Imfihlakalo Yamatshe Azihambayo Esigodini Sokufa

Izazi zokwakheka komhlaba uJim McAllister no-Allen Agnew bathola ngo-1948 a into exakile okungaziwa kuye kwathakazelisa futhi kwathakazelisa ososayensi emhlabeni wonke isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka. Sibhekisela ku- amatshe azihambelayo ku IDeath Valley, etholakala eCalifornia. Lesi sigameko senzeka kwesinye sezifunda ezingenamoya kakhulu eMhlabeni, esaziwa ngokushisa kwaso okubabazekayo kanye nezwe elomile, okube nomthelela ku-aura yayo eyimfihlakalo.

Ekuqaleni, inkolelo-mbono evamile yayiwukuthi umoya wawunesibopho sokuhamba kwamadwala endaweni enkulu enesihlabathi, eyayingaphansi kwechibi. Nokho, le theory yachithwa ngokushesha, njengoba ama-trajectories Ukunyakaza kwamatshe kuvame ukuphambana futhi kudlulele, into ebingeke yenzeke ukube umoya bekuyiyona nto eyinhloko enesibopho sokunyakaza.

Eminyakeni edlule, kuye kwenziwa uphenyo oluningi ukuzama ukudalula imfihlo ye amatshe azihambelayo. Kodwa-ke, lolu phenyo lushiye imibuzo eminingi kunezimpendulo, futhi kuze kube manje, azikho izithombe zevidiyo zalesi simo ezithwetshiwe. Ucwaningo luye lwaholela emibonweni eyahlukene, kusukela ekungeneleleni kwamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo kuya ezincazelweni ezinengqondo ezengeziwe ezisekelwe ezintweni zemvelo.

I-hypothesis eyamukelwa kabanzi kuze kube manje ibambe ukuthi amatshe ashelela ogwadule aqhubeke ama-ice sheet ezakheka ngaphansi komhlaba ngenxa yesimo sezulu esithile saleyo ndawo. Lesi simo ngokuvamile senzeka ebusika, lapho umoya obandayo ubangela ukuba imvula yangosuku lwangaphambili ibe yiqhwa, yakhe ungqimba oluncane lweqhwa oluvumela amatshe ukuba ashelele, nakuba lokhu kungachazi ngokugcwele ukuthi kungani amanye amatshe eshintsha ukuma. isiqondiso noma ubuyele emuva ezindleleni osezithathiwe.

Ucwaningo lwakamuva luveze ukuthi amadwala angasheshisa ukunyakaza kwawo aze afike 2 amamitha ngomzuzwana, kodwa lesi sivinini sinzima ukusibona ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili. Abacwaningi base-Columbia University bebelokhu behola imizamo yokuthwebula ukunyakaza kwamadwala, bafaka amadivaysi okulandelela namakhamera ukuze baqophe noma yimuphi umsebenzi. Impendulo yokugcina yale mpicabadala ingase ingabi kude njengoba kwakucatshangwa ngaphambili, futhi zonke izinsuku ziyisinyathelo esiseduze nokuxazulula lesi simo.

Amadwala ase-Death Valley, ikakhulukazi endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi I-Racetrack Playa, ibilokhu iyinto ethakazelisa kakhulu kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Abantu bendawo bakuqaphela lokho abaningi amatshe ashiye imisele phansi, okusho ukuthi bathuthile. Nokho, lesi senzakalo sahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu singachazwa. Kwakungo-2014 lapho kwenziwa ucwaningo olwagcina lubonile ukunyakaza kwamatshe ngesikhathi sangempela.

Eminye imininingwane evele kulolu cwaningo iveze ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwamanzi, iqhwa nomoya yikho okwenza kube lula lokhu. Ebusika, amanzi emvula akha amachibi aphenduka iqhwa njengoba amazinga okushisa ehla ebusuku. Leli qhwa lidala indawo ecishe ingabi nakukhuhlana, okwenza kube nomoya opholile onyakazisa amatshe, akwazi ukushelela amabanga amade. Phakathi nomcimbi othile oqoshiwe, amanye amatshe abonwa esukile Amamitha angu-224 ngezigaba eziningana.

Ikhono lamatshe lokuhamba ngezindlela ezinjalo ezibonakala zingaphezu kwemvelo liye laholela emibonweni eyihaba eye yenezela enganekwaneni yawo. Abanye baye bathi kungenzeka ukuthi bahudulwa izindawo ezingaphandle, kuyilapho abanye bezibuza ukuthi ingabe lesi senzakalo siwumphumela wamandla kazibuthe noma izenzakalo zemeteorological ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili. Nokho, ososayensi baye baphikisana ngalezi zinkolelo-mbono, begxile ekusebenzelaneni phakathi kweqhwa nomoya njengomshayeli oyinhloko ngemuva kokunyakaza kwamatshe.

Ucwaningo olushiwo ngenhla luphinde lwahlaziya ukuthi ukuma kwamatshe kuthinta kanjani umzila wabo. Isibonelo, amatshe anezindawo ezimaholoholo ashiya amathrekhi aqondile, kuyilapho amatshe abushelelezi ejwayele ukulandelela izindlela ezimazombezombe. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwephethini kunikeza abacwaningi okwengeziwe izinkomba mayelana nokuthi kungani amatshe enyakaza indlela ahamba ngayo.

Nokho, imfihlakalo yangempela ayikona nje kuphela ukunyakaza kwamadwala, kodwa futhi endaweni ezungezile ye-Death Valley ngokwayo. Lena enye yezindawo ezimbi kakhulu eMhlabeni, ezinamazinga okushisa angedlula Ama-56 degrees Celsius, okwenza kube indawo enenzondo yokuphila. Imvula ayitholakali, okunomthelela endaweni ewugwadule kanye nokuntuleka kwezimila. Lokhu kwenza isimangaliso samatshe azulazulayo sibe simangalisa nakakhulu, ngoba ukuphila kule ndawo kunzima kakhulu.

Izazi zokuma komhlaba ziyaqhubeka nokuhlola umlando wokuma komhlaba walesi sifunda, njengoba i-Racetrack Playa yayiwumbhede wechibi wasendulo owawukhona ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule. Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi amatshe, akhiwe ngezinto ezifana dolomite y syenite, sebeneminyaka eyizigidi bekule ndawo, okuwumphumela wokuguguleka kwezintaba ezizungezile. I-Death Valley, kanye nomkhuba wayo wamatshe azihambelayo, isiphenduke indawo ethakaselekayo kubo bobabili abavakashi nososayensi.

Emkhakheni walesi senzakalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izici ezibonakalayo zamatshe nenhlabathi aphumula kuyo. Amazinga okushisa adlulele esigodini adala indawo lapho ukuguguleka kungagcini nje ngokulolonga amadwala kodwa futhi kunomthelela endleleni anyakaza ngayo. Njengoba lezi zici ziqhubeka zicutshungulwa, kuphakama imibuzo eyengeziwe mayelana nalesi simo, okwenza i-Death Valley ibe yindawo eqhubekayo yokutholwa nokucwaninga.

Ngaphezu kwesenzakalo sayo esidumile samatshe ashelelayo, i-Death Valley inezinye izinto eziheha izivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Ngokumelene nesizinda sendawo yaso ewugwadule, udedangendlale, nezilwane zasendle eziyivelakancane, lesi sigodi siyindawo lapho izimangaliso zemvelo zingahlolwa futhi zaziswe khona. Kusukela endaweni ephansi kunazo zonke eNyakatho Melika, umcengezi we I-Badwater, ezigodini nasezintabeni ezizungezile ithafa eliwugwadule, wonke amagumbi acwile emlandweni nakusayensi yokwakheka komhlaba eyingqayizivele.

Njengengxenye eyengeziwe, isiko elidumile liye laqopha i-Death Valley ezingqondweni zabaningi njengendawo eyimfihlakalo nokuthakaselayo. Umqondo wokuthi amatshe ahamba ngokwawo uye waphefumulela izindaba kanye nemibono eyandisa ilukuluku mayelana nalesi sifunda esiyingqayizivele. Ngokwesiko elidumile, lezi zigigaba zisetshenziswe kumafilimu, ezincwadini nakumadokhumentari, okukhombisa intshisekelo eqhubekayo kuzimfihlakalo ezisizungezile. Ososayensi balondoloza ukulingana phakathi kokuthakasela okungaziwa kanye nokufuna izimpendulo ngocwaningo nangocwaningo.

I-Death Valley ayiyona nje indawo yokubuka amatshe enyakaza, kodwa isayithi lapho isayensi nemvelo kuhlangana khona umbukwane oyingqayizivele novezwayo. Amadwala, nakuba engaphili, anikeza ukuqonda ngezinqubo zokuma komhlaba ezilolonge iplanethi yethu phakathi nezigidi zeminyaka futhi zisaqhubeka zenza kanjalo.

Ngaphandle kobuhle bayo bemvelo kanye nemfihlakalo, i-Death Valley imele ingxenye ebalulekile yomhlaba wethu, isifundisa ngokukhuthazela kwemvelo ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu kanye nokugcina uphila umoya wokuhlola komuntu.

• Amatshe azihambelayo anyakaziswa yinhlanganisela yeqhwa nomoya.
• Lesi simo sifundwe kusukela ngo-1948, kodwa ukubonwa kwayo kuvidiyo kwatholakala okokuqala ngo-2013.
• Isigodi singenye yezindawo ezimbi kakhulu eMhlabeni ngokwezinga lokushisa nokushoda kwamanzi.
• Ukuma nesisindo samatshe kuthonya umzila wabo wokunyakaza.