I-Tablas de Daimiel National Park, etholakala e-Ciudad Real, isengozini enkulu ngenxa ye- isomiso eside kanye nokulahleka kwamanzi okuqhubekayo okubangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, sibone ukwanda okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa, okubangele ukuthi inani lamanzi ahwamuke likhuphuke, okubangele ukuncipha okukhulu kwemithombo yamanzi etholakalayo.
Yilokho unyaka wesine owomile ukuthi iNational Park iyahlupheka, futhi kokubili izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezizisekelayo kanye nokulinganisela kwemvelo kuwohloka ngokushesha. Kuyokwenzekani uma lesi somiso siqhubeka?
Isomiso eTablas de Daimiel
Umbiko wakamuva ukhombisa ukuthi ukushoda kwemvula, okuhambisana nonyaka wesine wokomisa emlandweni esifundazweni saseCiudad Real, kunciphise inani lamanzi atholakala epaki. Kulo mongo, isiteshi sezulu se-Daimiel siqophe kuphela Amalitha angama-317,6 ngemitha yesikwele esikhathini sokugcina.
Ngokuvamile, i-National Park inezindawo ezizungezile Amahektha angama-1.343 ngomhlaba ogcwele izikhukhula. Nokho, okwamanje, amahektha angama-528 kuphela zimbozwe ngamanzi. Lokhu kwehliswa kudala imithelela eminingi ezilwaneni zasendle, ikakhulukazi izinyoni, ezinezindawo ezimbalwa zokuphumula phakathi nemizila yazo yokufuduka. Kulo nyaka, inani eliphezulu 60 storks black emgudwini wokufuduka, 86 ama-spatula, kanye nokuba khona okukhulu kwezindwandwe. Lokhu kugqamisa ukubaluleka okubalulekile kwalezi zinhlelo zemvelo ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinyoni, ezithinteka kakhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi.
Imithelela yesomiso
Omunye wemiphumela eshaqisayo yesomiso inqubo yokufaka udaka. Lesi simo senzeka ngenxa yokubola kwezinsalela zezitshalo, okuthi, kanye nokucwiliswa kwezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe, kuthinte umgodi wechibi wepaki kanye ukunciphisa amandla ayo okugcina amanzi.
Izikhulu zePaki zenza ukuhlaziya umthamo ophezulu wezakhi okwethulwa yizinsalela, okungenzeka zihlobene nenkinga yesomiso e-Las Tablas de Daimiel. Lesi simo singaba sibi, njengoba senza iphunga elibi futhi sikhuthaze ukukhula kwama-cladophores, okungase kuthinte isipiliyoni sesivakashi.
Izinyathelo eziphuthumayo
Ukubhekana nesomiso esinzima, kuye kwasetshenziswa izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene izinyathelo eziphuthumayo. Enye yezinsiza eziphawuleka kakhulu ukuqaliswa kwemithombo yesomiso, eklanyelwe ukukhipha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nokuswakama kwezindawo ezibucayi kakhulu zepaki. Leli su, nakuba lidingeka, linikeza ukukhululeka kwesikhashana kuphela futhi libhekwa njengelingalondolozeki esikhathini eside.
Ngo-2020, imithombo yaqala ukusebenza ngendlela emangalisayo, ikhipha kuze kufike 10 cubic hectometers wamanzi ngonyaka ukuzama ukukhukhula indawo okungenani engamahektha angama-600, njengoba kushiwo oHlelweni Olukhulu Lwepaki. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nesimo samaxhaphozi, ngincoma ukuthi ufunde mayelana nendlela Usuku Lomhlaba Wamaxhaphozi. Lesi simo sihlobene kakhulu ne Inkinga Yesomiso e-Las Tablas de Daimiel.
Nokho, lezi zinyathelo zibonise ukuthi azanele. Isibonelo, ukwehla okukhulu endaweni egcwele izikhukhula kubonwe ezinyangeni zasehlobo, njengoba kwenzeka ngo-2021, lapho kuphela. Amahektha angama-21 agcwele amanzi, emele ngaphansi kuka-1,5% wendawo ekhukhulekayo.
Izimbangela zenkinga yamanzi
Isomiso sase-Las Tablas de Daimiel siwumphumela wezinto eziningana ezixhumene. Esinye sezimbangela eziyinhloko yi- ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-aquifer, okuye kwaba ngaphansi kokukhishwa ngokweqile ukuze kuchelelwe ngenkasa yezolimo. Kusukela ngo-1994, i-Aquifer 23 sekumenyezelwe ngokusemthethweni ukuthi ixhashazwe ngokweqile, futhi lesi simo siye saqhubeka siwohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba; Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukukhishwa okungekho emthethweni endaweni kuyadlula Amahektha angama-50.000, okwenza le nkinga ibe nzima nakakhulu. Ukulima ngokujulile kube nomthelela omkhulu kule nkinga. Ukuze ujule kulesi sihloko, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i- ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kunomthelela omkhulu ngalokho okwakucatshangwa ngezilwane kanye ne-ecosystem.
Abaphathi bazamile ukunciphisa lesi simo, kodwa imizamo yabo ayenele. Abalimi abaningi, naphezu kwemithethonqubo, bayaqhubeka nokukha amanzi ngokungemthetho, bebeka engcupheni i-ecosystem yase-Las Tablas kuphela kodwa futhi nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi emiphakathini eseduze. Lokhu kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokubhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, njengoba kunomthelela omkhulu ezilwaneni kunalokho obekucatshangwa phambilini.
Umthelela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo
Inkinga yamanzi nayo ibe nomthelela omubi kakhulu eziphilayo kusukela epaki. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukwehla kwenani lezitshalo nezilwane ezincike kulesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Isibonelo, i-masiega, isitshalo esitholakala endaweni eyixhaphozi, isinyamalele kakhulu ngenxa yesomiso. Lokhu kube nomthelela oqondile ezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni, njenge-Iberian reed bunting, inani layo lehle kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva.
Ukunyamalala kwe-marshland nezinye izitshalo zasemanzini kuye kwanciphisa izindawo zokuhlala ezitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni, okube nomthelela ebhalansini ye-ecosystem. Ngakho-ke, isimo samanje e-Las Tablas de Daimiel akuyona nje inkinga yemvelo, kodwa futhi isexwayiso sokulondoloza izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kuso sonke isifunda.
Izixazululo zesikhathi eside
Nakuba izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zidingeka, kubalulekile ukusungula izixazululo ezizinzile isikhathi eside ukuhlehlisa isimo samanje. Ochwepheshe baphakamisa ukuthi kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo ezibhekana nenkinga ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile we-aquifer, okubandakanya ukuvala imithombo engekho emthethweni kanye nokulawula ngokuqinile ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi.
Kubalulekile ukuqhubekela kumodeli yentuthuko ebeka kuqala amanzi kanye nokusimama kwe-ecosystem. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugaywa kabusha kwamahlathi ezindawo ezizungezile, ukubuyiselwa kwemisele yemvelo yemifula, kanye nokuqaliswa kwamasu ezolimo ancike kancane emanzini, okuzosiza futhi ukulwa nenkinga yamanzi ebhekene ne-ecosystem.
Indlela ebanzi ebandakanya bonke ababambiqhaza, okuhlanganisa abalimi, ohulumeni, nezinhlangano zezemvelo, izodingeka ukuze kubhekwane nalolu daba emikhakheni eminingi.
Iqhaza lezikhungo
Uhulumeni kanye neziphathimandla zezemvelo kumele zibambe iqhaza elibonakalayo ekuqalisweni kokusebenza kwe izixazululo ezisebenzayo. Lokhu kubandakanya isidingo sokuqapha njalo izinga lamanzi nezinga lamanzi, kanye nokukhuthaza imfundo yezemvelo phakathi kwezakhamuzi zendawo kanye nezivakashi.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ohulumeni bezifunda kanye nohulumeni bezifunda baxhumanise imizamo yabo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubomgomo zokulawulwa kwamanzi ziyasebenza futhi zisetshenziswa ngokungaguquki. Inkinga yesomiso ingaxazululeka futhi ngokusebenzisa izikhuthazo zomnotho ezikhuthaza ukongiwa kwemvelo.
Ukudalwa kwe izikhuthazo zomnotho ukuze kwamukelwe izinqubo zezolimo ezisimeme kanye nokuvalwa kwemithombo engekho emthethweni kungase kube ukhiye ekuguquleni amandla okuxhashazwa kwamanje. Isibonelo, uxhaso lwabalimi abasebenzisa amasu okunisela asebenzayo kanye nokuhlonipha imikhawulo yokukha amanzi kungasiza ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okunesibopho kwesisetshenziswa.
Isomiso njengenkomba yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Isomiso esikhona e-Las Tablas de Daimiel siwumfanekiso ocacile wemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke. Kubonwe iphethini ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa kanye nokuncipha kwemvula ezindaweni ebezinomswakama ngokwesiko, okwenza kube nezinselele ezinkulu ekuphathweni kwamanzi nokongiwa kwemvelo.
Lokhu akuthinti nje kuphela ukutholakala kwamanzi, kodwa futhi kunomthelela kwezolimo, ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo, nempilo yabantu. Ukulwa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kufanele kube yinto eseqhulwini, ididiyelwe ekuphathweni kwemithombo yamanzi kanye nezinqubomgomo zokongiwa kwemvelo.
Ikusasa le-Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park lisempambanweni yemigwaqo ebucayi. Njengoba ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuqhubeka nokuba nomthelela endleleni yethu yokuphila, kubalulekile ukuthi zonke izinhlaka zomphakathi zihlangane ukuze kutholwe izixazululo ezisimeme kule nkinga ethusayo. Ukulondolozwa kwaleli xhaphozi akubalulekile nje kuphela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kodwa futhi kunemithelela ebalulekile empilweni yemvelo yaso sonke isifunda.
Isikhathi sokuthatha isinyathelo manje. Ukulondolozwa kwe-Las Tablas de Daimiel kubalulekile hhayi ezizukulwaneni zamanje kuphela, kodwa nasezizayo. Kudingeka siqinisekise ukuthi le ngcebo yemvelo ayibi inkumbulo yesikhathi esidlule, kodwa iyachuma futhi inikeza izinzuzo esintwini kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo iminyaka eminingi ezayo.