Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kubangele izinguquko ezinkulu emhlabeni wethu, futhi omunye wemiphumela ekhathaza kakhulu yi i-acidification yolwandle. Lesi simo, esisongela ukuphila kwezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zasolwandle, sesivele sikhona e- I-Western Arctic Ocean. Ucwaningo olwenziwe yi-NOAA nabanye abahlanganyeli, olushicilelwe kujenali Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu, kuveza ukuthi ukugcwala kwe-asidi kwala manzi kungase kube nemiphumela ephawulekayo ku-shellfish nezinye izilwane endaweni ezungezile, kuthinte imiphakathi yabantu ethembele kuzo.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi phakathi kuka-1990 no-2010, Ukujula kwamanzi ane-asidi kukhuphuke ukusuka kumamitha angaba ngu-99 kuya ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-244. Lokhu kwanda okushaqisayo kugqamisa ukushesha le nqubo okwenzeka ngayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwandle emhlabeni.
Njengoba ulwandle lumunca i-carbon dioxide (CO2), amanzi aba acidic kakhulu. Lokhu kwanda kwe-acidity kwenza kube nzima ngezilwane ezigobhozekile, njenge-shellfish neminenke yasolwandle, ukwakha amagobolondo afanelekayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zinambuzane ziba buthaka, zidale inkinga enkulu emiphakathini yase-Arctic ethembele kuzo ukuze ithole ukudla. Ukuze uqonde kangcono umthelela we ukuncibilika kweqhwa lolwandle Ku-ecosystem, kubalulekile ukufunda ukuthi i-acidification ithinta kanjani izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Omunye umbhali wocwaningo, I-Wei-Jun Cai, waseNyuvesi yaseDelaware, waphawula lokho I-Arctic Ocean iwulwandle lokuqala lapho ukwanda okusheshayo nokukhulu kwe-acidification kuye kwabonwa, ngesilinganiso okungenani esiphindwe kabili kunasePacific noma i-Atlantic Oceans..
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha yolwandle kanye nokulingiswa kwamamodeli kubonise lokho Ukwanda kokugeleza kwamanzi esuka ePacific eya e-Arctic phakathi nobusika kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokwanda kwe-asidi kule ndawo.. Lokhu kubangelwa amaphethini okujikeleza kwegazi nokuncibilika kweqhwa olwandle ehlobo, okuvumela amanzi amaningi asePacific ukuba agelezele e-Arctic, aqongelele futhi andise amazinga e-carbon dioxide, nawo ehlise i-pH yamanzi ase-Arctic. Ukwenziwa kwe-asidi ngokushesha kwe-Arctic Ocean kuyindaba ekhulayo yokukhathazeka kwabacwaningi.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ukuncibilika kweqhwa olwandle kuye kwenza lesi simo saba sibi kakhulu, kwavumela amanzi amaningi asePacific, asevele enamazinga aphezulu e-CO.2, ngena e-Arctic Ocean. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amanzi abe neasidi ngesivinini esishaqisayo. Njengamanje, i-pH yamanzi e-Arctic ihlale yehla, okungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle kanye nenhlalakahle yomuntu.
Umthelela Ezinhlobonhlobo Zezinto Eziphilayo Zasolwandle
I-Ocean acidification inemiphumela elimazayo empilweni yasolwandle, ikakhulukazi lezo zinhlobo ezincike ku-calcium carbonate ukuze zakhe izakhiwo zazo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinto eziphilayo ezibalulekile ohlelweni lokudla, njenge:
- Ama-Pteropods: Eyaziwa ngokuthi “izimvemvane zasolwandle,” leminenke emincane ibalulekile ezinhlotsheni eziningi zasolwandle, kuhlanganise nezinhlanzi nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle.
- AmaMollusks: Njengembaza nezimbaza, okuyimithombo yokudla yabantu nezinye izilwane.
- Amakhorali: Nakuba zingatholakali e-Arctic, ucwaningo lwazo zisisiza ukuba siqonde imithelela yomhlaba wonke ye-acidification.
Lezi zinto eziphilayo zibalulekile hhayi kuphela endimeni yazo ku-ecosystem, kodwa futhi ngoba zimele umthombo wokuphila. ukudla kubantu abahlala ezindaweni zase-Arctic. Ukwehla kwalezi zinhlobo ngenxa yokugcwala kwe-asidi kungaholela enkingeni yokudla emiphakathini eminingi ethembele ekudobeni. I-Arctic Ocean acidification ingaba nemithelela ebanzi empilweni ye-ecosystem.
Izimbangela ze-Arctic Ocean Acidification
Ukwanda kwe-acidity olwandle kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukugxila okuphezulu CO2 emkhathini, okubangelwa izinto ezenziwa abantu, njengokushiswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Inguquko yezezimboni iye yandisa inani le-carbon dioxide emoyeni, futhi izilwandle, njengoba izikena ezinkulu ze-carbon, zimunca le gesi, ziyiguqule ibe yi-carbonic acid. Imiphumela yalokhu kufakwa kwe-asidi e-Arctic Ocean iyakhathaza futhi idinga ukunakwa okuphuthumayo.
Le nqubo yamakhemikhali yehlisa i-pH yamanzi, okwenza abe ne-asidi eyengeziwe. Ngokomlando, izinguquko ku-pH yolwandle zenzeka kancane kancane ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka, zivumela izinhlobo ukuthi zivumelane nezimo. Kodwa-ke, izinga lamanje le-acidification liwukuthi izinhlobo eziningi ngeke zikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngokushesha ngokwanele. Kubalulekile ukuhlola indlela ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ithinta lezi zinqubo e-Arctic Ocean.
Ngokocwaningo lwakamuva, amazinga e-acidity e-Arctic Ocean anda ngokushesha kunakwezinye izilwandle, okuwumkhuba okhathazayo onemithelela eminingi. Ngokwesibonelo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi uma izinga lamanje lokuncibilika liqhubeka, iqhwa lasolwandle i-Arctic linganyamalala ngokuphelele ehlobo ngo-2050.
Lolu shintsho alukwazi ukushintsha kakhulu impilo yasolwandle kuphela, kodwa nesimo sezulu somhlaba wonke, njengoba ulwandle ludlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni isimo sezulu ngokushisa nokugcina ikhabhoni. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi lezi zinguquko zingashintsha kanjani ibhalansi ye-ecosystem.
Imithelela ku-Ecosystem kanye Nokudla Kwabantu
Ukulahleka kwezinhlobo ezibalulekile ngenxa ye-acidification kungaba nomthelela we-domino ku-ecosystem yolwandle. Ukusinda kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nalezo ezisesiqongweni sochungechunge lokudla, kuncike empilweni yezidalwa ezincane ezibalulekile eketangeni lokudla. Ngokwesibonelo, i uhlobo lwenhlanzi futhi i i-herring kuncike kakhulu ku ama-pteropods futhi i ama-molluscs njengengxenye yokudla kwabo. Imiphakathi yabantu yase-Arctic ethembele ekudobeni ibhekene nekusasa elingaqinisekile ngenxa ye-acidification kanye nemiphumela yako emiphakathini yezinhlanzi.
Imiphakathi yabantu e-Arctic eziphilisa ngokudoba izothinteka kakhulu. Ukwehla kwezinhlanzi nokunye ukudla kwasolwandle kungaholela ekwehleni kwemithombo yemali engenayo nokudla kule miphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-acidification yolwandle ingaba nomthelela emnothweni womhlaba, uma kubhekwa ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zasolwandle zibalulekile ekudobeni kwezentengiselwano. Ukuze uqonde kangcono i- ukuhlukahluka kwezilwandle nokuthi kuhlobana kanjani nokuphepha kokudla, ucwaningo olwengeziwe lubalulekile.
I-Arctic Ocean acidification yinto engathinti nje kuphela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle kodwa futhi inemithelela ejulile ekuvikelekeni kokudla kanye neminotho yemiphakathi yabantu. Ukwanda kwe-acidity olwandle kuyinkomba ecacile yokuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyithinta kanjani iplanethi yethu nakho konke okuhlala kuyo.
Izinyathelo zokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, njenge ukuncishiswa kokukhishwa kwegesi engcolisa umoya, zibalulekile ekwehliseni i-asidi yolwandle nokuvikela izilwane zasolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo kule ndawo lubalulekile ukuze uqonde kangcono izinqubo nemiphumela ye-acidification, kanye nokuthuthukisa amasu asebenzayo okuzivumelanisa nezimo nawokunciphisa. Kulo mongo, kubalulekile ukuphenya yini ebandayo nokuthi izithinta kanjani izilwane zasolwandle.
