Phakathi kososayensi abakhulu abathuthukise umlando wesayensi kukhona omunye wabo onenhlonipho yonke njengoba engomunye wabantu abadume kunabo bonke. Sikhuluma ngakho I-Georges icuvier. Ungusosayensi onikeze igama lakhe kwi-paleontology kanye ne-anatomy yokuqhathanisa. Izenzo zakhe ziye zanxuswa kakhulu emhlabeni wesayensi futhi seziqhubekele phambili ezindaweni eziningi kusukela ngesikhathi iqala kuze kube manje.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke ukuxhashazwa kanye ne Umlando kaGeorges Cuvier.
Ukuqala kukaGeorges Cuvier
Njengabo bonke ososayensi, le ndoda yaqala. Igama lakhe eligcwele ngu UGeorges Léopold Chrétien Frédéric Dagobert, Baron de Cuvier, futhi wazalelwa edolobheni laseMontbéliard, eFrance, ngo-August 23, 1769. Kusukela esemncane kakhulu wabonisa isithakazelo esikhulu ezweni lemvelo nengqondo enelungelo. Sesiyazi kakade ukuthi uma sizinikela entweni esiyithanda ngempela nesiyijabulelayo, singazuza izinzuzo ezinkulu nokutholakele, kokubili ngokwethu nangosizo lwabanye.
Le ndoda yayizifela ngemvelo futhi inobuhlakani obukhethekile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, phakathi neminyaka yeNguquko YaseFrance, uGeorges Cuvier wazinikela ekutadisheni lonke i-anatomy ye-mollusk ukuze ajulise ulwazi lwakhe alufunayo lomlando wemvelo kanye ne-anatomy yokuqhathanisa. Akazange ahlale esemi lapho ebhekene nethiyori engaka kodwa wayefuna ukuyisebenzisa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngale ndlela, nangentshiseko enkulu ngalokho akwenza, ngo-1795 wakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi eNatural History Museum eParis.
Lokhu bekusho isinyathelo esikhulu kule ndoda kusukela ukuqashelwa kwayo kwaholela ekutheni ibizwe kamuva njengoNobhala Ohlala Njalo wePhysical and Natural Sciences yeNational Institute. Kulesi sigcinamagugu wakwazi ukufunda ngokujula okukhulu ukwakheka kokuqhathanisa kwezidalwa eziphilayo. Ukuze enze lokhu, kwakudingeka ahlinze izinkulungwane nezinkulungwane zezilwane ngenkathi ehlaziya wonke amathambo ukuze athole izimpendulo ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo nobudlelwano obukhona phakathi kwezinhlobo isayensi engakazazi kuze kube manje.
Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi indlela yesayensi kulezi zikhathi yayihluke kakhulu kunamuhla. Namuhla sinezizinda ezinkulu ezinolwazi olubalulekile nolunemininingwane ngamakhulu namakhulu ezinkulungwane zezilwane nezitshalo. Uma kukhulunywa ngokutadisha ngokuthile, sinesikhungo esivele sinezisekelo ezakhiwe. Umsebenzi kaGeorges Cuvier wawubaluleke kakhulu njengoba kwakudingeka akwenze ngamunye ngamunye kufanele ahlinze zonke lezi zilwane ukuze afunde ukwakheka kwazo kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ukuhlukaniswa kombuso wezilwane ngokusho kukaGeorges Cuvier
Zonke izifundo ezenziwa nguGeorges Cuvier kuyo yonke inguquko yaseFrance zamvumela ukuthi akwazi ukuhlukanisa umbuso wezilwane ngokwandisa nokwenza ngcono uhlelo lweLinnaean. Ulwazi olutholakele futhi olukhonjisiwe ezifundweni zakhe lungahlukana nomqondo owawuphethwe ngaphambilini wokuthi izilwane zaziyingxenye yomugqa oqhubekayo. Lo mugqa oqhubekayo usuka ezilwaneni ezilula uye kubantu, owokugcina uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Lo sosayensi wahlanganisa izilwane ngokwalokho akubona ezifundweni zakhe zokuqhathanisa zesakhiwo kanye ne-morphological. Ngale ndlela, wahlukanisa izilwane zibe izinhlobo ezi-4 ezihlukene: i-radiates, i-articulates, i-mollusk kanye nezilwane ezinomgogodla. Lezi zindlela eziyisisekelo yizo ezenze umehluko ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi. Kwakuwukugomela kokuthi izingxenye zomzimba wesilwane zihlobene, zakha ingqikithi ehlangene.
Noma lokhu kubonakala kunengqondo namuhla, UGeorges Cuvier ube ngowokuqala ukukwazi ukuyiphakamisa nokuyichaza ngokwesayensi. Yilo mqondo noma yilowo osiza ukunikeza isisekelo sophenyo lwakamuva lukaDarwinian ukucabanga kangcono ukuvela komhlaba ophilayo.
Umsunguli we paleontology
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, uGeorges Cuvier wayenguyise oyisisekelo we-paleontology. Futhi waba neqhaza elibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwale sayensi ngenxa yezimiso zakhe mayelana nokuhlobana phakathi kwesakhiwo nokusebenza kusayensi yokwakheka kwezilwane. Wakwazi ukwakha kabusha amathambo aphelele ezilwane zasendulo, nakuba ayengenazo zonke izingxenye zazo. Lokhu kwaba impumelelo enkulu ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, kwakungekho mininingwane yezidalwa eziphilayo ngaleso sikhathi.
Wayephethe ukutadisha izinsalela eziningi zemvelo futhi zasebenza ukukhombisa umhlaba wonke ukuthi iplanethi yethu ibigcwele izilwane ezahlukahlukene kakhulu emakhulwini eminyaka. Lokhu kwaphawula ingqophamlando emsebenzini wakhe futhi kwenzeka ngo-1812. Ngalo nyaka wethule umphakathi wezesayensi imfuyo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezindizayo, into eyayingakaze ibonakale iphelele phambilini. Isirhubuluzi lesi Wayibiza ngokuthi i-Pterodactylus futhi ingenye yezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezandulela umlando ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Okungezwe kulokhu kwenziwa isethulo sangaphambilini samathambo endlovu asephelile, asesephelile, asebenze ukuze namuhla uGeorges Cuvier abhekwe njengoyise wokuqala we-paleontology.
Naphezu kwalokho akuthola nempumelelo, wayengeyena umvikeli wokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Phakathi kwezinkolelo-mbono zakhe wayehlanganyela naleyo yenhlekelele. Lo mbono uphakamisa ukuthi konke ukushabalala okuye kwenzeka kubangelwe inhlekelele yendawo yonke eyalandelwa inqubo yokudalwa kwezilwane ezintsha emhlabeni.
Yonke iminikelo eyenziwe ngusosayensi le idale ukuthi abhekwe njengomunye wabahlonishwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe. Wathola imihlobiso eminingi nokuhlonishwa okuvela kubantu besayensi nabepolitiki besikhathi sakhe. Wafa ngoMeyi 13, 1832 eParis ngenxa yekholera. Igama lakhe labhalwa kanye nabanye ososayensi abakhulu bangaleso sikhathi e-Eiffel Tower.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngososayensi uGeorges Cuvier.