Ingabe unenkinga yokulala? Isizathu esingenzeka kungaba ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, njengoba kwembulwe ocwaningweni oluholwa nguNick Obradovich waseHarvard University oluye lwanyatheliswa kuyi-Science Advances.
Futhi-ke, ngubani ongakutholi kanzima ukulala lapho izinga lokushisa liphakeme kakhulu?
Umuntu omdala onempilo kufanele alale amahora ayisithupha, ayisikhombisa noma ayisishiyagalombili; Uma ulala kancane, cishe uzovuka ngakusasa ukhathele futhi mhlawumbe ucasulwe kancane ngenxa yokuntula ubuthongo. Kodwa akulula ukuphumula lapho ithemometha ebusuku ifunda, isibonelo, 28ºC. Ngakho, akumangalisi ukuthi abangaphezu koyedwa nabangaphezu kwababili balale emini, kodwa hhayi endaweni yangakini kuphela, kodwa nakuyo yonke iplanethi.
U-Obradovich nethimba lakhe babhala ubudlelwano phakathi kwamazinga okushisa anyukayo nokungalali kahle. Lapho uqhathanisa izimpendulo ngokulala namazinga okushisa endawo, bathole ukuthi ehlobo kubiza ukulala okuphindwe kathathu kunanoma iyiphi enye inkathi yonyaka. Lesi simo singabhebhethekiswa yi- ukushisa okwenzeka ezifundeni eziningi.
Uma ubuhlobo phakathi kokulala nezinga lokushisa sebusunguliwe, basebenzise ukuqagela kwesivuvujikelele ukubona ukuthi izinkinga zokulala zizoba zimbi kanjani engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala nabampofu. Usosayensi uSolomon Hsiang, wase-University of California, eBerkeley, uchaze ukuthi lapho senza amaphutha amakhulu, njengalapho kwenziwa izinqumo ezingezinhle zomsebenzi, ngokwesibonelo, lokho kusithinta ngendlela yokuthi kungasivumeli ukuba silale kahle.
Sonke sidinga ukulala kahle ebusuku, ngakho ukuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu izinsuku eziningi ngenyanga kuzokhipha izindleko zangempela futhi ezibalulekile okufanele sizicabangele. Ngakho-ke, kubonakala kusengaphambili ukuthi, njengoba uMhlaba ufudumala, kuzodingeka siguqule kancane kancane ezinye izici zokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke.
Sekuyisikhathi eside kubonakala ukuthi isimo sezulu sithinta izinga lempilo yethu, futhi ukulala akuvamile. Ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe ngabacwaningi baseNyuvesi yaseCopenhagen lukhombisile lokho amazinga okushisa ebusuku, ngokuya phezulu ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, zibambezela izikhathi zokulala futhi ziletha izikhathi zokuvuka, okubangela ukuba siphuthelwe ukuphumula ebusuku okuyigugu.
Abalele abahlaziywe ocwaningweni, obekuhlanganisa imininingwane yabantu abacishe babe ngu-50,000, baveze ukuthi amazinga okushisa afudumele kuthinta ubude besikhathi sokulala nokuthi, ikakhulukazi, ubusuku obufudumele bungaholela ekutheni abantu balahlekelwe kakhulu isikhathi sokulala. Isibonelo, lapho izinga lokushisa ebusuku ngaphandle lingaphezu kuka-30°C, abantu balahlekelwa isilinganiso semizuzu eyi-15 ubusuku ngabunye, okuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunganezelele kuze kufike ku- ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamahora okulala wonyaka. Lokhu kuba ukukhathazeka nakakhulu uma sicabanga kubanda ngobusuku obucwathile lokho kuphazamisa ukuphumula.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umthelela wokushisa uthinta amaqembu emiphakathi ehlukene ngokulinganayo. I abadala basengozini kakhulu; Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi labo abangaphezu kuka-70 balahlekelwa kakhulu ubuthongo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu abadala asebekhulile bangase balawule izinga lokushisa lomzimba ngendlela engasebenzi kahle, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kakhulu nokulala kwekhwalithi ephansi.
Ngaphezu kweminyaka yobudala, isimo senhlalo-mnotho sidlala indima ebalulekile. Uphenyo luveze ukuthi izakhamuzi zamazwe anemali ephansi Babhekana nokuphazamiseka kokulala izikhathi eziphindwe kathathu kunalezo ezisemazweni anemali eningi. Lokhu kungase kuhlobane nezici ezifana nokufinyelela okulinganiselwe kumasistimu omoya, avame kakhulu emazweni acebile. Ukuntuleka kokufinyelela kubuchwepheshe bokupholisa kwenza lezi zizwe zibe sengozini enkulu yokushisa okuphezulu ebusuku, into engabonwa ezindaweni lapho UCicanula kunomthelela omkhulu empilweni.
La Ukulahlekelwa ubuthongo Ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu akuyona nje inkinga yokungaphatheki kahle; Kungase futhi kube nemiphumela emibi kakhulu yezempilo. Ukungalali kahle kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nezinkinga zempilo ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukwanda kwengozi yesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo, nokuncipha kwengqondo. Ngakho-ke, umthelela wokushisa kukhwalithi yethu yokulala ungase uthinte impilo yethu kumaleveli amaningi.
Umbiko weWorld Health Organisation (WHO) uveze ubucayi balesi simo, waphawula ukuthi ukuphumula okwanele Kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yabantu nasenhlalakahleni engokwengqondo. Ukulala kancane kunalokho okudingekile kungaba nemiphumela emibi esimweni sethu somzimba nengqondo, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungabangela ukwehla kwezinga lempilo.
Izidingo zokuzivumelanisa nezimo nezisombululo ezingenzeka
Njengoba ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuqhubeka, ukuthola amasu okunciphisa imiphumela yako ebuthongweni kuya kuphuthuma. Ezinye izixazululo ezingase zibe khona zihlanganisa: ukuklama kanye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezisiza ukujikeleza komoya okungcono, kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo zasemadolobheni ezikhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezindawo eziluhlaza, ezingasiza ekunciphiseni izinga lokushisa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
Ukuqaliswa kwe- uphahla oluluhlaza Kungelinye lamasu aphakanyiswe ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga. Uphahla oluluhlaza alusizi nje kuphela izakhiwo ezipholile, kodwa futhi lungafaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwezinga lomoya kanye nokwanda kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemadolobheni. Le nhlanganisela yemisebenzi iqinisekisa ukuthi akuncishiswa amazinga okushisa angaphakathi kuphela, kodwa futhi inikeza izinzuzo ezengeziwe emphakathini.
Mayelana ne-air conditioning, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kumele kulawulwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuvinjwe ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwesiphephetha-moya ukuthi kube nomthelela enkingeni yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Amandla asetshenziswa ukunika amandla amasistimu okupholisa umoya atholakala kakhulu emithonjeni ekhipha i-carbon dioxide, yona enomthelela ekufudumaleni komhlaba. Lokhu kudala umjikelezo ononya okufanele kubhekwane nawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imiphakathi ikwazi ukumelana nokushisa esikhathini esizayo, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezehlakalo ezifana nalezi. umthelela wezindawo ezinezivunguvungu.
Kuyacaca ukuthi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kunomthelela omkhulu ekulaleni kwethu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yethu. Ukuqonda ukuthi izinga lokushisa liwathonya kanjani amandla ethu okuphumula kubalulekile hhayi nje ukunciphisa imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kodwa futhi nokwakha ikusasa elisimeme lapho ukulala kungaphazanyiswa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Kuphoqelekile ukuthi ucwaningo luqhubeke kule ndawo futhi kusetshenziswe izixazululo ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga ngokugcwele.
