Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu baye bafuna izindlela zokuthola ngokunembile indawo yabo emhlabeni. Ukwenza lokhu, ukwakhiwa kwemigqa ecatshangwayo efana ne- ama-meridianos bekuyisisekelo. Kulesi simo, i- ireferensi ye-meridian, ebizwa nangokuthi zero meridian, ibe nendima ebalulekile ekukalweni kobude nasekuhleleni isikhathi somhlaba wonke.
Le meridian eyireferensi yamanje yi- IGreenwich Meridian, eyamukelwa ngokomthetho ngekhulu le-19. Ukusungulwa kwayo kuvumele ukumiswa kwamamephu nokudalwa kwe i-husos horarios, okusiza kakhulu ukuhamba nokuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi iGreenwich ibe isizinda sezwe lonke? Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umlando wayo, ukubaluleka kwayo kanye nezinto ezithile ezithokozisayo ezihlobene nale meridian.
Iyini iGreenwich meridian?
El IGreenwich Meridian Kungumugqa ocatshangelwayo ohlanganisa i- I-North Pole ne ISouth Pole futhi iwela i IRoyal Observatory, Greenwich eLondon, e-United Kingdom. Yaziwa ngokuthi yi- 0° i-meridian, njengoba isetshenziselwa ukukala ama-longitude empumalanga nasentshonalanga yeplanethi.
Ngaphambi kokwamukelwa kwayo okusemthethweni, bekunamareferensi amaningi asetshenziswa emazweni ahlukene, okudale izinkinga ekuzulazuleni nasekuhwebeni. Ukuxazulula lesi simo, ku 1884 kwenziwa International Meridian Conference eWashington DC, lapho abameleli be Amazwe we-25 Banquma ukuthi i-meridian edlula eRoyal Observatory, iGreenwich, izoba ireferensi yomhlaba wonke.
Umlando wamareferensi ama-meridians
Ngaphambi kweGreenwich, kwahlongozwa izindawo eziningana njengezindawo zokubhekisela zokulinganisa ubude. Abadala abadwebi bamabalazwe y amatilosi Babevame ukusebenzisa amaphuzu ahlukene okuqala, njenge EParis, amaRom futhi ngisho EJerusalema. Enye yezinto ezazisetshenziswa kakhulu eYurophu kwakuyi- i-meridian ye-El Hierro, ku- Iziqhingi zaseCanary, eyasungulwa ngekhulu le-17.
Nokho, ngokwanda kwe- UMbuso WaseBrithani kanye nokubaluleka kohwebo lwasolwandle, iGreenwich yaba indawo eyinhloko okukhulunywa ngayo. Kwe I-International Meridian Conference yango-1884 Isidingo sokuhlanganisa inkomba yomhlaba wonke ukuze kugwenywe ukudideka saphakanyiswa. Ukukhethwa kweGreenwich njenge-zero meridian kwakuqhutshwa i-British hegemony ekuhambeni nasekuhwebeni ngaleso sikhathi.
Ukubaluleka kweGreenwich meridian
El IGreenwich Meridian ayisebenzi nje kuphela ireferensi yendawo, kodwa futhi kuyisihluthulelo ekuchazeni i i-husos horarios. Kusukela kule meridian, uMhlaba uhlukaniswe waba 24 izikhathi zoni de 15° ubude ngayinye, ngaleyo ndlela isungula uhlelo lwesikhathi lomhlaba wonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iGreenwich yasebenza njengesisekelo sokwakhiwa kwe I-Greenwich Isikhathi Sesikhathi (GMT), okwaze kwaba ngu-1972 kwakuyindinganiso yesikhathi somhlaba. Namuhla, i-GMT ithathelwe indawo yi- Isikhathi Esihlanganisiwe Somhlaba Wonke (UTC), esebenzisa amawashi e-athomu ngokunemba okukhulu.
Kungani uhlelo lwe-GPS lusebenzisa enye i-meridian?
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uhlelo GPS (Global Positioning System) ayisebenzisi ncamashi njengereferensi yayo eyinhloko. Kunalokho, sebenzisa i- I-International Reference Meridian (MRI), etholakala cishe 102 m empumalanga kusukela ku-Greenwich meridian.
Lokhu kushintsha kungenxa yokuthi amasathelayithi e-GPS asebenzisa uhlelo lwe izixhumanisi okunembe kakhudlwana, ukulungisa amaphutha ezilinganisweni zendabuko zezinkanyezi. Umehluko mncane futhi uthinta kuphela izilinganiso ezinembe kakhulu, kodwa wenza umehluko obonakalayo ezifundweni. geodesic.
Amazwe lapho iGreenwich meridian idlula khona
El IGreenwich Meridian Inqamula amazwe amaningana ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu. Lokhu kubandakanya:
- United Kingdom - Ikhaya leRoyal Greenwich Observatory.
- EFrance – Inqamula izifunda ezahlukene zezwe.
- España - Idlula engxenyeni esempumalanga yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia.
- I-Algeria – Qhubeka udlulele eNyakatho Afrika.
- Mali, Burkina Faso, Togo y Ghana - Inqamula la mazwe ase-Afrika ngaphambi kokufika eGulf of Guinea.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i i-meridian ilandela indlela yayo eya ku I-Antarctica, ukuwela i-Atlantic Ocean kanye ne-South Pole.
El IGreenwich Meridian Bekubalulekile ekuzulazuleni, ekudwetshweni kwamabalazwe nasekukaleni isikhathi. Ukwamukelwa kwayo kuvumele ukumiswa kwezixhumanisi zendawo futhi kwadala isisekelo sesistimu yendawo yesikhathi esiyisebenzisayo namuhla. Nakuba i-GPS ilungise inkomba yayo ku-meridian ehluke kancane, i-Greenwich isalokhu iyiphoyinti eliyisithenjwa lokuzulazula. iJografi futhi i indaba wobuntu.
