Ukungcola ezingeni lomhlaba kuyinkinga enkulu okufanele ilwelwe kusuka phansi kuya phezulu. Lapho sikhuluma ngokungcola okwenziwa amazwe amabili, sikhuluma ikakhulukazi ngokungcoliswa komoya. Yize kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokungcola, kungukungcola komoya okudala imiphumela emibi esikalini samaplanethi njengokufudumala komhlaba kanye nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. I- amazwe amaningi angcolisa umhlaba Yibo labo abanesibalo senani elikhulu kakhulu lokukhipha igesi emkhathini.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela ukuthi yimaphi amazwe angcolisa kakhulu emhlabeni nokuthi yiziphi izimbangela ezinkulu zalokhu kungcola.
Ukungcoliswa komoya
Le yinkinga engasasetshenziswanga kuphela yizintshisekelo zemvelo. Eminyakeni edlule sekube yisihloko esiyingxenye yempilo yansuku zonke yawo wonke umuntu. Ukungcoliswa komoya kuyindaba ethakazelisa umhlaba wonke futhi isixazululo sayo asikho ezandleni zikahulumeni noma emazweni omhlaba, kepha wonke umuntu anganikela ngohlamvu lwesihlabathi ukuze akwazi ukumisa le miphumela. Ubufakazi obusobala bokungcoliswa komoya yilabo bantu abadumile bokungcola okuhlangana ezindaweni zasemadolobheni futhi okuyingozi empilweni.
Kunezinye izinhlobo zokungcola komoya ezingatholakali kalula noma ezingabonakali kepha futhi zinemiphumela ebulalayo empilweni yezidalwa eziphilayo kanye nemvelo. Lezi zingcolisi zidala ukufudumala kanye nomhlaba ngemiphumela eyinhlekelele. Phakathi kwemvelaphi esinayo yokungcola komoya sibona ukuthi, phakathi nezinkulungwane zeminyaka yempilo kule planethi, kukhishwe umoya ongcolile.
Ukukhishwa kobuthi kuyingxenye yomjikelezo wempilo, kepha ngokwesilinganiso semvelo. Lokho kusho ukuthi, ukungcoliswa ngokwemvelo akuphazamisi kakhulu ukwakheka noma ukwakheka zezinto eziphilayo ngoba kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo. Kuyingxenye yomjikelezo futhi ayinyuswa yimisebenzi yabantu. Lokhu kukhishwa kufaka phakathi amagesi akhishwa ngesikhathi kuqhuma intaba-mlilo, kepha imiphumela yawo ayihlali unomphela. Kodwa-ke, ngokufika kwenguquko yezimboni kumuntu futhi ngokukhula okwandayo kwabantu, sithola iphanorama yokungcola komoya ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele.
Noma yikuphi ukungcoliswa komoya kubhekisela ekubeni khona kwezinto ezinobuthi ezikhiqizwa umsebenzi womuntu. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ubukhulu bale nkinga, ungabheka isihloko sokuthi kanjani I-Google Earth ikhombisa idatha yokungcola komoya futhi futhi mayelana ibalazwe elibonisa ukungcoliswa komoya esiwuphefumulayo.
Imiphumela eyinhloko
Njengoba sazi, imiphumela yokungcoliswa komoya miningi. Eyokuqala futhi eqondile kakhulu ukwanda kanye nokuba kubi kwezifo zokuphefumula nenhliziyo phakathi kwabantu abahlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezingcolile. Kukhona nezindawo eziseduze nemithombo yezimboni ezikhiphela le mikhiqizo enobuthi emkhathini. Kuzo zonke lezi zindawo, izifo zokuphefumula nezenhliziyo zanda kakhulu.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe u-3% wabo bonke abantu abangeniswa ezibhedlela Kubangelwa ukwanda kwezifo ezihlobene nenani lokungcola okusemkhathini. Amazwe angcolisa kakhulu emhlabeni yilawo lapho kunokuxinana okuphezulu kwala magesi ngakho-ke, kukhona nemiphumela emikhulu kwezempilo.
Omunye umphumela ongathi sína wokungcola komoya umphumela owaziwayo wokushisa okushisa ukushisa. Akufanele sididanise umphumela wokushisa kwendlu kanjalo nokwanda kwawo. Inkinga akukhona ukuthi kunomphumela we-greenhouse (ngaphandle kwawo, impilo ibingeke ibe njengoba siwazi), kodwa ukuthi imiphumela iyanda ngenxa yala magesi. Ezinye zezinkinga ezibangelwa ukungcoliswa komoya zihlanganisa ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngomthelela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ungafunda isihloko esithi umehluko phakathi kokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokufudumala komhlaba futhi futhi ukuthi iJalimane ibhekana kanjani nemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Amazwe amaningi angcolisa umhlaba
Siyakwazi lokho minyaka yonke amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-36.000 we-CO2 akhishwa emkhathini. Yigesi ebamba ukushisa eyinhloko enomthelela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Izindlela zokukhipha la maphethiloli zibangelwa ikakhulukazi ukungcolisa imisebenzi yabantu. Nokho, amazwe ambalwa kuphela angcolisa kakhulu emhlabeni anesibopho sokukhipha ingxenye enkulu yala magesi. Kungashiwo ukuthi amazwe angcolisa kakhulu emhlabeni eminyakeni yamuva kube yiChina, i-United States, i-India, iRussia neJapane.
Uma sikhuluma ngokukhishwa kwe-CO2, empeleni sikubiza ngokuthi yigesi eyinhloko, kodwa futhi njengesilinganiso. Lapho sesivele sazi ukukhishwa okulingana ku-CO2, sesivele sesiyazi iCarbon Footprint yombuso ngamunye, yize lokho okukhiqizayo njengokungcola kungenjalo, ngokunengqondo, akuyona yonke into noma i-Dioxide nje.
Uma singenawo umqondo, kufanele sazi ukuthi amazinga okungcola amanje awakaze abonakale okungenani iminyaka eyizigidi ezi-3, lapho bekungekho bantu emhlabeni. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngaleso sikhathi, uMhlaba wawungaphansi kwenkathi yokusebenza kwentaba-mlilo enamandla kakhulu.
Ngemininingwane engatholakala, sithola ukuthi iChina ubhekele ama-30% akho konke ukukhishwa emhlabeni jikelele, kuyilapho e-United States inesibopho se-14%. Ake sihlaziye izinga lamazwe angcoliswe kakhulu emhlabeni:
- I-China, engaphezulu kwamathani ayizigidi eziyi-10.065 we-CO2 akhishiwe
- I-United States, enamathani ayizigidi ezingama-5.416 we-CO2
- I-India, enamathani ayizigidi ezingama-2.654 we-CO2
- I-Russia, enamathani ayi-1.711 wezigidi ze-CO2
- IJapan, amathani ayi-1.162 wezigidi ze-CO2
- IJalimane, amathani ayizigidi ezingama-759 we-CO2
- I-Iran, amathani ayizigidi ezingama-720 we-CO2
- ISouth Korea, amathani ayizigidi ezingama-659 we-CO2
- I-Saudi Arabia, amathani ayizigidi ezingama-621 we-CO2
- I-Indonesia, amathani ayizigidi ezingama-615 we-CO2
Yize iningi lesikhundla lihlala linjalo maqondana nonyaka we-2018, kuyacaca ukuthi iCanada ishiywe ngaphandle ukushiya indawo engunombolo 10 iye e-Indonesia, elinye lamazwe asathuthuka abona ukuthi ukukhishwa kwawo kukhula kakhulu.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana namazwe angcolisa kakhulu emhlabeni kanye nemiphumela emibi yokungcola komoya emhlabeni jikelele.