Elinye lamagatsha esayensi eligxile ekutadisheni izinqubo zomzimba, zamakhemikhali nezebhayoloji kuyo yonke ingxenye yasemanzini yomhlaba i-oceanography. Iwumkhakha wesayensi oxube imikhakha eminingi engafundi izilwandle kuphela kodwa nemifula, izilwandle, amachibi, nanoma iyiphi indawo yasemanzini emhlabeni wethu.
Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza ukuthi i-oceanography igxile kukho kanye nokubaluleka kwayo ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi.
Yini i-oceanography
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, isayensi egxile ekuchazeni zonke izinqubo zamakhemikhali, ezingokwenyama, kanye nezebhayoloji ezenzeka kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba ngamanzi. Le sayensi kufanele ibe semikhakheni eminingi njengoba kufanele ibe nochwepheshe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Esinye sezici ezisemqoka okufanele sizicabangele amandla okufunda lapho kufundwa izinqubo zomzimba ezenzekayo.
Kulezi zinqubo zomzimba sifaka amagagasi, imisinga yolwandle, isenzo somoya, ingcindezi, i-irradiance, njll. Zonke lezi zinto eziguqukayo nokunye okuningi okuzama ukuchaza ukusebenza kwezilwandle, izilwandle, imifula, amachibi, njll. Ngakho-ke, njengoba kungafakwanga izinqubo zomzimba kuphela kepha nezinqubo zamakhemikhali nezebhayoloji, kudingeka ochwepheshe abavela kumagatsha amaningi.
Ukuze uqonde kangcono i-oceanography ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziningana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinefayela le- i-oceanography yangempela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinefayela le- amakhemikhali olwandle ekugcineni i i-oceanography yezinto eziphilayo. Uhlobo lwesine lungezwa kulezi zingxenye ezi-3: i-geography yolwazi. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okujulile, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lezi zinqubo zisebenzisana kanjani kumongo we- amandla oketshezi.
I-Physical oceanography iyindawo enentshisekelo enkulu kumatilosi, njengoba ihlinzeka ngedatha edingekayo ukuze uzulazule uye ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Manje sizohlaziya uhlobo ngalunye lwe-oceanography nezici zalo.
I-oceanography yomzimba
Kuyingxenye yalesi sayensi esibhekele ukutadisha izinqubo zomzimba ezenzeka ezindaweni zasemanzini. Lezi zinqubo zibandakanya ukuxubana nokwanda kwamangqamuzana, umbuso wamanzi nezakhiwo zawo, imisinga yolwandle, amagagasi namagagasi. Kulezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-oceanography kukhona nama-subtypes amaningana:
- I-oceanography echazayo: Imayelana naleyo ngxenye yalesi sayensi echaza ukusatshalaliswa kanye nezimpawu zamanzi amaningi olwandle. Kungashiwo ukuthi kungubalingani be-hydrology yezwekazi.
- I-Dynamicography: yingxenye efunda ngokuhamba kwamanzi olwandle kanye nezimbangela zalokhu kuhamba.
- Isimo sezulu seMeteorological: ihlola ukuxhumana phakathi komkhathi nolwandle. Inesibopho sokuchaza izizathu zokuthi kungani lezi zinqubo zomzimba zenzeka maqondana nomkhathi. Lolu cwaningo lubalulekile ukuze uqonde Umphumela we-Coriolis kanye nomthelela wayo emisinga yolwandle.
I-oceanography yezinto eziphilayo
Kuyingxenye yalesi sayensi ecwaninga ngezinto zasolwandle nobudlelwano bazo nemvelo. Akufanele ididaniswe ne-biology yasolwandle. I-biology yasolwandle igxile kuphela ekutadisheni kwezilwane zasolwandle. Kulokhu, kugxila kakhulu ebudlelwaneni onabo nemvelo ekuzungezile nokuthi ibuthinta kanjani isigqi sakho nokuthuthuka kwempilo.
Njengoba ukuphila olwandle kucebile kakhulu, leli gatsha kufanele lihlukaniswe libe ezinye izinhlobo ezincane:
- I-Pelagic oceanography: uphethe ukutadisha izinqubo zebhayoloji ezenzeka engxenyeni yolwandle ye-pelagic. Lezi zindawo ngamanzi avulekile olwandle, kude nogu nangaphandle kwe Ipulatifomu yezwekazi.
- I-Neritic oceanography: Yilona eligxile ekutadisheni izinqubo zebhayoloji ezenzeka olwandle oluseduze nogu futhi eziseshalofini lezwekazi.
- I-Benthic oceanography: igxila ekuchazeni izinqubo zebhayoloji ezenzeka ebusweni bolwandle. Yonke le ndawo ibizwa nge-benthic zone, yingakho igama layo.
- I-Demersal oceanography: ihlola izinqubo zebhayoloji ezenzeka olwandle. Leli gama lisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi liwusizo kakhulu kwezokudoba okwenziwa esifundeni.
I-Geography yolwandle
Njengoba kulindelekile, kuyadingeka futhi ukuqonda izinqubo ze-geological ezenzeka kulezi zindawo zasemanzini. Le ngxenye ye-oceanography igxile ekutadisheni okulandelayo:
- Izinqubo zasogwini: yilezo zinqubo ezigxile ku-geomorphology kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezindikimba zasogwini njengama-deltas, ama-estuary, amabhishi, amachweba namachweba asogwini. Inhloso iwukufunda ukuthi ukuguquguquka kolwandle kanye nezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala kulo kunethonya kanjani i-geomorphology yalezi zindawo.
- I-sedimentology yasolwandle: Emvelweni wasemanzini kukhona nezinqubo zokuthutha kanye nenhlabathi. Lezi zinsalela ezithuthwe ukuguguleka olwandle nazo ziyacwaningwa, okubalulekile ku i-geology yasolwandle.
I-Chemical oceanography
Yingxenye enesibopho sokutadisha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali emanzini olwandle. Ngenxa yokuthi abantu nemisebenzi yabo kubangela izinguquko ezihlukahlukene ekwakhekeni kwamanzi olwandle, kuyadingeka ukuwahlola futhi kuhlaziye umthelela angaba nawo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ikakhulu ifunda ngokungcola kwasolwandle. Lokho wukuthi, konke ukuguqulwa okwenzeka ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali kwamanzi okukhiqizwa umphumela wokukhishwa emisebenzini yabantu.
Isimiso solwandle nolwandle kanye nomkhathi kunjengokungathi kungabizwa ngokuthi uketshezi olubili ngenxa yokwengezwa kwe-geophysical. Ukuze uqonde lo mongo, izinqubo zomzimba, zamakhemikhali, nezebhayoloji kufanele zifundwe kusetshenziswa indlela yokuguquguquka koketshezi lwe-geophysical. Okungukuthi, imisinga yasolwandle, imisinga yasogwini, amagagasi, izakhiwo zomkhathi (kokubili i-cyclonic ne-anticyclonic), kanye nezinqubo ezincane ezenzeka ngesilinganiso esincane, njll., kumele zicatshangelwe. Ukuze unikeze umphumela we ibhalansi yawo wonke amandla akhishwa olwandle.
Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, kube nenqubekelaphambili enkulu ekwenzeni ikhompuyutha, futhi amakhompyutha anamandla anikeze amandla ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela ezihlukahlukene zezinhlelo zokumodela ezisebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu ekubikezeleni zonke izinhlobo zezimo zasolwandle. Lawa mamodeli asiza ukuhambisana nokujulisa ukuguquguquka koketshezi. Lena yindlela ongathola ngayo ulwazi oluqhubekayo olusebenzayo noluwusizo lwabathili. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nomongo walezi zenzakalo, ungathintana ne Izinga lokushisa laseMedithera.
