Siyazi ukuthi amanzi ayisici esibalulekile ekuphileni njengoba sazi ukuthi akhona emhlabeni wethu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kutholwe ukuthi kungenzeka kube khona ukuphila kwenye iplanethi noma isathelayithi yesimiso sonozungezilanga noma endaweni yonke, umuntu kumelwe abheke ukuba khona amanzi kwamanye amaplanethi namasathelayithi okungenani ukuze sibone ukuthi ukuphila ngendlela esikwazi ngayo kuyenzeka yini lapha emhlabeni.
Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana namanzi kwamanye amaplanethi namasathelayithi nokuthi angakwazi yini ukusekela ukuphila.
Sesha amanzi kwamanye amaplanethi namasathelayithi
Ukuba seduze kweMercury elangeni kuvimbela ubuso beplanethi ukuthi bungabi namanzi awuketshezi. Kukho konke okungenzeka, amanzi awuketshezi ayengaba khona phezu kweVenus esikhathini esidlule. Lokhu kuyiqiniso nakakhulu Nakuba amanzi awuketshezi ake aba khona ku-Mars. Nokho, namuhla lokhu kungenzeka kukhishwe.
Ku-Mars, kunobufakazi bamanzi, kodwa akulona uketshezi. Ngokuphambene, amanzi ku-Mars akhona njengeqhwa elichotshoziwe. Kwenzeka naseMhlabeni, isibonelo ezindaweni ezibandayo zase-Arctic, isimo esaziwa ngokuthi yi-permafrost. Umkhathi omncane we-Mars uqukethe amanani amancane omhwamuko wamanzi.
Kodwa njengoba sishilo, abukho ubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda bamanzi awuketshezi phezu kweMars. Amanye amaplanethi esimiso sonozungezilanga (i-Jupiter, iSaturn, i-Uranus, iNeptune) ayimidondoshiya yegesi, kodwa ezinye izinyanga zingase zibe namanzi awuketshezi. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kwezintaba-mlilo nempilo yasemkhathini, sincoma isihloko esilandelayo kokuthi izintaba-mlilo ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungafunda mayelana umkhathi weVenus kanye nomthelela wawo ekufuneni amanzi.
izilwandle ezingaphansi komhlaba
lokho abafana ngakho Izinyanga zikaJupiter iGanymede ne-Europa, kanye ne-Titan ne-Enceladus kaSaturn, ukuthi zibonakala zinolwandle olumanzi oluwuketshezi emhlabeni wonke ngaphansi koqweqwe lwazo oluyiqhwa. Lezi zinkanyezi ezisesimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga zingaphandle kwendawo ebizwa ngokuthi indawo yokuhlala. Ichazwa njengesifunda esizungeze inkanyezi lapho imisebe evela enkanyezini ingavumela amanzi awuketshezi ukuba abe khona phezu kweplanethi enamatshe (noma inyanga). Kodwa, njengoba sesishilo, ulwandle oluwuketshezi lwalezi zinyanga ezinamadwala alutholakali ebusweni bazo, kodwa ngaphansi kwezingqimba zeqhwa ezingamashumi amakhilomitha aminyene.
Amandla adonsela phansi amaplanethi amakhulu (i-Jupiter ne-Saturn) lapho lezi zinyanga zizungeza khona kudala amandla olwandle. Awu, banesibopho sokushisisa okudingekayo ukuze kugcinwe amanzi kulezi zilwandle ezingaphansi komhlaba esesimweni esiwuketshezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimo, la mandla adala ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi okuthi, kanye nokujikeleza kwenyanga eksisi yayo, kudale umsebenzi othile wentaba-mlilo ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngo-2005, umkhumbi-mkhathi we-NASA u-Cassini wathola ama-geyser amangalisayo omhwamuko wamanzi engxenyeni eseningizimu yenyanga ye-Saturn i-Enceladus. Yinyanga encane, engamakhilomitha angu-500 kuphela ububanzi. Ukuze ujule emandleni okuphila kwezinye izinyanga, sincoma ukuthi ufunde mayelana izinyanga ezifanele ukuphila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyathakazelisa ukuphenya mayelana amanzi eNyangeni kanye nobudlelwano bayo nempilo.
i-liquid brine ku-Mars
Isiphetho salokhu kutholakala okubalulekile ukuthi endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi iPlamun Australe, engaphakathi kweqhwa le-Martian south pole, ngaphansi kwekhilomitha nengxenye yamanzi aqinile, ama-contour apendwe nge-radar acishe afane nalawo amachibi amakhulu amanzi. kanye noketshezi olutholakala eGreenland.
Ngisho, kungase kube nechibi elikhulu elinamanzi anosawoti okungenani amakhilomitha angama-20 ubude. Amazinga okushisa esifundeni afinyelela ku-120 degrees Celsius, kodwa ngaphansi kwamanzi, amanzi awuketshezi. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba usawoti omningi unyusa umfutho weqhwa (ukhuphula izinga lokushisa lisuka -30 liye ku-70 degrees Celsius), livimbele iqhwa ukuba lingabande.
Ukutholwa kuye kwavuselela impikiswano mayelana nokwenzeka kokuphila kuleli noma kwamanye amachibi aseMartian asazotholwa. I-radar ye-Mars Express probe ithole kuphela ngaphansi kwe-10% ye-south pole ye-Mars. Kusekuningi okumele sikufunde mayelana neplanethi ebomvu. Uma unesithakazelo kuplanethi ebomvu nezici zayo, ungafunda kabanzi esihlokweni mayelana ilukuluku of mars. Ungase futhi uhlole isihloko sokuthi amanzi kuma-mars ngokujulile.
Ubufakazi bamanzi kwamanye amaplanethi namasathelayithi
Lawa amanye amaplanethi namasathelayithi lapho kunobufakazi bokuba khona kwamanzi:
- IYurophu: Enye yezinyanga ze-Jupiter, i-Europa, iyikhandidethi elithakazelisayo lokufukamela amanzi awuketshezi ngaphansi kwawo. Iqhwa layo kucatshangwa ukuthi lifihla ulwandle olungaphansi komhlaba, olushiswa amandla adonsela phansi e-Jupiter nezinye izinyanga zaseGalile.
- Enceladus futhi Titan: Lezi yizinyanga zeSaturn. I-Enceladus ikhonjiswe ukuthi ikhipha amajethi amanzi nesitimu endaweni yayo, ephakamisa ulwandle olungaphansi komhlaba kanye nezinqubo zomsebenzi we-geothermal. I-Titan inezilwandle namachibi ama-hydrocarbon awuketshezi endaweni yayo, nakuba amanzi awuketshezi nawo kucatshangwa ukuthi alele ngaphansi koqweqwe oluneqhwa.
- ICeres: Lona umzimba omkhulu ebhandeni le-asteroid phakathi kweMars neJupiter. Ukubhekwa komkhumbi-mkhathi we-Dawn kuye kwasikisela ukuba khona kweqhwa lamanzi phezu kwawo, okungenzeka lixutshwe namaminerali nosawoti.
- ama-exoplanets: Ama-exoplanets (amaplanethi angaphandle kwesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga) atholwe "endaweni okuhlalwa kuyo" yezinkanyezi zawo, lapho amazinga okushisa engavumela amanzi awuketshezi ukuba abe khona phezulu. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi amasistimu e-TRAPPIST-1 kanye ne-Proxima Centauri b. Nokho, ukutholwa okuqondile kwamanzi emkhathini wama-exoplanets kuyinselele yobuchwepheshe eqhubekayo.
Amanzi ku-Pluto?
I-Mercury iseduze kakhulu nelanga ukuze ibe nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwamanzi, futhi ngenkathi sicabanga ukuthi iVenus yayingaba nezilwandle emakhulwini ezigidi zeminyaka edlule, kutholwe amanzi kuphela emkhathini wawo futhi ngamanani amancane kakhulu. Nokho, cishe ekupheleni kwesimiso sonozungezilanga sithola iPluto.
Iplanethi encane i-Pluto kukholakala ukuthi inamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, esekelwa idatha evela kuphenyo lwe-New Horizons, eyenze ucwaningo olunzulu kakhulu lwe-Pluto kusukela ekundiza kwayo ngo-2015. Umqondo uwukuthi amanzi awuketshezi kungenzeka ukuthi ayekhona endaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ngaphansi kweziro. Ukwakheka kwakhe kusephezulu ngokwanele. Njengoba isikhathi sihamba futhi amazinga okushisa epholile, uMhlaba ungaba yiqhwa, nakuba amanzi awuketshezi engase abe khona kuwo.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuba khona kwamanzi kwamanye amaplanethi namasathelayithi.