Kungenzeka ukuthi indawo ohlala kuyo ingaba nephunga elibi eliphuma ezitanjeni. Leli phunga likhiqizwa ngu i-hydrogen sulfide. Ibuye yaziwe ngamagama azo indle futhi ivamise ukunuka njengamaqanda abolile. Ikhiqizwa ezindaweni zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile kanye nesistimu yokukhucululwa kwendle. Ivamise ukuba nobuthi obudlulele kubantu.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana ne-hydrogen sulfide, umsuka wayo nezici.
Iyini i-hydrogen sulfide
Uma uthola isikhalazo mayelana nephunga endaweni okuyo, kungenzeka ukuthi i-hydrogen sulfide noma "igesi yokuthuthwa kwendle" eyaziwa kakhulu. Uma unuka amaqanda abolile eduze noma ekhaya, ngokuvamile i-hydrogen sulfide (H2S). I-H2S ikhiqizwa ezindaweni zokuhlanza indle kanye nezinhlelo zokukhucululwa kwendle. Eyaziwa nangokuthi "igesi yendle", inobuthi kakhulu kubantu.
Ukuba khona kwe-hydrogen sulfide ezindleleni zendle ngokuvamile kutholakala ngezikhalo ezivela komakhelwane abaseduze abanezinkinga zephunga. IHydrogen sulfide yakhiwa ukusabela kwezinto eziphilayo kumasistimu endle noma ezikhungweni zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. I-H2S ikhiqizwa ukuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic (anaerobic) kwezinto eziphilayo ezikhona emanzini angcolile. Ukugqwala kanye nomonakalo ongadalwa yi-hydrogen sulfide nakho kuyindaba ebalulekile ekulawulweni kwamanzi angcolile, lapho kungase kube khona ukufana igesi nomusi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphathwa kwale gesi kubalulekile, ngoba kungathinta ingqalasizinda, okufana nokwenzeka nge- umthelela wemvula ene-asidi.
Epayipini, uma ungekho umoya-mpilo, ama-microorganisms azodla futhi akhiqize i-hydrogen sulfide, enephunga elijwayelekile lamaqanda abolile. Lokhu kubizwa nge-sepsis futhi kuyimbangela ye-hydrogen sulfide kanye nephunga elibi elihambisana nayo.
Ingabe iyingozi kubantu?
IHydrogen Sulfide iyigesi engenambala, eyingozi eyenzeka emiseleni nasezintanjeni zendle lapho kungenawo umoya-mpilo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile (ezibizwa ngokuthi izimo ze-anaerobic noma izimo ezibolayo). Inomthelela omubi empilweni. Kuyacasula kakhulu ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lwamehlo kanye nomgudu wokuphefumula.
Ngaphezu kokuhlushwa okuthile, i-hydrogen sulfide izobulala izinzwa i-olfactory nerve, okwenza "inyamalale" futhi iyenze ingabonakali ngokuphelele, eba enye yezingozi ze-hydrogen sulfide. Ngakho-ke, i-H2S ingaba yinkinga uma ungayilindele. Kubantu abadala, u-300 ppm (izingxenye ngesigidi) uyabulala. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, endaweni evalekile, i-hydrogen sulfide ingabulala ngokushesha.
Lapho kugxilwa kusondele ku-150 ppm, inzwa yokuhogela isheshe ikhathale futhi iphunga eliwuphawu liphenduke libe ubumnandi obuncane bese linyamalala ngokuphelele. Esimeni sayo esimsulwa, i-hydrogen sulfide ingasha kalula ukuze ikhiqize ilangabi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngamanye amazwi, noma yikuphi ukuvuza okwenzekayo kungabangela umlilo.
Uma ingahlanzekile, kodwa ixubene nomoya (ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile edala umonakalo emvelweni), izoba yinto eqhumayo. Izingxube eziqhumayo zingakhiwa ezinhlobonhlobo zokugxila (4,5% kuya ku-45,5% emoyeni). Izinga lokushisa le-autoignition, okungukuthi, izinga lokushisa igesi lingashisa ngisho nangaphandle komthombo wangaphandle, ngu-250 ° C.
IHydrogen sulfide itholakala emanzini, kuwoyela, kumafutha, nama-hydrocarbons (uwoyela, i-naphtha, njll.). Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuncibilika kwegesi kunoma iyiphi i-solvent kukhuphuka ngokucindezela.
Izingozi ze-hydrogen sulfide
Ngaphezu kokukhipha iphunga elingemnandi eliyingqayizivele, inani elikhulu le-H2S liyacasula futhi linobuthi ikakhulukazi lapho ukugxila kuphezulu kakhulu endaweni evalekile. Abasebenzi benkampani yokuhlanza amanzi abasebenza ezindaweni ezivaliwe basengozini enkulu kule ngozi enkulu. Kungumsebenzi wabaphathi abaphezulu ukuvikela abasebenzi ezingozini ze-hydrogen sulfide.
Ake sihlaziye amazinga ahlukene engozi ye-hydrogen sulfide:
- Kuyigesi enobuthi: Ubuthi be-hydrogen sulfide bunobubanzi obubanzi. Ihlasela futhi ikhubaze isimiso sezinzwa futhi ivimbele ukuphefumula kwamangqamuzana. Emazingeni aphezulu, ukuhogela okukodwa kungabulala.
- Kuyigesi eqhumayo: ivutha kakhulu. Yakha izingxube eziqhumayo ngomoya. Ukuthintana nemikhiqizo ye-oxidizing kungabangela imililo nokuqhuma.
- Akunakwenzeka: Iyigesi eyingozi futhi inzima kunomoya. Ngakho-ke, ingaqongelela ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zezakhiwo kanye neziteshi zokupompa noma izitshalo zokwelapha. Zakha amaphakethe emanzini angcolile amile futhi zidale izimo eziyingozi lapho amanzi angcolile esuswa ukugeleza kwamapayipi. Ukukhubazeka kwesimiso sokuhogela kuvimbela isivikelo esingokwemvelo somzimba ngokumelene negesi ukuba singenzeki.
Indlela yokulwa nalo gesi
Esinye sezici ze-hydrogen sulfide ukuthi igqwalisa izakhiwo zendle kanye nezitshalo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Endaweni eshisayo, enomswakama wesistimu yendle, i-H2S izokhipha i-sulfuric acid. Le sulphuric acid iyagqwala futhi izogqwalisa izindawo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile kanye namanzi angcolile.
Ukuguguleka kungaba khona kukhonkolo, ithusi, insimbi, nesiliva emathangeni okucubungula, izakhiwo, kanye nezinto zikagesi. Uma kungekho zinyathelo zokuphepha ezithathwayo, amapayipi agcina echayeke kulokhu kugqwala angaphuka. Ukugqwala kuthinta ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezicwilisiwe zamapayipi noma izakhiwo zokudonsa amanzi ezindaweni zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Ukuphathwa kwalokhu kugqwala kubalulekile futhi kungahlotshaniswa nocwaningo lwe Izintaba-mlilo ezingaphansi kwamanzi kanye nomthelela wazo emvelweni.
Izinga lokugqwala lincike enanini le-H2S elakhiwe kanye nezinga lokwelashwa kokuvimbela. Manje kungenzeka ukugwema iphunga leqanda elibolile elijwayelekile ezindaweni zokuhlanza indle noma izinhlelo zokukhucululwa kwendle emadolobheni ethu kanye nomasipala.
U-Yara udale i-YaraNutriox ™, inqubo yokuvimbela ukungcoliswa okubangelwa ukushoda komoyampilo emapayipini endle noma ezindaweni zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. I-YaraNutriox ™ iyinhlanganisela ye-nitrate ye-Yara eyingqayizivele, eye yahlolwa ngokumelene ne-hydrogen sulfide emakhulwini ezindawo emhlabeni jikelele. Amadolobha afana neNew York, iParis, iCologne neMontreal bane-YaraNutriox ™ yokucubungula igesi.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-hydrogen sulfide nokuthi kungani ingaba yingozi kubantu.
