Ngaphakathi kokhokho bomuntu sinayo i- I-Homo ergaster. Kuyi-hominid eyavela ezwenikazi lase-Afrika cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-2 edlule. Selokhu kwatholakala izinsalela zalaba bantu, kube nokuphikisana okukhulu kochwepheshe. Abanye bacabanga ukuthi lezi zinhlobo kanye ne Homo erectus ekugcineni ziyizinhlobo ezifanayo, kanti abanye ochwepheshe bathi zinhlobo ezihlukile.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, imvelaphi kanye nokufuna ukwazi kwe- I-Homo ergaster.
Izici eziyinhloko
Umbono owandile namuhla ngukuthi lolu hlobo lomuntu lwalungukhokho oqondile we . Kubhekwa njenge- i-hominid yokuqala engashiya izwekazi lase-Afrika. I-anatomy enalezi zinhlobo imele ukweqa kokuvela kwezinye izinhlobo zangaphambilini. Ngale ndlela, siqokomisa ukuphakama okungafinyelela cishe kumamitha ayi-1.8. Njengakwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane, lokhu kugqama ngokukhethekile ngokuba namandla amakhulu we-cranial. Wayenekhono elingaphezulu kakhulu kokhokho bakhe. Ngalesi sizathu, ababhali abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwenyama ephezulu kuchaza ukwanda kwalomthamo we-cranial.
Kuhunyushiwe, I-Homo ergaster kusho indoda esebenza. Lezi zinhlobo zilethe ukuthuthuka okukhulu ekwakhiweni kwamathuluzi futhi izinto zawo zaqala ukuba yinkimbinkimbi. Ngokuba nekhwalithi engcono yalezi zitsha, bekwenzeka ukuvumela inqubo yokuzingela neminye imisebenzi yezenhlalo.
Izifundo ebezenziwe kule hominid zisho ukuthi ochwepheshe bangakubheka futhi njengomphathi we Homo habilis. Ngokwesinye isandla, abanye ababhali abavumelani ngokugcwele nalokhu futhi akukho ukuvumelana okuphelele. Kunabantu abaningi be-paleoanthropologists abacabanga ukuthi kungaba uhlobo olulodwa. Izinsalela zokuqala zezingebhezi ezingaba ngowesifazane zilinganiselwa eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1.75 ubudala.
Enye yezinto ezivelele kakhulu yileyo yango-1984. Kwavubukulwa amathambo omfana oneminyaka engu-11 futhi avumela ukuba kufundwe ukwakheka komzimba wakhe. Phakathi kwezinto ezigqame kakhulu ubude bakhe. Wayengamamitha acishe abe ngu-1.6 ngosuku lokufa kwakhe, ngakho-ke ibingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.8. Amandla ogebhezi ayengama-cubic centimeter angaba ngu-880 kanti umzimba wawo wawunokwakheka kwawo wonke amathambo acishe afane nalawo womuntu wamanje.
Ukuqomisana nobubanzi bezindawo ze- I-Homo ergaster
Le hominid yayiphila ngesikhathi i-Middle Pleistocene epoch cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1.9 edlule. Imali etholakele yembula ukuthi indawo yabo yokuhlala yemvelo lapho usuku nempilo yathuthukiswa khona yayise-Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya nase-Eritrea. Kuyo yonke le ndawo isimo sezulu esasikhona sasomile kakhulu futhi isomiso sathatha cishe iminyaka eyi-100.000 XNUMX.
Abanye ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi i- I-Homo ergaster bekuyiyona hominid yokuqala engashiya izwekazi lase-Afrika. Ngenxa yalokhu kufuduka, yakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinye izindawo zeplanethi lapho kwakukhona khona ezinye izici zezulu, izimila nezilwane. Ngaphambi kokushiya izwekazi lase-Afrika, lakhula kuyo yonke le ndawo, lagxumela e-Middle East Asia phakathi kweminyaka elinganiselwa ku-1.8 no-1.4 million edlule. Kuyaziwa ukuthi yafika yathatha izindawo zaseCaucasus. Ezinye izinsalela zitholakale eSpain nase-Italy kusukela eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1.4 edlule.
Kunochwepheshe abaningi besayensi abathi yasheshe yanikezela Homo erectus ekugcineni njengomanduleli. Abanye ososayensi bathi bayizinhlobo ezifanayo eziyehluka ebangeni labo. Emkhakheni wezakhi zofuzo sithola ukwehluka kofuzo kuye ngemvelo. Uma uhlobo luqala endaweni ehlukile kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ithuthukise ezinye izici ezihlukile zokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi uhlobo luhlukile, kepha luguquka ngenxa yolunye uchungechunge lokuzivumelanisa.
Izici zomzimba ze I-Homo ergaster
Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izici zomzimba anazo lo muntu. Ukhakhayi lwayo lwalunombono we-supraorbital. Indawo yamashiya yayincane kakhulu kunaleyo yamadlozi, yize yayinkudlwana kunaleyo yomuntu wamanje. Isisindo esikhishwe phakathi sasiphakathi kwama-52 no-68 kg futhi babepheke ngokuphelele. Imilenze yakhe yayinde futhi abukho ubufakazi bokuthi isimilo esimile ngokocansi. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi bekungekho mehluko wokwakheka phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Phakathi kwabo babengenza cishe imisebenzi efanayo kungakhathalekile ubulili.
Ukubukeka kobuso kwaphawulwa ngamakhala aphume kakhulu kanye nomhlathi namazinyo amancane kunalawo we Homo habilis. Ukukhula kobuchopho kwakukhuthazwa ukushintsha kokudla, futhi isifuba sancipha siye emahlombe, kuyilapho amathambo ethanga eba made.
Ezinye izici zomzimba ezikhiqize ushintsho olubalulekile endleleni yokulawula ukushisa kwangaphakathi. Futhi ukuthi angaba nokujuluka futhi amenze ukuthi alahlekelwe yizinwele zomzimba esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside. Izinwele zekhanda zavela emaphashini athuthuka ngokuqhubekayo. Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi lo muntu wayephethe ngokwengeziwe ukwenza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke ibidinga amandla amaningi ne-oxygenation ukuze ikwazi ukufeza.
Ukuphefumula kuyeke ukuba ngomlomo kuphela futhi kwaqala nokuphefumula ngamakhala. Yile ndlela abakwazi ngayo ukusinda endaweni eyi-savanna evulekile lapho ukuhamba okwandayo kwakudingeka khona ukuze babalekele izilwane ezizingelayo nokuzingela izilwane zabo.
Ukuziphatha
Ochwepheshe abaningi bathi phakathi kokuziphatha kwe I-Homo ergaster akusasetshenziswa izihlahla ukuze kunyakaze. Yile ndlela akwazi ngayo ukulahla ngokuphelele isimo se-arboreal sabaningi bokhokho bakhe futhi aphile phansi kuphela. Bangama-hominids anesitayela esiningi futhi i-anatomy yabo ijwayele indawo ababehlala kuyo. Ukuhlala e-savannah kwakungelula neze ukusuka ezihlahleni. Bahamba ngendlela efanayo nabantu banamuhla.
Uma siya engxenyeni yezenhlalo, basungula ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi emiphakathini. Ulimi lomlomo luvele yize kungebona bonke ososayensi abavumelana nalokhu.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungazi kabanzi nge I-Homo ergaster kanye nezici zabo.