerosol emazingeni endawo nawesifunda, okunikela ekuqondeni okujulile kwezinqubo zesimo sezulu.
Ama-Aerosols ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomkhathi wethu okuthi, nakuba ivame ukubonakala njengokungcola, idlale a indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lwesimo sezulu. Ukusebenzisana kwalawa ma-aerosol namafu kanye nomthelela wawo kuzinga lokushisa nekhwalithi yomoya kuyizindaba ezidinga ukunakwa okuqhubekayo. Njengoba sithuthukisa ukuqonda kwethu lesi simiso esiyinkimbinkimbi, kuba sobala ukuthi kokubili izenzo zomuntu ngamunye nezinqubomgomo zomhlaba zizodlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni umthelela wazo.
