Emhlabeni wesayensi, kunabantu abaningi abahlaziye iminikelo ethokozisayo eyenze lo mhlaba uthuthuke. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngakho UHenry Cavendish, isazi sefilosofi nesokhemisi saseBrithani owaba ngowokuqala ukuhlukanisa ukuba khona kwe-carbon dioxide ne-hydrogen emoyeni. Waqokwa waba yiFellow of the Royal Society ngo-1760 wafunda eCambridge University.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke ngakho. Umlando kaHenry Cavendish kanye nemisebenzi yakhe.
UHenry Cavendish Biography
Lo sosayensi wahlonishwa ngokushicilela umsebenzi owaziwa ngegama elithi Experiments emoyeni. Kulo msebenzi, wathi umoya uqukethe inhlanganisela yomoya-mpilo ne-nitrogen kusilinganiso esingu-1: 4. Iphinde yafaka nobufakazi bokuthi amanzi abengeyona into kodwa eyinhlanganisela. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, bekucatshangwa ukuthi amanzi ayinto eyodwa eyenziwe ngamanzi kuphela. Noma kunjalo, kwakunguCavendish owathi amanzi ayenziwe nge-hydrogen ne-oxygen. Wakwazi ukukhombisa lokhu ngesinye sezivivinyo zakhe lapho akwazi khona ukuhlanganisa i-nitric acid namanzi.
Umsebenzi wakhe wawuphawuleka kakhulu emkhakheni kagesi, ethula umqondo wamandla, amandla okulinganisa, kanye nokukwazi ukulindela umthetho ka-Ohm. Wayengomunye wososayensi bokuqala abakwazi ukunquma ukuminyana nobukhulu beplanethi yethu esebenzisa ibhalansi yokukhwehlela. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko, ungathintana .
Okuwukuphela kwesikhombo u-Isaac Asimov asenza ngoHenry Cavendish kwaba okulandelayo: «Wayengungqondongqondo ophusile nophazamisekile emzimbeni owayehlala futhi efa ecishe abe yedwa. Kodwa wenza ezinye izivivinyo ezithakazelisa kakhulu emlandweni wesayensi. ' Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ibinzana lika-Asimov likwenza wazi okuningi ngempilo yeCavendish. Wayengumuntu ome njengeqanda owachitha impilo yakhe yonke ezinikele cishe kuphela ekucwaningeni isayensi. Futhi kubonakala sengathi umbono wakhe wendawo yonke ukuthi wawenziwe ngobuningi bezinto ezingalinganiswa, zifakwe izinombolo futhi zithengiswe. Ngaleso sikhathi ngase nginemibono embalwa ngomhlaba wesayensi jikelele.
Izilinganiso nemisebenzi
UCavendish wazazisa kakhulu izilinganiso njengoba wayefuna ukuba nemininingwane enembile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uzamile ukulinganisa zonke izibalo kunani eliqondile ukwazi ngokujula izici zezinto. Njengoba ibingenayo i-ammeter futhi ingenalutho ebingayinika inani likagesi ohamba ngezintambo, ibisetshenziswa ngokuzithoba kepha yenze amatafula acaciswe kahle. Lokho kusho ukuthi, UCavendish uthole ukushaqeka futhi bazokwenza izingalo emzimbeni wakhe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ukwazi futhi uqaphele ukuthi ubukhulu bezintambo bebungakanani.
Umsebenzi wokuqala walo sosayensi wawuphathelene ne-arsenic. Bonke ososayensi abazi uCavendish bayaqinisekisa ukuthi uthando lwakhe ngesayensi lwalumsulwa ngokuphelele. Akazange abe nandaba ukuthi izinto azitholile zazinyatheliswa yini noma zazigunyaziwe noma cha noma nganoma yini enye ngaphandle kokwanelisa ilukuluku lakhe. Yile ndlela ofunda ngayo ngempela futhi uthuthuke ocwaningweni. Ngenxa yalolu thando olumsulwa lwesayensi, eziningi zezimpumelelo zakhe zahlala zingaziwa iminyaka futhi zatholakala eminyakeni embalwa ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba impumelelo yakhe ibe mnyama, U-Isaac Asimov wazise bonke ozakwabo eRoyal Society mayelana nokuxhashazwa kwalo sosayensi.
Ngo-1766 wayenomthwalo wemfanelo wokudlulisa izinto zakhe zokuqala, njengomsebenzi ayewenzile ngegesi evuthayo etholakala ekuphenduleni kwensimbi ne-asidi. Le gesi phambilini yatholwa nguBoyle noHales, kodwa kwaba uCavendish owaba ngowokuqala ukufunda izakhiwo zayo. Kwakuyiminyaka engu-20 kamuva lapho uLavoisier ebiza le gesi ngokuthi i-hydrogen.
UHenry wayengusosayensi wokuqala ukuthola ukuthi umthamo othile wamagesi ahlukene kwakudingeka ulinganiswe ukuze kutholakale ubukhulu bawo. Yile ndlela akuthola ngayo lokho i-hydrogen kwakuyigesi elula ikakhulukazi eyayiyi-1/14 kuphela ukuminyana komoya. Njengoba elula futhi evutha kalula, wayekholelwa ukuthi wayeyihlukanisile i-phlogiston.
Ukuhlolwa kukaHenry Cavendish
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, ngalezo zinsuku, kwakusemfashinini ukwenza izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ngomoya. Lokhu kudale ukuthi ngonyaka ka-1785 yenze izinhlansi zikagesi ziwele emoyeni futhi izokwakha inhlanganisela phakathi kwe-nitrogen ne-oxygen ukuze incibilikise i-oxide ebivele emanzini. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlolwa, wakwazi ukuthola ukwakheka kwe-nitric acid. Wengeze i-nitrogen eyengeziwe ngenhloso yokukwazi ukusebenzisa wonke umoya-mpilo owawukhona ngasikhathi sinye. Wakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu akunakwenzeka. Futhi ingabe lokho kuhlala kunjalo wayenengxenye encane yegesi elingahlanganisiwe elalisele, noma yini ayenzayo.
Wabe esekwazi ukuthola ukuthi umoya wawunedlanzana legesi okwakudingeka lingasebenzi futhi limelane ukuze lingasabeli nawo wonke amanye amagesi. Wathola negesi esiyazi namuhla njenge-argon. Namuhla siyazi ukuthi umkhathi iqukethe i-1% argon eyigesi engena ngaphakathi futhi engaphenduli nganoma yini. Siyazi ukuthi igesi enhle. Lesi silingo seCavendish sanganakwa iminyaka eyikhulu uRamsay waze wakwazi ukusilandela igxathu negxathu wasiphinda futhi.
Ukuhlolwa okumangazayo kakhulu kukaCavendish kufaka phakathi imbulunga enkulu ayisebenzisile ukwenza lokho manje okwaziwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kweCavendish. Ngalesi silingo wakwazi ukwazi ukuthi ubukhulu bomhlaba buyini futhi, njengoba umthamo weplanethi ubusaziwa, ukuthi ikwenzeni "ukukala" uMhlaba.
Wayenezinombolo eziningi zokushicilelwa kuwo wonke umlando wakhe futhi wakhuphula ijubane lapho ejoyina iRoyal Society kanye nabanye ososayensi ababesekela ukuhlolwa kwakhe. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, lona ngusosayensi owayenothando olumsulwa ngesayensi futhi kwaba ilukuluku lakhe kuphela elamqhuba ukuthi aqhubeke nokuphenya nokuthola izinto ezintsha.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngoHenry Cavendish nakho konke akwenzayo.