La amandla ajikelezayo kinetic Kuwuhlobo lwamandla oluhlobene nokuhamba kwezinto ezizungeze i-eksisi yokuzungezisa. Lolu hlobo lwamandla lubalulekile ezimweni eziningi zomzimba, kusukela kubukhenikha bakudala kuya ku-quantum physics.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi i-kinetic energy yokujikeleza iyini, izici zayo, izinzuzo kanye nokubi.
Ayini amandla e-kinetic wokuzungezisa
Ngamagama alula, amandla e-rotational kinetic asho inani lamandla into enayo ngenxa yokuzungezisa kwayo i-eksisi. La mandla abalwa kusukela isisindo sento, isivinini se-angular, nebanga ukusuka enkabeni yento yesisindo ukuya ku-eksisi yokuzungezisa.
Isibonelo esivamile salolu hlobo lwamandla ukunyakaza kwesondo lebhayisikili. Lapho ibhayisikili liphethwa, isondo liqala ukuzungeza i-axis yalo yokuzungeza. Njengoba isondo lijikeleza ngokushesha, ama-kinetics alo ajikelezayo ayanda, okuvumela ibhayisikili ukuthi liqhubeke nokuya phambili kalula. Futhi, qonda ukuthi ihlobana kanjani nayo ukunyakaza koMhlaba ingasiza ekuhlanganiseni kangcono ukubaluleka kwayo.
Esinye isibonelo ukunyakaza kwe-spining top. Lapho ingaphezulu liphothwa, amandla ayo ekinetic ajikelezayo ayanda njengoba izuza isivinini se-angular. Lawa mandla yiwona agcina ingaphezulu lijikeleza isikhathi eside.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amandla e-kinetic ajikelezayo ahlobene nesisindo kanye nesivinini se-angular yento, kodwa ayincikile kusivinini sayo somugqa. Ngakho-ke into ingaba namandla amakhulu ajikelezayo e-kinetic nakuba ihamba ngesivinini esiphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuthi umhlaba uzungeza kanjani, ungabheka isihloko esithi ukuzungeza komhlaba.
Izinzuzo Ze-Rotational Kinetic Energy
Lezi yizinzuzo eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo lwamandla:
- Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla: Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zamandla e-kinetic ajikelezayo ukusebenza kahle kwawo okuphezulu. Isibonelo, izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ziguqula ngaphezu kuka-90% wamandla amakhemikhali kumafutha abe amandla ajikelezayo ajikelezayo e-kinetic. Lokhu kusebenza kahle kubalulekile ngoba kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa okuhlobene.
- Ibanga elibanzi lezinhlelo zokusebenza: Ingasetshenziswa kumasistimu namadivayisi anhlobonhlobo, okuyenza ibe uhlobo oluhlukahlukene lwamandla. Izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zisetshenziswa ezimotweni eziningi nasemishinini esindayo, kuyilapho ezinye izinhlobo zamandla e-kinetic ajikelezayo zisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni, ekuphehleni amandla kagesi kanye nase. ukuhlola isikhala.
- I-torque ephezulu: Amandla e-kinetic ajikelezayo angaphinde asetshenziswe ukuze kukhiqizwe amazinga aphezulu etorque, okwenza la mandla abe ukukhetha okuhle kumasistimu adinga amandla aphezulu okuqalisa, njengezinjini zezimoto nophephela bemikhumbi. I-torque isilinganiso samandla okuzungezisa into futhi ibalulekile ezinhlelweni eziningi zemishini.
- Indawo yokugcina: Enye inzuzo yamandla e-rotational kinetic ukubekeka kalula kwawo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zamandla, njengamandla kagesi noma amandla ashisayo, amandla ajikelezayo e-kinetic angagcinwa kalula entweni ehambayo.
nebubi
Yize lolu hlobo lwamandla lunezinzuzo, luphinde lube nokubi okufanele kubhekwe:
- Kungaba nzima ukulawula. Izinto eziphotha ngesivinini esikhulu zingaba yingozi uma zingalawulwa kahle, futhi zingadala umonakalo kubantu nempahla eseduze uma zingaphathwa kahle. Ngalesi sizathu, izisetshenziswa ezisebenzisa amandla e-rotational kinetic kufanele ziklanywe ngokucophelela futhi zisetshenziswe ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi bezingozi.
- Ngezinye izikhathi kuba nzima ukugcina. Ngokungafani neminye imithombo yamandla, njengogesi noma uphethiloli, amandla e-kinetic okuzungeza awakwazi ukugcinwa kalula. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amadivayisi asebenzisa amandla e-kinetic okuzungezisa ukuthi aqhubeke enyakaza ukuze agcine amandla, okungaba inselele kwezinye izimo.
- Kwezinye izimo kungasebenzi kahle. Amanye amadivaysi asebenzisa amandla e-kinetic okuzungezisa angalahlekelwa amandla ngenxa yokungqubuzana nezinye izici, anciphise ukusebenza kahle kwawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amadivayisi asebenzisa amandla e-kinetic okuzungezisa nawo ayabiza ukuwagcina nokuwalungisa ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi bawo kanye nezingxenye ezinyakazayo eziwahlanganisayo.
Icutshungulwa futhi igcinwe kanjani
Amandla we-kinetic wokuzungezisa abalulekile ekuguqulweni kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamandla ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo emphakathini kokubili ezindaweni zokusebenza nasekhaya. Ngokusho kwe-Centro de Estudios Cervantinos, la mandla asebenzisa i-kinetics ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuze aguquke abe ezinye izinhlobo zamandla. Lezi izindlela ezilandelayo okufanele baguqule ngazo la mandla:
- Amandla omoya aguqulayo amandla e-kinetic okunyakaza kwemizimba yomoya kugesi. Umoya ukhiqizwa amaphethini ayinkimbinkimbi okushintsha kwamandla okushisa okubangelwa ukushisa nokupholisa komkhathi nolwandle ngemisebe yelanga.
- Amandla kagesi osebenza ngamanzi asebenzisa ithuba lokusebenzisa amanzi anyakazayo njengoba ewa (empophomeni noma edamini likagesi).
- Amandla e-tidal asebenzisa amandla amanzi anyakazayo njengoba eya emuva naphambili ngenxa yamagagasi.
- Amandla ashisayo awuhlobo olukhethekile lwamandla e-kinetic. Lawa akuwona amandla ayo yonke into enyakazayo, kodwa kunalokho amandla aphelele okunyakaza, ukuzungeza, nokudlidliza kwama-athomu nama-molecule ngaphakathi kwento.
Mayelana nesitoreji, amabhethri emishini aphinde ashajwa akhiwe kanjena:
- Ama-accumulators agcina amandla emishini kusisindo esijikelezayo esibizwa ngokuthi i-flywheel.
- Umshini okhiqizayo uguqula amandla emishini abe amandla kagesi ukuze abuyise amandla agcinwe ku-flywheel.
- hlehlisa ukuguqulwa kwamandla Kwenziwa ngokuvula injini ukushaja i-accumulator noma i-capacitor.
- I-flywheel ihlanganiswe ne-electric motor-generator futhi yakha umshini ozimele, oxhunywe ngaphandle ngezintambo kanye nebhethri ye-electrochemical.
