Kufanele sazi ukuthi amanzi ayinto eyigugu kakhulu futhi edingekayo ezimpilweni zethu. Ochwepheshe, ososayensi nomhlaba wonke bayakwazi. Sidinga amanzi ukuze siphile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi asisebenzisi kuphela emakhaya ethu ukuphuza, ukugeza nokupheka, kepha kubalulekile kwezolimo, imfuyo kanye nezimboni. Ukuba namanzi asezingeni kubalulekile kokubili emphakathini nasemvelweni. Ngakho-ke, iqoqo lawo wonke amanzi emhlabeni wethu laziwa njenge hydrosphere. Le hydrosphere iqoqa amanzi kuzo zonke izifundazwe zayo: okuqinile, uketshezi kanye nomhwamuko.
Kulesi sihloko sizobheka i-hydrosphere nokubaluleka kwayo kwiplanethi.
Yini i-hydrosphere
I-hydrosphere iyingxenye ye-biosphere equkethe amanzi kwiplanethi yethu. Kubandakanya amanzi kuzo zonke izifunda zawo nangamanzi angaphezulu nangaphansi komhlaba. Iqhwa eliqongelela ku- izimbotshana zeqhwa elisendaweni emincane, emigqeni yezintaba nawo wonke amanzi ajikeleza emkhathini nasemifuleni, amachibi nolwandle nakho kuyingxenye ye-hydrosphere.
I-hydrosphere inezici ezibalulekile esingazifingqa njenge:
- Ubukhona ekuguqulweni okuqhubekayo kwezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ngokomzimba. Isibonelo, amadwala amaningi ancibilika ngamanzi emvula futhi aletha ukwakheka okungakholeki njenge ama-stalactites nama-stalagmites.
- Isebenzisana njalo ne Ukuqhuma komhlaba futhi iguqula isakhiwo. Lesi sigaxa asihlali silungiswa, kepha siyashintshwa ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
- Kuyingxenye ebalulekile yeningi lezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni jikelele, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kwe-hydrosphere ekuthuthukisweni kwempilo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ithonya kanjani imvelo.
- Amanzi ayinto ebalulekile ekwakheni impilo njengoba sazi namuhla.
- Amaphesenti amancane kuphela awo wonke amanzi akhona emhlabeni alungele ukusetshenziswa ngabantu nezinye izinhlobo. Noma kunjalo, lelo phesenti elincane lisekela wonke umuntu.
Umsuka we-hydrosphere
Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa izinto zasemhlabeni, amanzi ayesefomini ketshezi kanye negesi. Amanzi ayeseplanethi yethu, ekuqaleni kwakho konke, ayengumphunga nje. Lokhu kungenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu abusa iplanethi yethu, eshisa kakhulu. Lelo bhola lomlilo we-incandescent elaliwuMhlaba ekuqaleni kwakho konke lenza ukuthi amanzi angabi kwesinye isimo ngaphezu komusi.
Kamuva, lapho iplanethi yethu iqala ukuphola, lapho yayingaguqulwa ibe uketshezi, okwenza kube nezilwandle nezilwandle zomhlaba wonke. Kwabanda futhi, kwakha izinguzunga zeqhwa namakhokho eqhwa asezindaweni eziphakeme. Amanye alawo manzi ahlala emkhathini njengomhwamuko wamanzi futhi enza ukuba kwakheke amafu.
Yakhiwa kanjalo-ke imali yokuqala. Kodwa-ke, siyazi ukuthi amanzi awazange ahlale engaguquki kuwo wonke umlando womhlaba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusakazwa okungaguquki noguquko, singasho ukuthi kuku umjikelezo wamanzi. Ngenxa yezinguquko ezahlukahlukene ezenzekile kwisimo sezulu eminyakeni edlule, ubukhulu beqhwa, amanzi oketshezi kanye ne-steam nakho kuguquliwe. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni nezici zezwe nazo zishintshe ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
Indawo engaphezulu enamanzi ibuye yehluka ngokuya ngamandla omhlaba. Ngaphandle koguquko lomzimba lwamakhemikhali nolwe-geological amanzi angaba nalo, izinto eziphilayo ziphinde zasho ushintsho olukhulu lwe-hydrosphere. Umnikelo wento ephilayo kanye nokuguqulwa kwezimpawu zayo zomzimba kwenze nokuguquka kwamanzi nakho. Isenzo sabantu yiso esishintshe kakhulu umjikelezo wamanzi, ngoba sidale izinguquko ekuhanjisweni kwawo, ukuhlanzwa, ukungcoliswa kanye nezinguquko esimweni somzimba ngenxa yokwanda kwamazinga okushisa adalwa ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
Kusukela amanzi ajiya ngenxa yokuphola kweplanethi, ibilokhu iguqula futhi iguqula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukwakheka
Sizohlaziya ukwakheka kwe-hydrosphere igxathu negxathu:
- Amanzi aqinile. Le ngxenye yamanzi eplanethi yiyona equkethe amanzi ezigxotsheni, iqhwa nezinguzunga zeqhwa. Izindawo zeqhwa ezintantayo zaziwa ngokuthi "iphakethe leqhwa." Lonke iqoqo lamanzi asesimweni esiqinile laziwa ngokuthi i-cryosphere, into eyinhloko engaphakathi kwe-hydrosphere ethonya umoya. ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
- Amanzi esimweni soketshezi. Lawa manzi yiwo akha amachibi, amachweba, imifula, izilwandle, izilwandle, amanzi anemisele, amanzi agelezayo, namanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ezilwandle nasezilwandle sithola izilwandle nezilwandle, ngale ndlela singakwazi ukuqonda kangcono Imvelo yasemanzini. Kukhona nenani elincane kakhulu lamanzi ngaphakathi kwezidalwa eziphilayo.
- Amanzi esimweni segesi. Ngamanzi asesimweni somhwamuko atholakala emkhathini. Inokwakheka okuthile kanye nevolumu kuye ngendawo kanye nesikhathi sonyaka esizithola sikuso. Ukubaluleka kwe-hydrosphere ezinhlelweni zesimo sezulu kuyabonakala, okubonakala ku- ukwakheka kwesimo sezulu.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi kuwo wonke umhlaba
Ukukunika umbono, i-hydrosphere yakhiwe ngamanzi ayi-1,4 trillion km3. Leli nani lamanzi lisatshalaliswa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Ama-97% ezilwandle nasolwandle.
- 2.5% ngendlela yamanzi amasha.
- Okusele okungu-0.5% kusatshalaliswa kwezinye izindawo.
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu esinazo namuhla inikezwa yi ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ngabantu. Ngemisebenzi yethu yezomnotho sehlisa isithunzi futhi sehlisa izinga lamanzi lisesimweni esihle. Akudingeki ukuthi kushiwo, amanzi acwebile awasekho ndawo emhlabeni. Singcolisa futhi silulaza amanzi esiwadingayo ukuze siphile.
Ngenhlanhla, sinamandla okukhiqiza kabusha amanzi kanye nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa, kanye nokuqonda ukubaluleka kwesimo sezulu. Singakwazi nokukhipha usawoti emanzini ukuze aphuze. Inkinga ngakho konke lokhu ukuthi kuholela ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu kwamandla kanye nokungcola okwengeziwe ngakolunye uhlangothi. Kufanele sazi ukuthi amanzi abaluleke kangakanani kubantu nasezimpilweni eziseplanethini.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-hydrosphere nezici zayo.