Sekuyisikhathi impela kwaziwa ukuthi iMars inamanzi ngaphakathi kuyo. Okungaziwa ukuthi angaba namanzi angakanani empeleni. Njengoba sazi, iMars ihlose iNASA futhi icwaningisiswa kahle. Idatha entsha ivezwe ngomhla ka- amanzi kuma-mars ehlobene nomhlabathi ongaphansi wepali eseningizimu. Kunenqwaba yamachibi angaphansi komhlaba abonakala etholakala kule ndawo.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela konke okwaziwa njengamanje ngamanzi e-Mars.
ISouth Pole namanzi ku-Mars
Kuze kube manje, siyazi ukuthi indawo engaphansi komhlaba kweMars iqukethe amadiphozi eqhwa lamanzi ne-carbon dioxide efriziwe ezindaweni, ezibizwa ngeqhwa elomile. Lezi zidalwa zitholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene, okusivumela ukuba siqophe kangcono umlando we-Mars. Ngokwesibonelo, sivumele sinqume ukuthi izifunda ezithile zeMars zaziphola kanjani esikhathini esedlule ukuvumela lokhu kubanda.
Ucwaningo olusha olwenziwe yi-NASA lwembule imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nalezi zimali ezingaphansi komhlaba. Abanasiqiniseko sokuthi lezi zimpawu zingamanzi awuketshezi, kodwa zibonakala zibanzi kakhulu kunalezo ezitholakala emibhalweni yokuqala. Isikhungo sisebenzise ithuluzi le-MARSIS ku-orbiter ye-Mars Express ye-European Space Agency. Ngaleli thuluzi le-radar, abacwaningi bangathumela amagagasi ebusweni be-Mars. Ngokusekelwe kumaza abonisiwe abawatholayo, bangakwazi ukunquma ukuthi yini engaphansi komhlaba. Ngokwesibonelo, iqhwa libonakala kalula kumagagasi e-radarngenkathi izingxenye ezifana nomhlaba uqobo zingena kalula futhi zingabonakali.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lwembule inqwaba yamaphuzu okucabanga e-South Pole, okungenzeka ahlobene amanzi kuma-mars. Indawo ehlanganiswe lamaphuzu inkulu kakhulu kunalokho okwakucatshangwa ekuqaleni. Kodwa okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi ezindaweni eziningi amanzi ayiqhwa angaphansi kwamakhilomitha amabili ukushona.
Kusitshelani lokhu? Sidinga ukwenza ucwaningo oluningi kuleyo ndawo ye-Mars. Lokhu okutholakele ngingaThuthukisa umsebenzi omusha wesayithi eSouth Pole on Mars. I-rover eseSouth Pole of Mars ingasisiza siqonde kangcono ukuziphatha kwamanzi endaweni nokuthi azoba usizo kangakanani kubantu esikhathini esizayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana rover Ilukuluku kanye nomthelela wawo ekuqondeni kwethu amanzi ku-Mars.
Ucwaningo ngamanzi ku-Mars
Namuhla, iMars iyihlane eliyiqhwa. Kepha ama-deltas omile namabhange kukhombisa ukuthi esikhathini esedlule, amanzi ayegeleza anqamule ebusweni bale planethi ebomvu. Sekungamashumi eminyaka ososayensi bezama ukuthola ukuthi amanzi akuphi ku-Mars, benethemba lokuqonda ukuthi iplanethi ebomvu yaba kanjani indawo eyomile, kuyilapho umakhelwane wayo, uMhlaba, yonga imithombo yamanzi futhi yaba yipharadesi eliphilayo.
Manje, ngokuhlanganisa ukubhekwa kwale planethi kumodeli entsha, ithimba lezazi zesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba nososayensi basemkhathini selidale isithombe esisha sesikhathi esidlule se-Mars: amanzi amaningi kule planethi angase avaleleke oqweqweni loMhlaba. Lokhu kutholakala kubalulekile ekuqondeni izinselele zomoya we-Martian nokuthi zibe nomthelela kanjani ekubeni khona kwamanzi.
Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lukhombisile ukuthi lapho imisebe yelanga idonsa amanzi kwiMars asemkhathini, iningi lamanzi akwiMars abalekela emkhathini. Kepha lolu cwaningo olusha luphetha ngokuthi amanzi aseMars ahlupheke kokubili ukuvuza komkhathi nokubanjwa komhlaba. Ngokuya ngenani lamanzi aqala ngalo, imodeli entsha ilinganisela lokho phakathi kuka-30% no-99% kuhlanganiswe kumaminerali avela kuqweqwe lomhlabangenkathi abanye bebalekela emkhathini. Lokhu kubanzi futhi kungenzeka kufake phakathi izinqubo ezimbili, ngakho-ke iqiniso lingaphakathi kwalolu hlu.
Uma imodeli entsha inembile, umlando wobusha eMhlabeni kuzofanela ubhalwe kabusha. Kukholakala ukuthi wonke amanzi abhajwe koqweqwe lweMars namuhla kusho ukuthi lapho isencane, kwakukhona amanzi amaningi ebusweni beMars kunamamodeli wangaphambilini abalinganiselwa, nokuthi izikhathi zasendulo zingaba zinhle kakhulu kunalokho okwaziwayo ngaphambili. wempilo yamagciwane. Umkhathi omncane we-Mars uvimbela ukuba khona kwamanzi oketshezi ebusweni beplanethi ebomvu. Kodwa amanzi angahlala ewuketshezi ngaphansi komhlaba. Lokhu kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokufunda inhlabathi yaseMartian kanye nezici zabo.
Imisele emhlophe
Kunobufakazi bokuthi kunamanzi anosawoti kwiMars, futhi lolu ketshezi luyimbangela yemisele emide etholakala emithambekeni yemigodi ngesikhathi sonyaka oshisayo kakhulu eMars. Yini enye, amanzi angamanzi angaphansi kobuso ahlinzeka ngemvelo efaneleke kakhudlwana yokuphila kulo mhlaba. Imiphumela iveze ubufakazi kasawoti onamanzi ezindaweni ezifika ezine. Ngakho-ke, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi umsele omncane oqondile, ongamamitha ayi-5 ububanzi futhi ofundwe iminyaka eminingi, kungenxa yomsebenzi wamanzi anosawoti.
Imisinga yolayini engaqondakali ivela njalo ehlobo laseMartian, kubonakala sengathi yehla emithambekeni yamaphakathi nobubanzi eningizimu yezwe. Lapho kufika amakhaza, le misinga eqondile noma imisele iyanyamalala. Iqiniso lokuthi imininingwane manje iqinisekisa ukuthi le mifula ayigcinwa unyaka wonke kukhombisa ukuthi amanzi angamanzi ageleza ehla amagquma nemithambeka ngenxa yokwanda kwamazinga okushisa. Lapho kufika isikhathi esibandayo ziyanyamalala.
Ngenxa yedatha ye-spectrometric evela ku-CRISM, iqembu lososayensi abavela eGeorgia Institute of Technology (USA) liqinisekisile ukuba khona kosawoti abane-hydrated njengama-perchlorates nama-chlorates, atholakala kakhulu kule planethi (kuze kube izikhathi eziyi-10.000 ngaphezu koMhlaba). Manje yehlisa iphuzu lokubanda lamanzi lisuke ku-0ºC liye ku -70ºC, isimo lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthola amanzi awuketshezi. Le miphumela ibalulekile ukuze kuhlolwe ikusasa le-Mars kanye nokuhlala kwayo okungenzeka.
Izimo zempilo
Ngisho nayo yonke into etholakele, Ubuso beplanethi ebomvu bunezimo zemvelo ezinobutha empilweni. Ngokuqondile, lezi zimo zinqunywa inani lemisebe ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni. Kodwa-ke, le datha mayelana nokuba khona okungenzeka kwamanzi awuketshezi ngaphansi komhlaba kwenza ukuhlala kuthandeke kakhulu ngaphansi kwe-Martian regolith, lapho imizamo kufanele igxiliswe khona ekufuneni ukuphila esikhathini esizayo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngamanzi e-Mars nakho konke okwaziwayo ngawo.