Sizokhuluma ngelinye lamafu aphakeme kakhulu, i i-cirrus noma i-cirrus. Bangamafu ahlukene ngendlela yama-filaments amhlophe athambile, noma amabhange amancane, amhlophe noma acishe abe mhlophe noma amabhande. Lamafu anokubukeka okune-fibrous, okufana nezinwele zomuntu, noma ukucwebezela okusilika, noma kokubili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana izinhlobo zamafu, qhubeka ufunda.
Amafu e-Cirrus akhiwe amancane amakristalu eqhwa, njengoba zakha ezindaweni eziphakeme, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-8 no-12 km ngaphezu kolwandle. Kulawa ma-altitudes, izinga lokushisa liphakathi kuka-40º kanye no-60ºC. Uma umoya omningi unomhwamuko omningi futhi upholiswa ukuze ugcwale, amakristalu eqhwa akhiqizwa esikhundleni samaconsi amanzi. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi ukuhlanekezela Sublimation, lapho umhwamuko wamanzi uguqulwa ube yiqhwa ngokuqondile. Imimoya enamandla egcwele emazingeni aphezulu emkhathini inomthelela ekwakhekeni kwe ama-tatters wesici yamafu e-cirrus, ewenza abonakale ehlukile.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphambanisi namafu e-cirrus i-cirrostratus, njengoba lokhu kwakamuva kukhiqiza i-halo phenomena, into yokubona lapho ukukhanya kudala amasongo azungeze ilanga noma inyanga ngenxa yokusebenzisana namakristalu eqhwa. Ukuze uqonde kangcono lawa mafu, sincoma ukuthi ufunde mayelana Ukuthi amafu e-cirrus akheka kanjani futhi abikezelwa.
Mayelana nezimo zezulu ezihlotshaniswa nazo, kungashiwo ukuthi uma amafu e-cirrus ebonakala eyedwa, ayizinkomba zokuthi isikhathi esihle. Kodwa-ke, uma ziqhubekela phambili ngendlela ehlelekile futhi zikhula kancane kancane ziye emkhathizwe (njengasesithombeni esidlule), lokhu kungase kubonise ushintsho lwesikhathi, okubonisa ukusondela kwengaphambili noma isiphepho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho amafu e-cirrus ebonakala ephambana nomoya, angase ahlotshaniswe ne-jet stream esezingeni eliphezulu. Uma unentshisekelo esihlokweni se ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye namafu, uzothola nokwaziswa okuwusizo.
Kulabo abathanda ukuthwebula izithombe ngamafu, kukhona amathiphu ambalwa okumele uwalandele. Amafu e-Cirrus anikeza ukukhanya kwawo okuhle kakhulu lapho ethwetshulwa nge-engeli engu-90º elangeni. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-a isihlungi se-polarizing Kungasiza ukugqamisa okumhlophe kwamafu e-cirrus futhi kufiphaze okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwesibhakabhaka, kunikeze ukugqama okukhangayo okubonakalayo. Esinye isincomo ukufaka amareferensi aphansi esithombeni ukuze unikeze umongo esithombeni. Ngesikhathi sokushona kwelanga, imisebe yelanga engaphansi komkhathi ibangela, ngokusebenzisa isenzakalo se i-refracción, amafu e-cirrus angathatha ama-shades ukusuka kokuphuzi kuya ku-orange, bese ebomvu, futhi ekugcineni abe mpunga. Le nqubo, ngokumangalisayo, iphambene naleyo yokuphuma kwelanga. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana ukubaluleka kwamafu esimweni sezulu, sikumema ukuthi uphenye.
Ezweni lamafu e-cirrus, umuntu angakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezine okuyinhloko: I-Fibratus, Uncinus, I-Spissatus y I-Floccus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezine: I-Intortus, I-Radiatus, I-Vertebratus y I-Duplicatus.
Izici zezinhlobo zamafu e-cirrus
- I-Cirrus fibratus: Inokubonakala kwe-striated futhi iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-cirrus.
- Cirrus uncinus: Ibonakala ngokuma kwehhuku layo, eyaziwa nangokuthi umsila wensikazi.
- I-Cirrus spissatus: Kuyifomu eliminyene kakhulu elivame ukuvela emafini okuduma kwezulu.
- I-Cirrus floccus: Imise okwezigaxa futhi ivamise ukuvela ngamaqembu ahlukene.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamafu e-cirrus
- I-Intortus: Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibonakala ngokuma kwazo okuguquguquka kakhulu, okuvame ukukhiqizwa ukungazinzi kwe-Kelvin-Helmholtz, okwenzeka lapho izingqimba zomoya zivunguza ngesivinini esihlukile.
- I-Radiatus: Inamabhande amakhulu ama-radial anwebeka esibhakabhakeni.
- I-Vertebratus: Kwenzeka lapho i-cirri ihlelwa eceleni, efana nezimbambo.
- I-Duplicatus: Ibonakala ngamafu e-cirrus ahlelwe elinye phezu kwelinye ngokwezendlalelo.
Amafu e-Cirrus ngokuvamile akhiqiza imicu efana nezinwele ebizwa ngokuthi imicu ewayo, ezakhiwe ngamakristalu eqhwa asinda kakhulu awe efwini. Lawa ma-filaments afana ne- izintombi okwenzeka emafwini amanzi awuketshezi. Ubukhulu nokuma kwale micu kuthonywa ukwehluka kokuhamba komoya, okwaziwa ngokuthi ukugunda umoya. Kulabo abathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana ukwakheka kwamafu esiphepho, lokhu kungase kube usizo.
Ukumbozwa kwamafu e-Cirrus kuyahlukahluka usuku lonke, ngokuncipha kobukhona okuvamile emini kanye nokwanda ebusuku. Idatha yesethelayithi, njenge-CALIPSO, ibonisa ukuthi amafu e-cirrus amboza phakathi I-31% ne-32% kusukela ebusweni boMhlaba. Lokhu kufakwa kungahluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo; Kwezinye izindawo ezishisayo, ingafinyelela phezulu 70%, ngenkathi isezindaweni ezishisayo, le nombolo ingaba ngaphansi njenge 10%. Uma unentshisekelo yokufunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kunjani akha amafu, lapha uzothola ulwazi olufanele.
Ukwakheka nezici zomkhathi zamafu e-cirrus
Amafu e-Cirrus ngokuvamile akha lapho umoya ofudumele, owomile ukhuphuka, okubangela ukuba umhwamuko wamanzi ubekwe othulini noma ezinhlayiyeni zensimbi ezindaweni eziphakeme. Ngokuvamile, ukuphakama okumaphakathi kwamafu e-cirrus kuyanda njengoba i-latitude iyancipha, nakuba ukuphakama kuhlale kunomqhele ukuyeka kancane. Lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka ngaphambili kwengaphambili elifudumele.
Ukwakheka kwamafu e-cirrus kuthonywa ukuba khona kwe ama-aerosols e-organic ezisebenza njenge-crystallization nuclei. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi la mafu e-cirrus akheka kaningi ezinhlayiyeni ezingamatshe noma zensimbi kunakuzo eziphilayo. Lokhu kuhlobene nalokho okwaxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni mayelana amafu kanye nezimo zezulu lokho kungase kuthonye izimo zokuqeqesha.
Amafu e-Cirrus amafu aphezulu kakhulu emkhathini, ngokuvamile avela ezindaweni eziphakeme phakathi nendawo 5,000 namamitha ayi-18,000 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, ngokuvamile zakha ezindaweni eziphansi, kuyilapho ezindaweni ezishisayo zingafinyelela kumamitha angu-18,000. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ubude lapho amafu e-cirrus akheka khona bungahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngendawo kanye nezimo zomoya.
Amafu e-Cirrus angase abe khona phezulu kwamafu e-cumulonimbus athuthuka ngesikhathi sokuduma kwezulu. Njengoba la mafu ekhula aqonde phezulu, angakha i-anvil esabalele futhi yakhe amafu e-cirrus awazungezile, okunikela ekubukekeni kwawo kwesici. Uma ufuna ukujula esihlokweni esithi amafu athile, ungathola ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo.
Umthelela wamafu e-cirrus esimweni sezulu kanye nemvelo
Amafu e-Cirrus awagcini nje ngokubukeka, kodwa futhi adlala indima ebalulekile esimweni sezulu somhlaba. Banikela kokubili ekubambeni ukushisa okukhishwa nguMhlaba emkhathini nasekuboniseni ukukhanya kwelanga. Lokhu kwenza kungacaci ukuthi umthelela we-cirrus cloud kuzinga lokushisa loMhlaba ubalulekile yini. ukufudumeza o kupholisa. Kungaphawulwa ukuthi lezi zici zihlobene nocwaningo lwe amafu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, isihloko okufanele sihlaziywe ngokujulile.
Ukuhlola umthelela amafu e-cirrus anawo esimweni sezulu kubalulekile. Amamodeli wesimo sezulu amadala ayejwayele bukela phansi i-albedo (umthamo obonisa ukukhanya) walawa mafu we-cirrus, angenza izibikezelo zethu zesimo sezulu zibe nzima. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kulawa mamodeli kuholela ekubikezelweni okunembe kakhudlwana.
Ukuba khona kwamafu e-cirrus kuvame ukukhombisa amasistimu angaphambili noma iziphazamiso ezixhumene nezingqimba ezingaphezulu zomkhathi. Ukwengeza, amafu e-cirrus angaba izinsalela zesiphepho esidlulayo, futhi izingqimba ezinkulu zamafu e-cirrus zivame ukuhambisana nokugeleza kokuphakama okuphezulu kweziphepho neziphepho. Kulabo abafuna ukuhlaziya okubanzi ku ophahleni lwamafu, kungaba umthombo owusizo.
Ucwaningo lwamafu e-cirrus lusinika ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nomkhathi nokuziphatha kwawo. Lawa mafu, nakuba evame ukucashile futhi ethereal, awukhiye wokuqonda ukuthi umkhathi woMhlaba uhlangana kanjani nemisebe yelanga nokuthi lokhu kuhlobana kanjani nokuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu.
