Iplanethi iVenus inesimo sezulu esiye sahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yobudlelwano obuphakathi komsebenzi wayo wangaphakathi we-tectonic nezinguquko zomkhathi. Kuseduze neLanga kuneplanethi yethu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amazinga abo okushisa abe phezulu kakhulu kunalawo womhlaba.
Umhlaba kanye neVenus kwakucishe kube ngosayizi nokwakheka okufanayoNokho, izindlela zabo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo zathatha izindlela ezihlukene, ekugcineni zaba amaplanethi amabili ahluke ngokuphelele. Kwake kwaba khona a ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni iVenus? Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mbuzo usiholela ekucabangeni ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu eMhlabeni.
UVenus, isihogo somhlaba
Izinga lokushisa ebusweni beplanethi iVenus Cishe kube ngu-460 ° C uma kuqhathaniswa no-15-17 ° C wethu ngokwesilinganiso eMhlabeni. Lokhu kushisa kuphezulu kangangokuthi kwenza amadwala acwebezele emehlweni awo wonke umuntu owabukayo. Iplanethi ibuswa umphumela obulalayo we-greenhouse, ogcinwe umkhathi oyingxenye yawo eyinhloko i-carbon dioxide. Awekho futhi amanzi awuketshezi emhlabeni, kusobala ukuthi angahwamuka njengoba indawo yokubilisa yamanzi ingu-100°C.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, izimo zeplanethi zakha ingcindezi yasemkhathini okucishe kuphindwe kabili kokwethu. Esikhundleni sokwakhiwa ngumhwamuko wamanzi, amafu alo akhiwa i-sulfuric acid.
Kuze kube muva nje, bekungekho lwazi oluncane ngokuvela kweplanethi iVenus ngoba amafu ayo e-sulfuric acid ayengasivumeli ukuthi sibone izinqubo zomhlaba, ezinjenge-volcanism noma i-tectonics. Kodwa-ke, kule minyaka engama-56 edlule, sibonga ama-space probe angama-22 abaye bathwebula, bahlola, bahlaziya futhi bahamba kuVenus, singakwazi ukufunda okwengeziwe ngayo. Lezi zivivinyo bezibalulekile ekuqondeni ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuVenus.
Izithombe zamaphenyo ziveza ukuthi iVenus yiplanethi eye yabhekana nayo ukuqhuma okukhulu kwentaba-mlilo nokuthi, cishe, kusasebenza. Lokhu okutholakele kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi isimo sezulu soMhlaba siyingqayizivele kangakanani, njengoba singase sizibuze ukuthi kungani, uma amandla afanayo kakhulu ayehileleke ekwakhekeni kwawo womabili amaplanethi, uMhlaba waba nemiphumela ehluke ngokuphelele futhi wavela ngezindlela ezaziphikisana ngokuphelele.
Ososayensi bathi lokhu kuguquguquka okuhlukene kubangelwa isikhundla esikhethekile esinaso ohlelweni lwethu sonozungezilanga kanye nesikhundla sethu esihlobene neLanga Iluphi usizo esingaluthola ngokwazi ngokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kwamanye amaplanethi uma singahlali kuwo? Nokho, impendulo ilula: ngomthamo okhulayo wokulahlwa kwemfucuza, umphakathi wezimboni, kanye nesisi esingcolisa umoya emkhathini, siyashintsha isimo sethu sezulu. Uma singakwazi ukubona ukuthi yiziphi izici ezikubeke kwamanye amaplanethi, singakwazi ukuqonda izindlela zemvelo neze-anthropogenic eziguqula isimo sezulu sethu.
Isimo sezulu kanye nokwakheka kweVenus vs Earth
Enye yezimbangela zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu seMhlaba ilele esimweni somkhathi wayo, umkhiqizo wokushintshana okuqhubekayo kwamagesi phakathi koqweqwe, ingubo, ulwandle, izigqoko zepolar nendawo engaphandle. Injini yezinqubo zokwakheka komhlaba, amandla e-geothermal nawo aqhuba ukuvela komkhathi. Amandla we-geothermal akhishwa ikakhulu ngokubola kwezakhi ezinemisebe ngaphakathi. Kepha akulula kangako ukuchaza ukulahleka kokushisa emaplanethi aqinile. Izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko ezithintekayo yilezi: izintaba-mlilo nama-plate tectonics.
Ngokuqondene noMhlaba, ingaphakathi lawo linohlelo lwebhande lokuhambisa elihlotshaniswa nama-plate tectonics. Ukuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo kwamagesi kusebenze amandla okusimamisa isimo sezulu eMhlabeni. Izintaba-mlilo zidonsa amagesi emkhathini; ukuncishiswa kwamapuleti e-lithospheric kuyibuyisela ngaphakathi. Ngenkathi izintaba-mlilo eziningi zihlotshaniswa nemisebenzi yamacwecwe ama-tectonic plate, kunezakhiwo ze-volcanic eziphawuleka (ezinjengokwakhiwa kweziQhingi zaseHawaii) ezenze "izindawo ezishisayo" ezimele emigqeni yamapuleti.
Ama-crater nama-plate tectonics
Kwenzekani kuVenus? Ama-Plate tectonics, uma ehilelekile, azoba ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe; Okungenani esikhathini esedlule nje, ukushisa kwashintshaniswa ukuqhuma kwamathafa amakhulu ase-basaltic futhi kamuva izintaba-mlilo ezakhiwa ngaphezu kwazo. Ukuqonda imiphumela yezintaba-mlilo kuyakha Indawo yokuqala ephoqelekile yanoma iyiphi indlela yesimo sezulu seplanethi.
Ukushoda kwemingcele yomthelela kuVenus, yize umkhathi wayo wenele ukuvikela iplanethi ezintweni zezigameko ezincane, imingcele emikhulu ilahlekile. Lokhu kuzwakala nasemhlabeni. Isenzo somoya namanzi sinqume ukuqeda imingxuma yasendulo. Kodwa ubuso beVenus bubhalisa ukushisa okunjalo okuvimbela ukuba khona kwamanzi oketshezi; futhi, imimoya engaphezulu ilula impela. Ngaphandle kokuqubuka izinqubo eziguqukayo futhi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Izimbobo zomthelela zizosuswa yimisebenzi ye-volcanic kanye ne-tectonic.
Iningi lemigodi eseVenus ivela muva nje. Yashonaphi imigodi yasendulo, uma iningi laleyo esele ingazange iphazanyiswe? Uma zimbozwe udaka, kungani kungabonakali imingxuma embozwe ngokwengxenye, inyamalale kanjani ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngokungahleliwe lapho ibibekwe khona ekuqaleni?
Umbono owamukelwa kakhulu ngumphakathi wesayensi uthi ukuthi intaba-mlilo esakazekile yasula imingcele eminingi yomthelela futhi yakha amathafa amakhulu wentaba-mlilo eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-800 edlule, okwalandelwa yizinga elilinganiselwe lomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo ongapheli kuze kube namuhla.
Amafomu wamanzi ebusweni beVenus
Sihlukanisa, okokuqala, izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene ezinelukuluku, okusikhumbuza umhlabathi olinywa ngamanzi. Bawumfanekiso ophilayo wemifula yethu nezikhukhula zethu. Eziningi zalezi zakhiwo ziphela eziteshini zokukhipha ezifana ne-delta. Ukoma okwedlulele kwemvelo kwenza amanzi angabi namathuba okumba lezi zingozi.
Siyini-ke isizathu? Kungenzeka, i-calcium carbonate ne-calcium sulfate namanye usawoti yizona ezibangela lokhu. Izindwangu ezigcotshwe ngosawoti ziyancibilika emazingeni okushisa amashumi ambalwa kuya kumakhulu ambalwa wamazinga aphakeme kunamazinga okushisa akhona manje eVenus. Esikhathini esedlule, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme ngaphezudlwana belingahle lichithe udaka lwamanzi olunosawoti ngaphezulu, ukuzinza kwalo obekungachaza isenzo sokwakheka kwezingozi esizibonayo namuhla.
Ubufakazi bokushintsha kwesimo sezulu seVenus
Umphumela wokushisa nokushisa kwegesi
Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi amagesi abamba ukushisa avumela ukukhanya kwelanga ukuthi kufinyelele ebusweni beVenus, kodwa kuvimbela imisebe ye-infrared. I-Carbon dioxide, amanzi, ne-sulphur dioxide ngakunye kudonsa ibhendi ethile yobude beza be-electromagnetic spectrum. Ukube bekungewona la magesi, imisebe yelanga neye-infrared ibiyolingana ezingeni lokushisa elingaphezulu lama-degree angama-20. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ukuze uqonde ukuthi luhlobana kanjani namanye amaplanethi.
Amanzi nesulfure dioxide izintaba-mlilo ezikhiphela emkhathini ziyasuswa. I-Sulphur dioxide iphendula kahle ngama-carbonates ebusweni, kuyilapho imisebe yelanga ye-ultraviolet ihlukanisa amanzi.
Ikhava lamafu kanye nokushisa
Amafu e-sulfuric acid ayahlukahluka ngokuqina ngemva kochungechunge lomhlaba wonke lokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Okokuqala, amafu aba mnyama njengoba amanzi ne-sulfuric acid kuphonswa emoyeni. Bese belahlekelwa yiwo njengoba ukugcwala kwala magesi kuncipha. Kudlulile cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-400 kusukela ekuqaleni kwentaba-mlilo, amafu e-asidi athathelwa indawo amafu amade, amancane amanzi.
Ukuhluka kwesimo sezulu kuVenus
Imifantu nokugoqeka kunqamula iplanethi. Okunye kwalokhu kulungiselelwa, okungenani izintaba ezishwabene, kungase kuhlobane nokuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu kwesikhashana. Ithiyori ikhombisa ukuthi izimo zemvelo eziyinqaba nezinobutha ziyagcinwa ngenxa yezakhiwo ezihambisanayo zezakhi zomkhathi. Umhwamuko wamanzi, noma ngamanani amancane, Imunca imisebe ye-infrared kuma-wavelengths engayitholi i-carbon dioxide.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-sulphur dioxide namanye amagesi avimba ubude bamaza. Sekuhlangene, la magesi abamba ukushisa enza umkhathi weVenus ubonakale ngokungafihli ukuze uveze imisebe yelanga, kodwa ucishe ube opaque ngokuphelele emisebeni ye-infrared ekhishwayo. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu liphindwe kathathu kunalokho iplanethi ebingaba nalo ngaphandle komkhathi. Uma kuqhathaniswa, umphumela wokushisa womhlaba namuhla ukhuphula izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi. 15% kuphela. Ukube bekuyiqiniso ukuthi izintaba-mlilo zawela ubuso beVenus eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-800 edlule, Kumele futhi ukuthi balahle inani elikhulu lamagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini ngesikhathi esifushane.
Kwenziwe imodeli yesimo sezulu seplanethi okubandakanya ukukhishwa kwamagesi yizintaba-mlilo, ukwakheka kwamafu, ukulahleka kwe-hydrogen ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zomkhathi, nokusabela kwamagesi asemkhathini anezimbiwa phansi. Phakathi kwalezi zinqubo kuvela ukuxhumana okucashile okupholisa iplanethi. Ubhekene nemiphumela enjalo ephikisanayo Akunakunqunywa ukuthi ukujova kwamagesi amabili kwakusho ukuthini ngesimo sezulu seVenus emhlabeni jikelele.
Yingakho, ekuphetheni, singasho ukuthi kwakukhona i-, kodwa asazi ukuthi amagesi ayengathatha isinyathelo ngezinga elingakanani ekushintsheni kwawo.