Ungqimba lwe-ozone yindawo ese-stratosphere lapho ukugcwala kwe-ozone kuphakeme kunokuvamile. Lolu ungqimba lusivikela emisebeni yelanga eyingozi e-ultraviolet. Nokho, ukukhishwa kwezinye izinto zamakhemikhali ezaziwa ngokuthi chlorofluorocarbons kubangele a imbobo kusendlalelo se-ozone. Leli gebe laziwa amashumi eminyaka futhi liyancishiswa ngenxa ye-Montreal Protocol. Uma ufuna ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi uzinza kanjani, ngikumema ukuthi ufunde isihloko sethu imbobo ongqimbeni lwe-ozone.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngomgodi osendleleni ye-ozone.
Incazelo yesendlalelo se-ozone
Ake siqale sifunde ukuthi luyini ungqimba lwe-ozone. Kuwuhlobo lwengqimba yokuzivikela etholakala ku-stratosphere. Lolu ungqimba lwalusebenza njengesisefo semisebe yelanga eyingozi eyingozi ezidalwa eziphilayo. Ayisebenzi njengesivikelo kule misebe ye-ultraviolet, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekisa ukuphila eMhlabeni njengoba siwazi namuhla.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lolu ungqimba lubaluleke kakhulu ukuze usinde, kubonakala sengathi abantu basazimisele ngokulubhubhisa. I-Chlorofluorocarbons Ziyizinto zamakhemikhali ezithi ngokusebenzisa ukusabela okuhlukahlukene zonakalise i-ozone ekhona ku-stratosphere. Lawa amagesi akhiwe i-fluorine, i-chlorine ne-carbon. Lapho leli khemikhali lifika kuyi-stratosphere, lisabela ngokwesithombe ngemisebe ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi i-molecule iphuke futhi ikhulule ama-athomu e-chlorine. I-chlorine isabela ne-ozone ekhona ku-stratosphere ibangela ama-athomu omoya-mpilo ukuthi akhe futhi aphule i-ozone. Ngale ndlela, ukukhishwa kwalawa makhemikhali kubangela ukucekelwa phansi kongqimba lwe-ozone.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi la makhemikhali anokuphila okude okude emkhathini. Ngenxa yenqubo-mgomo yaseMontreal, ukukhishwa kwala makhemikhali kwavinjelwa ngokuphelele. Nokho, kuze kube namuhla, ungqimba lwe-ozone lusalimele. Imbobo yongqimba lwe-ozone iba yimbi kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa namashumi eminyaka adlule. Ake sikubhekisise lokhu.
Imbobo kusendlalelo se-ozone
I-ozone itholakala ku-stratosphere endaweni ephakeme phakathi kwamakhilomitha ayi-15 no-30. Lolu ungqimba lwakhiwe ama-athomu e-ozone, wona, akhiwa ama-athomu amathathu omoya-mpilo. Umsebenzi walolu ungqimba ukumunca imisebe ye-ultraviolet B, esebenza njengesisefo sokunciphisa umonakalo.
Ukucekelwa phansi kwe-ozone kwenzeka lapho ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okubangela ukucekelwa phansi kwe-ozone eyi-stratospheric. Isenzakalo semisebe yelanga sihlungwa ungqimba lwe-ozone, lapho amangqamuzana e-ozone ephulwa ngemisebe ye-ultraviolet B. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ama-athomu e-ozone ahlukana abe umoya-mpilo kanye ne-dioxide. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-photolysis. Kusho ukuhlephuka kwe-molecule ngesenzo sokukhanya.
Izinhlobo ze-dioxide ne-oxygen azihlukanisiwe ngokuphelele, kepha ziphinde zihlangane, zenze i-ozone futhi. Lesi sinyathelo asenzeki njalo futhi yiso esidala izimbobo kusendlalelo lwe-ozone. Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze- Isizathu sokuthi kungani ungqimba lwe-ozone lucekelwa phansi ngenani elisheshayo kungenxa yokukhishwa kwama-chlorofluorocarbon. Nakuba sesishilo ukuthi ukukhanya kwelanga kwesigameko kubhubhisa i-ozone, lokho kwenza ngendlela yokuthi ibhalansi ingathathi hlangothi. Okusho ukuthi, inani le-ozone elidilizwa yi-photolysis lilingana noma lingaphansi kwenani le-ozone elikwazi ukwakheka ngokuhlangana phakathi kwama-molecule.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi imbangela enkulu yokonakala kongqimba lwe-ozone kungenxa yokukhishwa kwama-chlorofluorocarbon. I-World Meteorological Organisation iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kongqimba lwe-ozone kuzokwenzeka cishe ngonyaka ka-2050 ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwale mikhiqizo. Khumbula ukuthi konke lokhu kuyizilinganiso ngoba, noma ngabe amakhemikhali anqanyuliwe, ahlala emkhathini amashumi eminyaka.
Imiphumela yomgodi kusendlalelo lwe-ozone
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imbobo ye-ozone itholakala ikakhulukazi phezu kwe-Antarctica. Nakuba amagesi amaningi ayingozi ongqimbeni lwe-ozone aye akhishwa emazweni athuthukile, kunomoya osemkhathini othwala la magesi uwayise e-Antarctica. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kufanele sengeze isikhathi lawa magesi ahlala emkhathini nokuthi ayakwazi ukulimaza i-ozone.
Ngenxa yomjikelezo ovamile weplanethi, la magesi aye azuza emazingeni okushisa aphansi aseningizimu nenkabazwe futhi aye abhidliza le ngxube ye-ozone. Futhi ukucekelwa phansi kwalolu ungqimba kugcizelelwa izinga lokushisa eliphansi. Lokhu kubangela ukwehla kokugxila kwe-ozone ebusika, kuyilapho ilulama entwasahlobo.
Kunemiphumela ehlukahlukene yokuwohloka noma ukucekelwa phansi kongqimba lwe-ozone. Ake sihlaziye ukuthi ziyini kuye ngokuthi zithinta bani.
Imiphumela yempilo yomuntu
- Umdlavuza wesikhumba: Kungesinye sezifo ezaziwa kakhulu ezihlobene nokuchayeka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet B. Kuyadingeka ukushisa ilanga ngokuvikela njengoba lesi sifo singabonakali ngokushesha, kodwa kunalokho phakathi neminyaka.
- Ukubandakanyeka kwesistimu yomzimba: ukusebenza emzimbeni kunciphisa amandla awo okuzivikela ezifweni ezithathelwanayo.
- Ukuphazamiseka kombono: kungaholela ku-cataract nase-presbyopia kaningi.
- Izinkinga zokuphefumula: Ezinye izinkinga yisifuba somoya ngenxa yokwanda kwe-ozone ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zomkhathi.
Imiphumela yezilwane zasemhlabeni nezasolwandle
Kuthinta kabi zonke izilwane zasemhlabeni futhi kunemiphumela efanayo kubantu. Ngokuqondene nezilwane zasolwandle, le misebe ifinyelela phezulu futhi ithinta ngokuqondile i-phytoplankton olwandle. Izibalo zale phytoplankton ziyancipha kangangokuthi zithinta uchungechunge lokudla.
Imiphumela ezitshalweni
Ukwenzeka kwalo msebe we-ultraviolet oyingozi kakhulu kuthinta ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo, okwenza izikhathi zokuqhakaza kwazo nokukhula zihluke. Konke lokhu kuthinta ukuncishiswa kwezitshalo nezitshalo.
Ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lukusiza ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nembobo yongqimba lwe-ozone.