Ngesikhathi sisebancane sasifundiswa esikoleni ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezihlahla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinazo lezo zihlahla ezigcina amaqabunga azo ngisho nasebusika futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izihlahla ezilahlekayo. Ezokuqala zibizwa ngokuthi ziluhlaza njalo lezi zokugcina ziyizihlahla ezinqabayo. Izihlahla ezigcina ubuluhlaza bamaqabunga azo kungakhathalekile ushintsho lonyaka ngezikhathi zokuphumula kwemifino futhi zakha inqwaba yaziwa njenge ihlathi elihlala liluhlaza. I-evergreen isho iqabunga eliqinile noma elihlala liluhlaza noma isihlahla. Okunye okwehlukile kwaleli gama kuhlale kuluhlaza noma kungaphelanga.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke Izici nokujwayela kwehlathi elihlala liluhlaza.
Izici eziyinhloko
Kunezifunda ezinamakhaza angenampilo enza ukuthi izihlahla zilahlekelwe amaqabunga. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo ezihlale ziluhlaza aziwakhi amaqabunga azo noma zithinteke ngokuhluka kwesimo sezulu. Lezi zihlahla zichitha ingxenyana encane yamaqabunga azo ukuze ikwazi ukuyivuselela kancane kancane. Benza njalo kabili noma ngonyaka, kepha cishe njalo bagcina ingilazi yabo imbozwe futhi ibukisa ngamaqabunga. Amaqabunga agcina umbala wawo oluhlaza okotshani phakathi nawo wonke umjikelezo.
Ihlathi elibanzi elihlala liluhlaza liyisigaba esingezansi esihlanganisa bonke labo izihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza ezinamaqabunga abanzi. Zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezisenkabazwe nasemazweni ashisayo lapho isici sazo esiyinhloko imvula evame kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezibonelo ezifana ne-magnolia noma i-ficus engatholakala ezindaweni ezinezindawo ezifudumele. Ubukhulu obukhulu bamaqabunga buba nomthelela ekwahlukaneni kokuphakama kwezimbali.
Lezi zihlahla zinemiqhele emikhulu ekwaziyo ukumunca imisebe yelanga, okuyivimbela ukuthi ifinyelele ezimileni eziphansi. Ngamanye amagama, izimila ezingaphansi komhlaba zithinteka kakhulu ukuminyana kwamaqabunga alezi zihlahla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zimbalwa izihlahlana ezikwazi ukusinda ngaphansi komthunzi okwenziwa yilezi zihlahla. Futhi, uma bengakutholi ukukhanya kwelanga, abakwazi ukwenza i-photosynthesize kahle.
Kunezinhlobo ezifana nama-epiphyte alenga phezu kwezinkuni noma amagatsha kanye nemivini evame kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlala ziluhlaza. Lezi yizinhlobo ezizimisa ngendlela yokuthi zikwazi ukufinyelela emisebeni yelanga. Ehlathini elihlala liluhlaza le-broadleaf, akuvamile ukubona ezinye izihlahla endaweni epholile, kodwa kukhona okuhlukile okufana newolintshi, umnyezane, i-laurel, i-carob, i-olive, ne-eucalyptus.
Lapho kukhona ubukhulu bamazinga okushisa aphansi izihlahla ze-birch ziyabusa. Lezi birches zingeze-oda lamaFagales futhi Zibuye zenziwe ngezinye izihlahla ezifana nama-oki, ama-beeches nama-alder.
Ihlathi le-evergreen elinesikali nezinaliti
Kukhona olunye uhlobo lwehlathi elihlala liluhlaza elinezihlahla lapho kushiya khona ubukhulu obunobunye obulingisa izikali noma izinaliti. Lawa mashidi anokuthungwa okuqinile kokuthinta futhi ambozwe nge-resin. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zalawa mahlathi yi-cypress, uphayini, umsedari, i-yew ne-sequoia. Lezi zihlahla nazo zikhona phakathi kwama-conifers okuyizihlahla ezikhula ngokubukeka okufana nophondo.
Kunezinhlobo ezithile ezinjengephayini noma i-larch ezichichima ezifundeni ezibandakanya iSiberia, i-Alaska neScandinavia. Lezi zinhlobo ziyakwazi ukwakha izindawo ezinkulu ezinokhuni eziyizinkulungwane nezinkulungwane zamahektha. Lawa mahlamvu akhona kuzo zonke iziqongo nasezingxenyeni eziphakeme kakhulu zamazwekazi afana ne-Asia, iMelika neYurophu.
Ososayensi baphethe ngokuthi amahlathi ahlala eluhlaza ayindlela yokujwayela izimo zemvelo ezihlukahlukene. Futhi ngokuvamile, i-flora izama ukungena endaweni lapho kufanele ikhule khona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezinye izibonelo ezinamahlamvu aluhlaza kanti ezinye zinamaqabunga ahlala eluhlaza. Impilo yokusebenziseka kweqabunga ngalinye izoncika ezicini zesimo sezulu kanye nasenhlabathini lapho isihlahla sikhona. Uhlobo ngalunye lwesihlahla lunezidingo ezihlukile zokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Ezinye izici zesimo esingenamibandela zokujwayela izinhlobo zinobukhulu, ukwakheka nokuma. Lezi zici zisho ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile ezifana ne-holm oak zingavimbela ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi ngezikhathi zasehlobo lapho imvula iphansi namazinga okushisa ephakeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zici zibasiza ukuthi bakwazi ukugcina amaqabunga, amazinga okushisa ehla ngenxa yokufika kobusika.
Ihlathi le-evergreen nokuzivumelanisa nezimo
Iningi lamahlathi ahlala eluhlaza esiwatholayo asezindaweni ezinomswakama nasezindaweni ezimibalabala zaseMedithera. Khumbula ukuthi izitshalo zinenqubo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuze zisinde ekusweleni kwemvula njalo. Ehlathini elihlala liluhlaza sithola izitshalo ezinezimpande ezijulile nokunwetshwa okukhulu okuvumela ukuthola imithombo yamanzi ngendlela enwetshiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Amaqabunga anokuqina okuqinile futhi okuqinile ezimweni ezimbi ezihlukene kanye nokuntuleka kwemvula.
Ama-specimens asebenza kakhulu ehlathini elihlala liluhlaza yizi-oki zikakhokho nama-holm oak. Lezi zihlahla zinokuphakama okulingene kepha zineziqu ezigobile, ezijiyile nezinesigaxa. Iziqongo zalezi zihlahla ziyindilinga futhi zisiza ukuhlinzeka indawo yokuhlala enhle elangeni.
Isihlahla se-oki sinombala oluhlaza ojulile kanti amanye ama-acorn ahluma kuwo angadleki. Amaqabunga awo aphakathi kwamasentimitha amane kuya kwayi-4 futhi angaphila isikhathi eside phakathi kweminyaka engu-7 nengama-150. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-holm oak inesiqu esingaguquguquki esinokumelana okuhle. Inezimfanelo ezahlukahlukene ezikwenza kube kuhle ekwenzeni ifenisha. Izinkuni zayo zidingeka kakhulu.
Okunye ukuhluka kwesihlahla esihlala siluhlaza kukaphayini. Kubhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo eziphilayo. Inamandla amakhulu okwenza inhlabathi evundile ngoba inezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuwa kwamaqabunga. Ikhono layo lokumelana nezimo ezimanzi, ezomile, ezibandayo nezishisayo zenza kube yintandokazi yokuhlobisa amapaki nezindawo ezivulekile. Futhi ilungele ukubuyiselwa kwehlathi njengoba likhiqiza inqwaba yenhlabathi evundile.
Ekugcineni, i-mimosa acacia nayo igqama phakathi kweqembu elihlala liluhlaza. Ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-10 ukuphakama futhi izinga layo lokusinda liyathuthukiswa uma lithenwa njalo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngehlathi elihlala liluhlaza.