Esikhathini se-Paleozoic kunezikhathi ezi-6 ezihlukene. Enye yazo yi- Isikhathi se-carboniferous. Kulesi sikhathi, inani elikhulu lamadiphozithi ekhabhoni litholakele kumarekhodi ezinsalela, yingakho igama lawo. Konke lokhu bekungenxa yenani elikhulu lamahlathi abengcwatshwe futhi aqhamuka nohlaka lwesikhutha. Kungenye yezizathu zokuthi kungani Izilwane zeCarboniferous kubaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizohlaziya ukubaluleka kwezilwane zeCarboniferous nezici zayo eziyinhloko.
Isikhathi seCarboniferous
Lesi sikhathi sasingenye yalezo ezigcina olunye ushintsho olukhulu ezingeni lezilwane nezitshalo. Esinye sezizathu yileso esikhombisa ukuthi izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini zasuka emanzini ukuze zikwazi ukunqoba imvelo yasemhlabeni. Lokhu bekufanele ekuthuthukiseni iqanda le-amniote. Isikhathi seCarboniferous sihlala cishe iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-60. Iqale cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-359 edlule futhi yaphela cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-299 edlule.
Ngalesi sikhathi somsebenzi omkhulu we-geological waba nokuhlangenwe nakho. Kuyo izingcwecwe zetectonic zazinokunyakaza okubangelwe ukukhukhuleka kwezwekazi okunamandla kakhulu. Lokhu kuhamba kwenze ukuthi ezinye izingqimba zomhlaba zishayisane futhi zisungule izintaba.
Esinye sezenzakalo eziphawulekayo zenkathi yeCarboniferous ukubonakala kwamaqanda amniote kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo zokuqala. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo kucatshangwa ukuthi zavela ezilwaneni ezihlala emhlabeni nasemanzini ezikhona. Ngenxa yokuvela kweqanda le-amniotic, iqanda elivikelwe futhi lihlukaniswe nemvelo yangaphandle, lasiza ukuvikela imibungu kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuthuthukisiwe. Lesi senzakalo sakhiqiza okuthile okuguquguqukayo eqenjini lezilwane ezihuquzelayo njengoba zakwazi ukuqala ukunqoba imvelo yasemhlabeni. Bavela sibonga ukujwayela ukungabuyeli emanzini ukubeka amaqanda.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi kwaba nezinguquko ezinkulu olwandle noquqaba lwezwekazi. Lo msebenzi we-tectonic wabangela izixuku eziningi zezwekazi ukuthi zinyakaze zakhe izwekazi elikhulu elaziwa ngokuthi iPangea. Ngokuqondene nesimo sezulu, ngesikhathi seCarboniferous kwakukhona isimo sezulu esifudumele. Lesi simo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama savumela uhlaza olukhulu ukuba lusakazeke kuwo wonke umhlaba. Kwavumela ukwakheka kwamahlathi kanye nokuthuthukiswa nokuhlukahluka kwezinye izinhlobo zokuphila. Abanye ochwepheshe baveza ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliseduze lalizungeze ama-degree angama-20. Inhlabathi yayinomswakama kakhulu futhi kwakhiwa amaxhaphozi amaningi kwezinye izindawo.
Izimbali nezimila
Ngokuqondene nezitshalo zeCarboniferous, kwakukhona ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zokuphila ezikhona futhi lokhu kwakungenxa yezimo zemvelo ezivumayo. Lesi simo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama sasilungele ukukhula kwezitshalo unomphela. Lezi zitshalo ezagqama kakhulu yizona I-Pteridospermatophyta, i-Lepidodendrales, i-Cordaitales, i-equisetales ne-Lycopodiales.
Iqembu lokuqala laziwa ngokuthi yi-Seed Ferns. Kuyaziwa ukuthi bekuyizitshalo zangempela ezikhiqiza imbewu kanti igama lamafern kungenxa yokuthi linomumo ofanayo nowamanje. Zikhule eduze kakhulu nomhlabathi futhi zakha uthotho oluminyene lohlaza olugcina umswakama.
I-Lepidodendrales kwakuyiqembu lezitshalo ezashabalala ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sakamuva. Bafinyelela ubukhazikhazi babo obukhulu ngesikhathi seCarboniferous kanye bafinyelela kumamitha angama-30 ukuphakama. I-Cordaitales yayiwuhlobo lwezitshalo ezashabalala ngesikhathi sokuqothulwa okukhulu kwezitshalo Isikhathi se-Triassic y I-Jurassic. Isiqu sawo sasine-xylem eyinhloko neyesibili. Amaqabunga awo ayemakhulu impela, efinyelela imitha ubude.
Izilwane zeCarboniferous
Manje siqhubekela phambili sihlaziya i-Carboniferous fauna. Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane zahlukahluka kakhulu. Ngenxa yezimo ezinhle zezulu nezemvelo, cishe zonke izinhlobo zezilwane zinendawo ekuthuthukisweni kwayo. Indawo enomswakama nefudumele, ehlangene nokutholakala okuphezulu kwe-oksijeni yasemkhathini, ibe nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezilwane. Phakathi kwezilwane ukuthi Izilwane ezivelele kakhulu zeCarboniferous yizilwane eziphila ezweni, izinambuzane nezilwane zasolwandle. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi izilwane ezihuquzelayo zokuqala zavela.
Ake sihlaziye ama-arthropods kuqala. Phakathi nenkathi yeCarboniferous kwakukhona izibonelo eziningi zama-arthropods amakhulu. Lezi zilwane kube yizihloko zezifundo eziningi ezenziwa ngochwepheshe. Ubukhulu obukhulu balezi zilwane kucatshangwa ukuthi bubangelwa ukugxila okuphezulu komoya-mpilo wasemkhathini.
I-Arthropleura
Kuyi-arthropod eyaziwa njenge-giant centipede. I-arthropod edume kakhulu kulesi sikhathi sonke. Futhi yilokho lafinyelela emamitheni ama-3 ubude futhi lalingaphansi kweqembu lama-myriapods. Kwakuyisilwane esifushane kakhulu futhi sasifinyelela cishe ingxenye yemitha ubude. Yayakhiwe izingxenye ezichazwe omunye nomunye futhi zimbozwe ngamapuleti.
Ama-Arachnids
Ngaphakathi kweqembu lama-arachnid avela esikhathini seCarboniferous, izinhlobo zezicabucabu ezaziwa ngokuthi iMesothelae zigqamile. Isici saso esiyinhloko kwakuwusayizi wayo omkhulu, owawucishe ulingane nekhanda lomuntu. Ukudla kwabo kwakudla ngokuphelele futhi babedla izilwane ezincane.
Ojekamanzi Abakhulu
Kule nkathi, kwakukhona izinambuzane ezindizayo ezifana kakhulu nojekamanzi banamuhla. Bekuyizilwane ezinkulu futhi bekujwayele ukukalwa cishe amasentimitha angama-70 ukusuka ekugcineni kuye ekugcineni. Ziye zaziwa njenge izinambuzane ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezake zahlala kule planethi. Ukudla kwabo kwakudla kakhulu futhi babeyizilwane ezidlayo zezilwane ezincane ezinjengezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini nezinambuzane.
Izilwane zeCarboniferous: ama-amphibians
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni kwendatshana, ama-amphibian kwakuyiqembu lezilwane ezahlukahluka kakhulu futhi laba nezinguquko. Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukwehla kosayizi womzimba kanye nokwamukelwa kokuphefumula kwamaphaphu. Izilwane zasemanzini zokuqala ukuvela zazinokucushwa komzimba okufana nokwama-salamanders.
Kwakukhona izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezilwane ezihlala emanzini. Ama-Pederpes kwakungama-amphibians angama-tetrapod anomzimba omncane nezitho ezimfushane, eziqinile. I-Crassigyrinus yayingama-amphibians ngokubukeka okungajwayelekile. Izitho zaso zangaphambili zazingathuthukisiwe kangangokuthi zazingakwazi ukusekela umzimba wesilwane. Kwakuyi-tetrapod eyayicishe ibe ngamamitha amabili ubude futhi inesisindo esingama-80 kg.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezilwane zeCarboniferous.