Phakathi kwezinhlobo zamahlathi sithola i- ihlathi le-flatwood, equkethe izihlahla eziluhlaza njalo ihlathi elinamanzi, eyakhiwe izihlahla ezinqabayo. Ukwakhiwa kwezitshalo izihlahla zazo ezilahlekelwa amaqabunga minyaka yonke kuye ngamazinga okushisa nesimo sezulu. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi ahlabayo kuye ngobubanzi lapho sikhona.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zehlathi eliqinile.
Izici eziyinhloko
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi ahlukanisayo kuye ngobubanzi nesimo sezulu esithandwayo. Kunamahlathi aphakathi nendawo asezindaweni ezishisayo. Izindawo ezishisayo zivame ukubizwa amahlathi aqothulayo noma amahlathi ahlabayo. Kokubili okunqamulelayo nokunqumayo kungabhekwa njengokufana. Womabili la magama abhekisele ekuweni kwamakhasi minyaka yonke.
Isici esiyinhloko sehlathi eliqothulayo yi ukulahleka kwamaqabunga phakathi nesikhathi esinciphisa kakhulu unyaka. Ezimweni ezipholile, umkhawulo oyinhloko wokulahlekelwa amaqabunga ukulingana kwamandla. Lokhu kwenzeka esikhathini kusukela ekwindla kuya ebusika. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlobo zamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo zinezingqimba futhi lokho kuyibhalansi yamanzi. Yilapho ukuna kwemvula kuyisici esivimbela ukukhula kwamaqabunga ngenxa yenkathi egqamayo, eyomile kakhulu.
Inhlabathi yehlathi eliqabulayo Imvamisa zijulile futhi zivundile kakhulu ngenxa yomnikelo owenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile udoti. Udoti wamaqabunga wakhiwe yiwo wonke amaqabunga awela esihlahleni futhi abola abe yizinto eziphilayo ezivundile. Lo doti wamaqabunga usiza ukugcina amazinga amahle omswakama kanye nezakhamzimba emhlabathini. I phansi kwehlathi izihlahla eziphukayo zibalulekile empilweni yakho.
Ihlathi elipholile libanda eNyakatho Melika naseningizimu ye-Argentina, eChile, eYurophu, e-Asia nasempumalanga ye-Australia. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amahlathi ane-asidi yiwo asatshalaliswa kulo lonke elaseMelika elishisayo, e-Afrika nase-Indomalasia. Ukwakheka kwezitshalo zamahlathi ane-asidi kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokukhululeka lapho sizithola sisuka emathafeni siye ezigodini nasezintabeni.
Emahlathini asezingeni eliphansi asenyakatho, izinhlobo ezinjenge UQuercus, uFagus, uBetula, uCastanea noCarpinus. Uma siya ezindaweni ezishisayo, kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-Quercus ne-Nothofagus, kanye nezinhlobo ze-legumes, i-bignoniaceae kanye ne-malvaceae. Izilwane ezihlala kuleli hlathi elivuthulukayo elipholile zihlanganisa izimpisi, izinyamazane, izinyamazane, ama-elk, ibhere nenyathi yaseYurophu. Nakuba ezindaweni ezishisayo kunezinhlobo zezinkawu, izinkawu nezinyoka.
Okokugcina, kufanele kuthiwe amahlathi asezingeni eliphansi anezimo zezulu ezihamba phambili zezwekazi nezolwandle ezinezinkathi ezine eziphawulwe kakhulu. Ezingxenyeni ezibandayo zesimo sezulu isimo sezulu siyabanda. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ihlathi eline-esidi linesimo sezulu esishisayo esinezikhathi ezimbili eziphawulwe kakhulu, inkathi eyomile nenkathi yemvula.
Izakhi zehlathi eziqothulayo
Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kweLeaf
Ake sihlaziye izakhi ezakha ihlathi elivuthulukayo. Into yokuqala ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwamaqabunga. Asikho isitshalo esingapheli esinomjikelezo wokuphila weminyaka eminingana esineqabunga elihlala impilo yonke. Amaqabunga avuselelwa njalo, nakuba kwezinye izinhlobo zonke amaqabunga alahleka ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lezi ezihlala ziluhlaza ziyalahleka kancane kancane njengoba zivuselelwa.
Inqubo yokuwa kwamaqabunga ikhawulelwe emikhawulweni ethile yezemvelo njengokushoda kwamanzi noma ibhalansi yamandla aphansi. Lezi zimo ezingezinhle zemvelo zingaphoqa isihlahla ukuthi sinciphise imetabolism yaso ibe sezingeni eliphansi. Elinye lamasu asetshenziswa ngempumelelo ukuze uphile nge-metabolism ephansi ukukhipha amaqabunga ngokuphelele noma ingxenye.
Kumele kushiwo ukuthi amaqabunga yizikhungo zemvelo zesitshalo lapho i-photosynthesis, ukujuluka kanye nokuphefumula kwesitshalo okwenzeka khona. Ngenxa ye-stomata, amanzi amaningi angakhishwa ngendlela yomphunga wamanzi. Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu zezitshalo ehlobo Ukujuluka okweqile ngenxa yokulahleka kwamanzi namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Amanzi ayavuza nge-stomata ngesikhathi senqubo ye-photosynthesis.
Ngakho-ke, ngokulahlekelwa cishe kwawo wonke amahlamvu, imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ye-metabolic iyakhanselwa futhi ukusinda kuncishiswe kube kuncane. Ukulahleka kwamaqabunga kwenzeka ngesikhathi sasekwindla emahlathini avuthulukayo kanye nangenkathi eyomile emahlathini aluhlaza.
Amasongo okukhula
Amasongo okukhula ezinye izinto ezibalulekile. Ngesikhathi lapho kunemikhawulo ehlukahlukene yezemvelo kukhona ukwakheka kwezicubu ezintsha eziyeka ngokuphelele ukuze kuncishiswe imetabolism. Isibonelo, ukwakheka kwezicubu zokuqhuba ezifana I-xylem ne-phloem esiqwini sezitshalo ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile ngesikhathi sasebusika. Yilapho singabona khona ukuthi entwasahlobo imisebenzi yezicubu iqala futhi futhi kwakheka amaseli amasha e-conductive. Lo msebenzi udala izindandatho zokukhula ezingabonakala lapho kwenziwa isigaba esiphambanayo esiqwini.
Njengoba lokhu kwenzeka njalo ezindaweni ezipholile, indandatho ngayinye yokukhula ihambisana nesikhathi se-latency kanye nokusebenza konyaka. Ngale ndlela, iminyaka yesihlahla endaweni epholile inganqunywa ngokubala izindandatho zokukhula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo lezi zindandatho zokukhula nazo zingabonakala kodwa akuhambelani nezinguquko zonyaka. Lezi zinguquko akulula kangako ukuzilinganisela ngoba zincike enkathini eyomile noma emvuleni enkulu.
Imvamisa
Ekugcineni, inhlabathi yehlathi elipholile elinamanzi avundile futhi ajulile. Lokhu kungenxa yokutholakala ngezikhathi ezithile kukadoti wamaqabunga abolayo akhe izinto eziphilayo ezivundile. Le nhlabathi ilungele ukuvuselelwa nokudalwa komhlaba omusha, ngakho ukuhlaziya kwabo kubalulekile ekucwaningweni kwalolu hlobo lwehlathi.
Inhlabathi yamahlathi e-coniferous-deciduous iwuhlobo lwe-podzol. Le nhlabathi ayinazo izakhamzimba ezinokwakheka kwe-permafrost kwezinye izindawo ezingakhiphi kahle. Imvamisa le nhlabathi yakhiwa ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphansi akhona unyaka wonke kanye nomswakama omncane otholakalayo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngehlathi eliqothulayo.