Izinkomo ziyizilwane ezibabazekayo esezinathi amakhulu eminyaka, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekudleni kwabantu nasemasikweni ahlukahlukene. Kodwa uke wacabanga ukuthi ukufuya kuyithinta kanjani imvelo yethu? Okulandelayo, sizohlola lo mbuzo obalulekile.
Umkhakha wemfuyo unomthelela omkhulu emvelweni. Ngokocwaningo lwe-FAO olunesihloko esithi "Imfuyo Isithunzi Eside", kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukufuywa kwemfuyo kukhiqiza a 9% isikhutha okukhiqizwa yimisebenzi yabantu, a 65% i-nitrous oxide, a I-methane engu-37% futhi a 64% ammonia, okunomthelela ekwenzeni imvula ibe acidification. La magesi avela emqubeni, emathunjini, nakwezinye izinto ezilahlwayo. Isimo siba nzima nakakhulu ukugawulwa kwamahlathi namahlathi, aguqulwa abe amadlelo dlisa izinkomo. Njengamanje, i-a ibimatasatasa U-30% wobuso bomhlaba, futhi e-Amazon, amaphesenti angu-70 wendawo esetshenziswa abafuyi iye yagawulwa amahlathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukwanda kwezitshalo, njengokwatapheya, kungalimaza kanjani imvelo.
Ngokuphathelene nomhlabathi, Imihlambi ilulaza inhlabathi ngokuyihlanganisa, uyigugule futhi uyiguqule ibe yizici ezithambekele ekubeni ugwadule. Lesi simo sihambisana ne- ugwadule ezifundeni eziningana, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane nama-hormone emfuyo, kanye nomanyolo nezibulala-zinambuzane ezisetshenziswa ezitshalweni, kunengxenye ekungcoleni komoya nenhlabathi. Lokhu kubonakala emiphumeleni eyingozi yokulima kwefekthri eqophelweni lamanzi kanye nomthelela ophelele kwezemvelo.
Ukufuywa okujulile nakho kuphazamisa imijikelezo yamanzi, kunciphisa ukugcwaliswa kwamanzi ezindaweni ezingaphezulu kanye nezingaphakathi zomhlabathi. Lokhu kuba yinkinga ebucayi kakhulu njengoba inani labantu landa. Ukukhiqizwa kwenyama nobisi kakade kumelele 20% we-terrestrial biomass okwamanje; Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwenani labantu, isidingo sale mikhiqizo singakhula nakakhulu, okuholela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokungazi ngesidingo umoya-mpilo emkhathini wethu. Lokhu kwanda kwesidingo kuhlobene nenkinga ye ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Umthelela Wezemvelo Wokulima Okuqinile Kwemfuyo
Ukulima kwemfuyo okujulile kuhlose ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni ezilwane, okuholela ohlelweni lapho izilwane eziningi zikhuliswa ezindaweni ezincane. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi inemiphumela emibi kakhulu yemvelo.
Amapulazi ama-Mega, okuyimisebenzi yemfuyo ehlala izilwane eziningi kakhulu, akhiqiza umthamo omkhulu wemfucuza kanye nesisi esikhishwayo. Lokhu kuhlangana kwezinkomo kukhiqiza inani elikhulu amagesi abamba ukushisa, okubangela amaphesenti abalulekile engqikithi yokukhishwa kwe-methane ne-nitrous oxide, okunamandla kakhulu kune-carbon dioxide. I-methane ekhishwa ngesikhathi sokugayeka kokudla, njengezinkomo, inomthelela ekwenzeni a 25% wokufudumala komhlaba, into ehlangene nayo imizamo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Olunye ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ukufuywa kwezimboni kumele 14.5% yengqikithi yesisi esiphumayo emhlabeni wonke, esidlula isamba saleyo ekhiqizwa yikho konke ukuhamba kwezimoto. Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa komhlaba wokuzalanisa imfuyo kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla kunomthelela omkhulu e ukugawulwa kwamahlathi emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibucayi njengeLatin America. Lesi simo sihlobene nomthelela wemvelo wezitofu zamapulangwe namalahle ezindaweni zasemakhaya, nakho okudala izinkinga ezinkulu.
Ukugawulwa Kwamahlathi kanye Nokulahlekelwa Kwezinto Ezihlukahlukene
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze kuguqulwe izwe libe indawo enotshani kungenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko ukulahleka kwemvelo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-70% wokugawulwa kwamahlathi e-Amazon kungenxa yokwakhiwa kwendawo yokufuya izinkomo. Lokhu akugcini nje ukunciphisa indawo yemvelo yezinhlobo eziningi, kodwa futhi kuphazamisa imijikelezo yezakhi emhlabathini. Ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kuwukukhathazeka okukhulayo kumongo we ukufudumala kwezwe.
Ipulazi elizinikele ekufuyweni kwemfuyo liphinde likhuthaze ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamakhemikhali angcolisa izindawo zamanzi eziseduze. Umanyolo nezibulala-zinambuzane ezisetshenziswa kwezolimo olunzulu zingaholela i-eutrophication yemifula namachibi, okubangela ukwehla kwezinga lamanzi futhi kuthinte kabi izimiso zemvelo zasemanzini. Kubalulekile ukutadisha ukuthi lezi zinguquko zithinta kanjani izitshalo nezilwane, kanye nezilwane ezingase zithinteke ukushisa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ukusetshenziswa Amanzi
Ukufuywa kwemfuyo kudla cishe 8% wamanzi ahlanzekile omhlaba. ESpain, imboni yemfuyo isebenzisa umthamo olingana nalokho okuzodliwa yizo zonke izindlu ezweni iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-21, okulingana nokungaphezu kwalokho. 48,000 billion cubic metres amanzi minyaka yonke. Lokhu kusetshenziswa ngokweqile nakho kunomthelela ku ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ngokuthinta imithombo yamanzi.
Lokhu kusetshenziswa ngokweqile kubhebhethekiswa yi- ukungcoliswa kwemithombo yamanzi; Ukufuywa kwemfuyo ezimbonini kungenye yemithombo eyinhloko yokungcola, okungaholeli nje kuphela ekucekeleni phansi izinga lamanzi kodwa nasezinkingeni zempilo yomphakathi, okuhlanganisa ukumelana nama-antibiotic kanye nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kuhlobene nokwenyuka kwezinga lezinkinga zempilo ezindaweni ezikhahlamezwe ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ukukhiqizwa Nokukhishwa Kwegesi Elibamba Ukushisa
Ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo kuhlotshaniswa nomthamo omkhulu wezinto ezikhishwayo ezinomthelela ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Izinkomo nezinye izilwane ezelusayo zibophezeleka cishe 62% lokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa ngomkhakha wemfuyo. Lokhu kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwe-methane ngesikhathi sokugaya, kanye nokuphathwa komquba nokukhiqizwa kokudla. Le gesi inomphumela wamandla Izikhathi ezi-25 eziphakeme kune-carbon dioxide, okwenza ukulima kwemfuyo kube ngenye yezinto ezinomthelela omkhulu ekufudumaleni komhlaba. Isici esihlobene ukuthi kanjani abantu baye bashintsha isimo sezulu ngendlela esheshayo.
Ngo-2050, isidingo senyama nemikhiqizo yobisi kulindeleke ukuthi senyuke 20%, okungase kuholele ekukhishweni kwe-CO2 okungalawuleki ngaphandle uma ezinye izindlela ezisimeme zenziwa embonini yokudla. Lokhu kwanda okukhathazayo kungase kuhlobane nokuqagela kokufudumala kwembulunga yonke eColombia kanye nemiphumela yako.
Izindlela Ezihlukile Nezixazululo Ekufuyelweni Kwemfuyo
Ukuguqukela ezindleleni zokulima ezizinzile kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wemboni kwezemvelo. Ukufuywa kwemfuyo okubanzi kuvezwa njengenye indlela esebenzayo, njengoba kuvumela ukuphathwa okungcono kwezinsiza futhi kukhuthaze ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo ngokugcina i-ecosystem elinganiselayo. Lokhu kubalulekile kumongo we ukufudumala kwezwe.
Izinqubo ezisimeme zingabandakanya ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokudla ezizinzile ezinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokuphakelayo okugxilile namakhemikhali. Ukuthatha indlela ebanzi ebheka impilo yomhlabathi, inhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kungasiza ukunciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kanye nomthelela wemvelo wokufuywa kwemfuyo. Le ndlela ebanzi ingasiza futhi ukubhekana nezinselelo ezibangelwa ukukhuphuka kwe-allergies esimweni sokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ukushintsha kokudla kwenani labantu nakho kungadlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni ingcindezi embonini yemfuyo. Ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kanye nokunciphisa ukudla kwenyama nobisi ngeke nje kunciphise isidingo kodwa futhi kufake isandla ohlelweni lokudla oluzinzile. Lokhu kunciphisa kuyisihluthulelo ku- silwe nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Kubalulekile ukuthi abathengi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi ngemikhiqizo abayikhethayo, basekele leyo ekhiqizwa ngokuqhubekayo nangendlela yokuziphatha. Ngale ndlela, bangakwazi ukufaka isandla kumodeli ye-agri-food enomthwalo wemfanelo obeka phambili impilo yeplanethi nezakhamuzi zayo.
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