Imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo noma engangcolisi iya ngokuya ithuthukiswa. Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ukuguqula imodeli yamandla yamanje kunzima ukwenza ngokuphazima kweso. Ngakho-ke, sigxile kulokho okwaziwa ngokuthi ukuguquka kwamandla. Enye yezinto ezisiza ukungcolisa kancane yilezi ama-biofuel. Akukho okunye okudlula igama, esingakwazi ukukuqonda kahle lokhu okubandakanya lokhu. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi benziwe ngani, benzelwe ini nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo abazinikezayo ngaphezu kwamafutha avamile.
Ingabe ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngama-biofuels aqhubekayo kanye nezinzuzo zawo? Kulesi sihloko sichaza konke ngokuningiliziwe.
Yini ama-biofuels
Ama-biofuels ayaziwa nangokuthi ama-biofuels. Kuyinhlanganisela eyakhiwe yingxube yezinto zemvelo yemvelo. Lezi zinto zisetshenziselwa ukuthola amandla. Kuthathwa njengokuvuselelekayo noma amandla ahlanzekile njengoba izinto zivela ku-biomass. Ngakho-ke, le nto ephilayo edalwa futhi eqoqwe ivuselelwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kukhona impikiswano nebhalansi ye-CO2 ekhishiwe ne-CO2 emunce la ma-biofuels. Njengoba izinto ezakha le nhlanganisela zingokwemvelo, ngesikhathi sokuphila kwazo ziye zamunca i-CO2 ngesikhathi senqubo ye-photosynthesis. Lapho sebeqedile impilo yabo, basetshenziselwa ukwenza la mafutha. Ngokungafani neminye imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo efana nelanga, ngenkathi kusetshenziswa le biofuel, kukhishwa isikhutha esikhutha. Okubalwayo ibhalansi phakathi kwe-CO2 ekhishiwe ngenkathi isetshenziswa ngokumelene ne-CO2 eye yangena ekukhiqizeni izinto eziphilayo (amasimu).
Kuze kube namuhla, kuyashiwo ukuthi ibhalansi iyakhanya, ukuze kukhishwe i-CO2 encane ngenkathi isetshenziswa kunangesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwayo.
Ubuhle bala ma-biofuels ukuthi zingashintsha ingxenye enkulu yokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Lokhu kunciphisa umthelela wazo futhi kwehlisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa emhlabeni jikelele. Nakuba ukukhishwa okuvela kuzo zombili izibaseli kufana, i-CO2 ayimuncwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokwakhiwa kwamafutha njengoba kwenzeka ngama-biofuels. Ulwazi mayelana ne- i-biomass inikeza umongo emithonjeni yalezi zibaseli.
Zenziwe ngani
Manje sesizofunda ngezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ama-biofuels. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi kuwukumosha umhlaba, ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwenhlabathi kwezolimo, nokumosha ukudla. Okufanele sicabange ngakho ukuthi empeleni kusetshenziswa ukudla. Okusetshenziselwa ukwakha i-biofuel imfucuza yokudla.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezisetshenziswayo esinazo:
- AmaSoya
- Ummbila
- Umoba
- Imidumbula
- Ujongilanga
- Eucalyptus
- Imithi yesundu
- Ama-Los pinos
- Uwoyela ulwelwe
Lawa ma-biofuel angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amakhulu amathathu, kuya ngento eluhlaza esetshenzisiwe enqubeni yokukhiqiza. Kukhona ama-biofuels esizukulwane sokuqala, sesibili nesesithathu. Sizohlaziya ngayinye yazo:
- Isizukulwane sokuqala sama-biofuels. Lezi yilezo ezinomsuka ezitshalweni zezolimo ezisetshenziselwa ukuthola imikhiqizo yokudla ezosetshenziswa ngabantu. Lezi zinhlelo zokukhiqiza zilula kakhulu, ngoba kusetshenziswa izinsalela zokukhiqizwa kwalokhu kudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bashibhile. Kodwa-ke, kunemikhawulo ethile engabeka engcupheni ukuhlinzekwa kokudla kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngokunciphisa izinhlobo zokutshala ezindaweni eziphilayo.
- Isizukulwane sesibili sama-biofuels. Lolu hlobo lukaphethiloli luvela ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu sama-biofuels. Itholakala ku-biomass ekhiqizwa ezindaweni zasehlathini. Lezi zinto ziyi-lignocellulosic futhi imvelo yazo inokhuni noma i-fibrous. Lawa ama-biofuels aqhubeka nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 emkhathini, kodwa abiza kakhulu futhi ayinkimbinkimbi ukukhiqiza kunama-biofuels esizukulwane sokuqala. Akhiqizwa ngemikhiqizo engahloselwe ukudla noma eyimfucumfucu.
- Isizukulwane sesithathu sama-biofuels. Zivela ku-biomass engahloselwe ukusetshenziswa kwabantu noma imfucuza. Kulesi sigaba sifaka ama-microalgae. Amasu we-biology biology asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwawo futhi ama-microalgae angenziwa ekukhiqizeni okulandelayo kwe-biofuel.
Izinhlobo zama-biofuels
Sizohlaziya ama-biofuels ahlukene aziwa kakhulu futhi asetshenziswe yiwo wonke umuntu:
- I-Bioethanol. Yilelo elenziwa ngokuvutshelwa kotshwala okushukela okukhona kwezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo. Phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo singathola umoba, ama-beet noma okunye okusanhlamvu.
- IBiodiesel. Lokhu kukhiqizwa ngamafutha emifino, okuhlanganisa ubhontshisi wesoya, i-canola, i-rapeseed, namafutha e-jatropha. Lezi zinhlobo ziyalinywa ukuze zisetshenziswe njenge-biodiesel.
- I-Biopropanol noma i-biobutanol. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili azithandwa kakhulu, kepha kwenziwa ucwaningo kuzona njengoba zingasebenza kaningi njengalezo ezimbili ezedlule.
Izinzuzo nokungalungi
Yize bengabonakala njengensindiso, banezinzuzo nobubi bobabili. Sibala izinzuzo:
- Izindleko zizoba ngaphansi kunezo zikaphethiloli noma udizili. Izinto zokusetshenziswa azikho nhlobo njengoba ziyimfucuza.
- Ikhiqiza ukuqashwa ezingeni lendawo.
- Zinciphisa ukungcola.
- Izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezisebenza kangcono nokungcola okuncane.
- Inezinga eliphakeme lokuphepha ekusingatheni kwayo.
Kepha akuyona yonke into ingaba izinzuzo. Sibala okubi:
- Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo onitrogen ekukhiqizweni kwezitshalo kwandisa ukukhishwa kwe-nitrogen oxide futhi kungcolisa amanzi nenhlabathi.
- Banikeza amandla amancane kunalawo ajwayelekile.
- Kukhona ukulahleka kwezindawo zamahlathi zokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo futhi lezi zinhlobo zingabasebenzisi be-CO2.
- Ukuze kukhiqizwe amanye ama-biofuels, kusetshenziswa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, okwandisa ukungcola okungaphezulu.
Ngethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lukusiza ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalawa mandla ahlukile, okuyimpikiswano ngokuthi ayasimema ngempela noma cha, nokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwawo kufanele kukhule emphakathini.