Phakathi kwemvelo yemvelo ebaluleke kakhulu emvelweni kanye nokugcinwa kwezinto eziphilayo, kukhona amaxhaphozi. Umgomo waminyaka yonke uwukuqwashisa ngesidingo sokuvikela lezi zindawo zemvelo eziyigugu. Ngakho-ke, ngoFebhuwari 2 wonyaka ngamunye i- Usuku Lomhlaba Wamaxhaphozi. Ixhaphozi liwuhlelo lwemvelo lapho umhlabathi ucwiliswa khona unomphela noma ngezikhathi ezithile emanzini. Lokhu kungenzeka ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini ahlanzekile nakwezinye izindawo ezinosawoti othile.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yimaphi amaxhaphozi, yiziphi izici zawo eziyinhloko nokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani.
Yini ixhaphozi
Kuyisimo semvelo semvelo, esinokulinganisela kwemvelo, okususelwa enhlabathini njalo noma ngaphansi kwezikhukhula ngokuphelele. Lezi zinhlelo zemvelo zingavela ezindaweni lapho kunamanzi ahlanzekile noma lapho kukhona khona amanzi anosawoti. Ngenxa yalezi zici, amaxhaphozi angakwazi gcina inani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi unikeze ingcebo yemvelo ngokuhlukahluka okungenakuqhathaniswa. Lokhu kugqamisa yayo ukubaluleka kwekusasa.
Ugcizelela ukubaluleka kwamaxhaphozi ngoba abalulekile empilweni yethu yangomuso esimeme. Amaxhaphozi angaba yimvelo noma abe okokwenziwa. Izinhlobo ezithile zamaxhaphozi emvelo zingakhula zibe amaxhaphozi, amanye amaxhaphozi kanye nezindawo ezingaseceleni komfula, ama-peatlands, njll. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, singabona izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi ezidalwe ngokuzenzela noma ezilungisiwe. Noma nini lapho izimo zemvelo zikuvumela, ingakwazi ukugcina umswakama ngokungeyikho futhi unomphela.
Ngokuvamile, lezi zinhlobo zamaxhaphozi akhiwe zakhiwa ukuvikela ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo engcupheni yokuqothulwa. Isetshenziselwa nezinjongo zokuvakasha ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zemvelo nokusiza ekusabalaliseni inani lokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Izinhlobo zamaxhaphozi
Ngoba lezi zindawo ezingamaxhaphozi zicebile kakhulu, sezibe amathuluzi abalulekile okuvikela imvelo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaxhaphozi, futhi zihlukaniswa ngokohlobo lwamanzi azenzayo kanye nezinye izici okufanele sizilandele. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo zamaxhaphozi uhlobo lwamanzi. Sithola amaxhaphozi anamanzi ahlanzekile namanzi anosawoti. Singahlukanisa futhi phakathi kwamaxhaphozi emvelo namaxhaphozi enziwe ngabantu.
Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaxhaphozi:
- Umfula omanzi: Yindawo eyixhaphozi enezici zemvelo nohlobo lwamanzi ahlanzekile. Imvamisa zakhiwa imifula, imifudlana nezimpophoma.
- Amaxhaphozi echibiZakhiwa ngamachibi nangamachibi athile emvelo anamanzi angenasawoti.
- Ama-palustres asezindaweni ezishisayo: Kubandakanya izindawo ezinemithombo emincane, ama-oase, amathafa ezikhukhula, amahlathi amaxhaphozi, amaxhaphozi nezimbumbulu. Isici esiyinhloko salolu hlobo lwamaxhaphozi ukuthi zonke zinemithombo yemvelo futhi amanzi ahlanzekile.
- Amaxhaphozi asolwandle: Njengoba igama liphakamisa, zingamaxhaphozi emvelo, kepha akhiwa ngamanzi anosawoti. Zivame ukuvela ezindaweni ezingasogwini lapho ulwandle lungajulile khona, njengamabhishi anamadwala, anesihlabathi kanye nezinye izindawo ezinamatshe.
- Okwenziwe: Yilawo maxhaphozi akhiqizwa ngemisebenzi yomuntu ngenhloso yokugcina noma ukulawula umthamo othile wamanzi. Lapha singabona amadamu namadamu. Kungenzeka futhi babe nenhloso yokonga inani elithile noma izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezivikelwe.
- Izizalo zemifula: imifula eminingi yakha imifula ngaphambi kwemilomo yayo yokugcina futhi kwenziwa amanye amaxhaphozi. Isici sabo esiyinhloko ukuthi zakhiwe ngamanzi anosawoti avela emachwebeni futhi inemvelaphi yemvelo. Kwesinye isikhathi iyakwazi ukwakha amaxhaphozi amanzi anosawoti noma izindawo zemihlume.
- Amaxhaphozi echibi lamanzi anosawoti: Kubukeka kufana kakhulu nalokho okwedlule, kepha amachibi namachibi omabili anama-brackish njengoba atholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini. Futhi banemvelaphi yemvelo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ukuze i-ecosystem ibhekwe njengexhaphozi, kufanele ihlangabezane nalezi zici ezilandelayo:
- Kucatshangelwe izindawo eziguqukayo noma izinguquko ezihamba kancane phakathi kwezinhlelo zasemanzini nezasemhlabeni. Lokho wukuthi, zithathwa njengezinhlelo zemvelo ezixubekile ngoba zigcina ezinye zezici zesistimu ethile yezemvelo nenye. Sithole ukuthi ezinye izingxenye zigxile kakhulu emvelweni wasemhlabeni, kanti ezinye zigxile kakhulu emvelweni yasolwandle.
- Ziyizindawo zezikhukhula, ngakho-ke zingaba izindawo zesikhashana noma zaphakade. Izindawo zesikhashana zivela ezindaweni ezinamabhuloki amancane, agcwala kalula uma lina kakhulu.
- Amanzi asemaxhaphozini kufanele abe amanzi amile, imifudlana emincane, amanzi ahlanzekile noma amanzi anosawoti, futhi kufaka phakathi izindawo ezincane zasolwandle ezinokujula okuthile. Umphumela wamanzi ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi uphansi kakhulu. Imvamisa lo mphumela ngeke weqe amamitha ayi-6.
- Umkhawulo wexhaphozi uzonqunywa ngohlobo lwawo lotshalo endaweni ngayinye. Izimila zi-hydrophilic, okungukuthi, zidinga ukuthambekela okuhle ekuniseleni. Kungenzeka futhi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimila ezingekho-hydrophilic nezimila ezimele umngcele wexhaphozi, lapho enye imvelo iphela futhi iqale ngemvelo yasemhlabeni ngokuphelele.
- Amaxhaphozi ayindawo ekahle yezinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayoikakhulukazi izinyoni ezifudukayo eziphakela futhi ziphumule emaxhaphozini emhlabeni jikelele. Singathola nezitshalo nezilwane ezinjengezilwane ezincelisayo, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, izinhlanzi nezinambuzane.
Ukubaluleka kwemvelo kwamaxhaphozi
Ixhaphozi liyisimo semvelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwemvelo. Bayakwazi ukugcina ukwehlukahlukana kwenani elikhulu lezinyoni, izinhlanzi namanye amaqembu ezilwane. Zibuye zibe nezitshalo ezincike emanzini.
Uma sengeza ukubaluleka emhlabeni womuntu, izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi zingakha izindawo zokukhiqiza ukudla, njengerayisi, elidinga amanzi amaningi ukuze likhule. Ezinye izici ezibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni umswakama ukulawulwa komjikelezo we-hydrological, kufaka phakathi indawo engaphezulu kanye ne-aquifer. Iphinde ibambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekulawuleni ukuguguleka kanye nokulawulwa kwemijikelezo yezakhi.
Ngalesi sizathu, iningi lamaxhaphozi linombuso wokuvikela othathwa njengesiqiwu semvelo. Kulesi sigaba kanye namandla ombuso wokuvikela imisebenzi yezomnotho inqunyelwe ocwaningweni nokungena kwabavakashi okulawulwa kakhulu. Konke lokhu kwenzelwa ukonga ubuningi bezinto eziphilayo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ayini amaxhaphozi nokuthi kubaluleke ngani.