Cishe wonke umuntu uthande ukulibona likhithika noma lifuna ukulibona uma kwenzeka bengakaze bakwazi ukulibona. Kuwo womabili amafilimu e-animated nengewona opopayi, ibilokhu idale imizwa yasekhaya, amakhaza, ubusika, uKhisimusi, njll. Bona ukuthi bawa kanjani amakhekheba eqhwa ngefasitela kungaba yinto ebonakalayo.
Kodwa, Siyazi yini ukuthi amakhekhe eqhwa ayini, akhiwa kanjani, nezinhlobo zamakhekheba eqhwa akhona?
Yini iqhwa futhi lakhiwa kanjani?
Amakhekheba eqhwa angamaqoqo ezinhlayiya eziningi zeqhwa ezakha emafwini ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu nasemazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Ukuze kwakheke la makristalu eqhwa, idonsi lamanzi kufanele liqale lifriziwe lizungeze inhlayiya emisiwe ngaphakathi kwefu. Lezi zinhlayiya zingaba uthuli noma impova futhi zibizwe ukufingqa core. Njengoba amanzi angaphakathi kwefu eba yiqhwa, kuthatha ukuma kwephrizimu enezinhlangothi eziyisithupha. Ukuze iconsi lamanzi lithathe lesi simo, kuyadingeka ukuthi izinga lokushisa kwefu lifinyelela okungenani -12 noma -13 °. Ngale ndlela, wonke amaconsi amanzi angazungeza ingilazi futhi ajiye ebusweni bayo.
Lapho wonke amaconsi esengeza kancane kancane ku-crystal ice, ihamba kulo lonke ifu. Amaconsi amanzi ajoyina ingilazi enza lokho emaphethelweni awo njengoba egqame ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi enye ingxenye. Kungakho amakhona ekhula kakhulu futhi aqala ukwakha "izingalo" ezibizwa ngama-dendrites. Le nqubo yokwakheka ibizwa ngokuthi yi-branching futhi iyona eyenza iqhwa leqhwa libe yinkimbinkimbi kangaka ngesimo.
Ekugcineni, iqhwa leqhwa lizohamba liye efwini lize liwele ngaphansi kwesisindo salo.
Izinhlobo zamakhekheba eqhwa
Izinhlobo zamakhekheba eqhwa namagatsha ama-prism ancike ezimweni zemvelo zokwakheka ezifana nokushisa, ingcindezi yasemkhathini, inani lamanzi, inani lezinhlayiya ezimisiwe, njll. Kungakho, ngesikhathi sokuwa kweqhwa singahlangana izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamakhekheba eqhwa ngenxa yezimo zawo zokwakheka ezahlukahlukene. Uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko, ungafunda mayelana ilukuluku mayelana neqhwa.
Ukugcizelela nakakhulu ukubaluleka kwaleli qiniso, ngo-1988, a Iqembu laseWisconsin labaphenyi kukhombisile ukuthi ukukhula kukakhristalu weqhwa kuncike ezintweni eziningi kangako ezingajwayelekile kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi kube khona ama-flakes amabili alinganayo emvelweni. Yize, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bekwazile ukulingisa izimo zemvelo elabhoratri ezifana kakhulu nokuthi bakwazi ukudala amaqhwa amabili afana ngokuphelele.
Okulandelayo, sizobona izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokwakheka kwe-ice crystal ezikhona kwimvelo:
Ama-prism alula
Lezi zinhlobo zama-prism yizona eziyisisekelo kakhulu zamakhekheba eqhwa. Ukuma kwayo kungahluka kusuka emaphepheni amade amade ayizinhlangothi eziyisithupha kuya kwamanye amapuleti amahle anezinhlangothi eziyisithupha. Usayizi wala ma-prism mncane kakhulu kangangokuba kunzima kakhulu ukuwabona ngamehlo.
Izinkanyezi ezigcwele izinkanyezi
Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ukudweba nokumelela iqhwa leqhwa lakudala. Lawa amakristalu e-laminated ice anezingalo eziyisithupha ezibanzi ngokwanele ukwakha inkanyezi. Imvamisa sithola ukuthi anemiphetho yamagatsha ahlotshiswe ngamamaki wokulinganisa awenza akhetheke kakhulu.
Ama-dellrite we-Stellar
Igama elithi dendrite lisho ukuma kwesihlahla, okungukuthi, izinhlobo ezinamagatsha ezinhlayiya zeqhwa. Kungakho ama-stellar dendrites ayihlobo lweqhwa leqhwa elinamagatsha amakhulu ayi-6 nezinhlobo eziningana zamagatsha wesibili. Lawa amakhekheba eqhwa makhulu kunalawo angaphambilini futhi angabonakala ngeso lenyama.
Amakholomu angenalutho nezinaliti
Amajamo angama-hexagonal kwesinye isikhathi anomumo okhonkolo kakhudlwana ekugcineni kwawo, okuwenza abukeke njengamakholomu angenalutho. Mancane kakhulu kangangokuthi awukwazi ukuwabona ngeso lenyama. Lawa ma-flakes akheka ekushiseni okungaba ngu-5°C. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zeqhwa, ungabheka isihloko umehluko phakathi kwesichotho neqhwa.
Amakristalu angunxantathu
Uma amakristalu eqhwa ekhula ekushiseni okungu-2 ° C kuphela, imvamisa athatha ukwakheka okungunxantathu kunokuba abe ngunxande. Le nqubo ivame ukwenzeka kakhulu.
Inhlamvu Rosette
Lolu hlobo lweqhwa leqhwa lwakhiwa ezimweni lapho kwakhiwa khona i-crystal ice, kwakhiwa eziningana ezikhula ngokungahleliwe. Lapho amakristalu ahlukene akhiwa ngasikhathi sinye eba amakholomu, abizwa nge-bullet rosette. Abizwa kanjalo ngoba lapho amakristalu ewa futhi ephuka, kwakheka amakristalu eqhwa ayakheke ngohlobo lomuntu ngamunye.
Iqhwa lokufakelwa
Ezindaweni zezivakashi, imishini isetshenziswa ukuze kukhiqizwe iqhwa lokwenziwa ukusiza abashushuluzi balungise amamithambeka ngendlela efanele futhi bagweme ukuphelelwa iqhwa ukuze bazilolonge lo mdlalo. Nokho, amakhekheba eqhwa akhiwa kuleli qhwa lokwenziwa awahlangene nalawo akhiwa izinqubo zemvelo. Azinawo amajamo wejometri. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngeqhwa nezici zalo, ungavakashela ikhasi le yini iqhwa.
Yini usayizi ojwayelekile wamakhekheba eqhwa futhi yini enquma usayizi wawo?
Amakhekheba eqhwa ngokuvamile abe isentimitha elilodwa ububanzi, njalo kuye ngezimo zokwakheka kwawo. Zingaba ukusuka kusentimitha ububanzi ukuya ku- kwesinye isikhathi zivame ukufika kumasentimitha afika ku-8 no-10. Njenge-anecdote ngizokutshela ukuthi iqhwa leqhwa elikhulu kakhulu elirekhodiwe labhalwa yiFort Keogh, eMontana ngoJanuwari 1887 lalinganiswa cishe ngamasentimitha angama-38 ububanzi. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nokuntuleka kweqhwa nezimbangela zalo, ungabonisana yini ebangela ukuntuleka kweqhwa.
Isakhiwo seqhwa leqhwa sinqunywa amazinga okushisa nomswakama womoya odlula kuwo lapho iqhwa leqhwa liwela phansi. Ukuze uhlukanise zonke izinhlobo zamakhekheba eqhwa ngokususelwa ekushiseni komoya, lezi zimo ziye zalingiswa kumalabhorethri ukuze zikwazi ukwazi ukuthi zithonya kanjani:
- Phakathi kuka-0º no -4º C kukhiqizwa amapuleti amancane anezinhlangothi nezinkanyezi
- Kukhiqizwa izinaliti eziphakathi kuka -4º no -6º
- Kukhiqizwa amakholamu aphakathi kuka -6º no -10ºC
- Amapuleti akhiqizwa phakathi kuka -10º no -12ºC
- Phakathi kuka -12º no -16ºC, ama-dendrites akhiqizwa
- Kusuka ku -16ºC, inhlanganisela yamapuleti namakholomu kukhiqizwa
Esinye sezici zamakhekheba eqhwa esikhanga kakhulu ukunakwa kwabantu nososayensi ukuthi kungani ama-flakes ayalingana. Emhlabeni wezibalo, into ehambisanayo yinto ephelele. Lokhu kwenzeka kumakhekheba eqhwa kusukela lapho amaconsi amanzi ehlangana futhi ejijisana emagatsheni e-ice crystal, njengoba akha ezimweni ezifanayo zemvelo ngasikhathi sinye, akhiwa ngokulingana. Kodwa-ke, mhlawumbe ngeke sikwazise lokhu kahle, ngoba lapho amakhekheba eqhwa ewela ebusweni bomhlaba, azofika ephukile, ehlukanisiwe noma ehlanganiswe namanye ama-flakes.
Kungani amakhekheba eqhwa abukeka emhlophe?
Umbuzo abangaphezu koyedwa abake babuza wona. Kungani, yize amakhekhe eqhwa enziwe ngamanzi neqhwa, abukeka emhlophe? Empeleni, amakhekheba eqhwa athathwe ngawodwana zibukeka zisobala, ikakhulukazi uma unabo eduze kwesibonakhulu. Kodwa-ke, lapho wonke amakhekheba eqhwa ebonakala ehlanganiswe ndawonye kubonakala kumhlophe ngoba ukukhanya kukhombisa izindawo eziningi zamakristalu eqhwa futhi kuhlakazeke ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke imibala yabo yokubukeka. Njengoba ukukhanya okumhlophe kwakhiwe ngayo yonke imibala ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo, amehlo ethu abona amakhekheba eqhwa amhlophe. Ukuze ujule kulesi sici, ungafunda ngakho kungani kumhlophe qhwa.
Ilukuluku lamakhekheba eqhwa
Njengelukuluku elincane, ngizokhuluma kancane ngomsindo onawo amakhekheba eqhwa lapho ewa. Uma wake wabona iqhwa futhi wama ukuze ulalele umsindo owenziwa amakhekheba eqhwa lapho ewa, uzobona ukuthula kukhona. Kungani amakhekheba eqhwa awayo engazwakali uma kukhona amanye cishe amasentimitha ayi-8 ububanzi?
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amakhekheba eqhwa awayo futhi aqongeleleka phansi abamba umoya phakathi kwamakristalu awo ngamanye. Lokhu kubangela ukumuncwa kokuningi kokudlidliza okukhiqizwe ukuwa ngakho-ke bakwenza ngokuthula kakhudlwana. Kuthiwa ungqimba lweqhwa elinqwabelene elingaba amasentimitha ama-2 ubukhulu lingahle linciphise umsindo wezwe. Yize kufanele kushiwo ukuthi njengoba iqhwa liqina futhi lihlangana ngokwengeziwe, ikhwalithi yalo yokumunca umsindo ilahlekile.
