Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emvelweni zibalulekile ekumelaneni nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lomthelela kwezemvelo. Izinhlelo zemvelo ezinokushintshana okukhulu kofuzo abasengozini encane emicimbini efana nesomiso. Lokhu kuqinisekisiwe ngenxa yocwaningo olwenziwa ithimba labacwaningi bamazwe ngamazwe elikuthole lokho amahlathi anezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo Yizona ezimelana kangcono nokucindezeleka kwamanzi okubangelwa isomiso, omunye wemiphumela eyinhloko yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ucwaningo ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nesomiso
Lolu cwaningo, olushicilelwe ephephabhukwini i-Nature Ecology & Evolution, lwenziwa ososayensi abavela ku-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), ngokubambisana nabacwaningi base-Danum Valley Field Center kanye ne-Forest Research Center e-Malaysia, kanye ne-University of Oxford e-United Kingdom.
Ososayensi basebenzise izithombo zezihlahla ezishisayo ezivela emahlathini emvula aseBorneo esigabeni sazo sokuqala sokukhula. Ocwaningweni, kwenziwa ucwaningo lapho lezi zithombo zatshalwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene: ku-monoculture kanye nezingxube zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Amashidi epulasitiki asetshenziselwa ukuvikela izitshalo emvuleni kanye belingisa iziqephu zesomiso ezivamile ngesikhathi se-El Niño.
Izithombo ukuphendula isomiso
Izithombo zabhekana nesomiso esinzima ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo, kodwa lapho ukuhlukahluka kuphezulu, ukwehla kwengcindezi yamanzi kwabonwa uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezifuywayo. Lokhu kuncintisana okuncishisiwe kwamanzi phakathi kwezitshalo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu kuvumela ukukhula okuzinzile ngezikhathi zesomiso. Endabeni yamasimu anohlobo olulodwa, Ukuncintisana ngezinsiza kukhulu futhi ziqeda amanzi atholakalayo ngokushesha. Okutholwe kulolu cwaningo kugcizelela isidingo sokusebenzisa amasu okuphatha abeka phambili ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, njengoba kuvezwe endleleni yokubhekana nezifo. Amahlathi njengento eyinhloko ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.
Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo igcizelela ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zikhuthaza ukusimama kwezinhlobo zezihlahla ezihlukene esomiso, okuyiqiniso elifanele njengoba kubikezelwa ukuthi isomiso sizoba njalo eminyakeni ezayo, esimweni sokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Isidingo sokulondoloza izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo ngaphansi kwalezi zimo siqiniswa nakakhulu, njengokubaluleka kokuqonda izinhlobo zamahlathi eSpain kanye neqhaza layo ekuphathweni kwemithombo yamanzi.
Ukubaluleka kokuhlukahluka empilweni ye-ecosystem
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo azibalulekile nje kuphela ekumelaneni nesomiso, kodwa futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo ye-ecosystem iyonke. Lokhu kunotha kwezinto eziphilayo kuvumela i-ecosystem ukuthi ivumelane kangcono nezinguquko zemvelo kanye neziphazamiso. Ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwe-ecosystem kubalulekile, njengoba kuxoxwe ngakho esihlokweni esithi ingqalasizinda eluhlaza kanye nokuvumelana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Isibonelo, amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo ayikhaya lezinto eziphilayo ezingaphezu kuka-50% zasemhlabeni, nakuba ehlanganisa kuphela cishe u-2% womhlaba weplanethi. Ziyizinto eziphilayo ezikhiqiza kakhulu ezenza imisebenzi ebalulekile, njengokukhiqizwa komoyampilo kanye nokuthathwa kwekhabhoni, okusiza ukulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kula mahlathi kungase kungasho nje ukufa kwezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane, kodwa ukuwa kwawo wonke ama-ecosystem, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqonda. ezolimo zokongiwa njengomkhuba oyinhloko kulo mongo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane kuvumela ezinye ukuba zizivumelanise kangcono nezimo ezishintshayo, njengamazinga okushisa akhuphukayo kanye nokomisa, okuhlobene ngokuqondile nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Kulo mongo, ukongiwa kanye nokuphathwa kwe amahlathi ashisayo Kubaluleka kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwalezi zindawo zemvelo ezimweni zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, njengesomiso esidonsa isikhathi eside.
Amasu okuphatha nokongiwa kwemvelo
Okutholwe kulolu cwaningo kusikisela isidingo sokuthuthukisa amasu okuphatha nokongiwa abeka kuqala ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo. Lawa maqhinga afaka:
- Ukugawulwa kwemithi okukhethekile okuhlonipha ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo ezikhona emahlathini.
- Sebenzisa izinqubo zokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi ezikhulisa ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezilwane, kunokutshala kabusha i-monoculture.
- Thuthukisa ucwaningo ngokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane nokuthi zingase zithinteke kanjani ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Isomiso njengenselele yemvelo
Ukoma okutholwa amahlathi amaningi ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuyinselele enkulu. Isomiso sibangela ukuncipha kokutholakala kwamanzi, okuthinta kokubili ukusinda kwezihlahla kanye nempilo yonke yehlathi. Lesi simo sikhathaza ikakhulukazi emahlathini aseMedithera, lapho imvamisa nokuqina kwesomiso kuye kwanda eminyakeni yamuva. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwesomiso kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kubalulekile, njengoba kuhlolwa ocwaningweni olumayelana izinselelo zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu eSpain.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi isomiso asithinti kuphela ukukhula kwesihlahla, kodwa siphinde sibe nomthelela ekutheleleni kwempova kanye nemijikelezo yokuzala kwezitshalo. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi ngezikhathi ezibucayi zokukhula kungaholela ekwehleni kwenani lezinhlobo zezilwane, okubuye kunciphise ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kanye nekhono le-ecosystem ukuze lilulame ekuphazamisekeni okuzayo. Ukumelana nalesi simo, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi ucwaningo ngama-microorganisms amasha kungaba ukhiye.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amahlathi amaningi ahlukahlukene akwazi kangcono ukumelana nalezi zimo ezimbi. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo kungasiza ekubambezeleni umthelela wesomiso. Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zingakwazi ukufinyelela emanzini ajulile, kuyilapho ezinye zingasebenzisa amanzi ngendlela ephumelelayo, ngaleyo ndlela zibe negalelo ekuzinzeni kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo.
Okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi ukwenza ngcono izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zamahlathi akudingekile nje kuphela ukuze baziphilise, kodwa futhi kubalulekile empilweni yeplanethi. Ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwezinsiza zehlathi, kucatshangelwa ukuhlukahluka njengevelu yangaphakathi, kungaba nomthelela ekudaleni izimiso zemvelo ezikwazi ukumelana nezimo nezimeme.
