Kuyamangaza ngempela ukuthi endaweni ebandayo njenga Bethel, etholakala entshonalanga ye-Alaska, enezinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-1.2ºC, imifino ingatshalwa. Nokho, umkhuba we ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu isiqalile ukushintsha leli qiniso, ivumela ezolimo ukuthi zichume endaweni ebikade iphikisana nokulinywa. Ngonyaka odlule, umlimi wendawo ukwazile ukuvuna 20,000 kg yemifino futhi kulo nyaka inethemba lokuphinda kabili ukukhiqizwa kwayo. Uma unentshisekelo kumthelela wokuncibilika kweqhwa kulesi sifunda, ungafunda ngakho. lapha.
EBethel, amazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu. Unyaka wonke, idolobha lirekhoda ukwehla okungu--14.1°C kanye nokuphakama okungu-13.3°C, kanti amazinga okushisa aphezulu afinyelela ku-44°C arekhodiwe. Nakuba ezinye izitshalo zingakwazi ukumelana nalezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu, imifino ivame ukuba sengozini kakhulu. Nokho, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, the ukufudumala kwezwe isishintshile isimo, ivumela izitshalo ukuthi zikhule kahle kulezi zindawo lapho amanzi ejwayele ukuba yiqhwa ngoDisemba. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi ukuncibilika kweqhwa kusithinta kanjani isimo sezulu somhlaba, vakashela lesi sixhumanisi.
Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwesimo sezulu kubonisa inzuzo enkulu kuTim Meyers nomkakhe uLisa, abanikazi be I-Meyers Farm. Amakhasimende afika ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kuvulwe isitolo, elangazelela ukuthenga umkhiqizo omusha. Zikhula ini ngempela? Ama-beet, utheniphu, amazambane, neminye imifino konke kuvunwa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nezakhiwo zepulasitiki ezizovikela izitshalo emakhazeni amakhulu. Esimeni sokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, kuyathakazelisa ukufunda ukuthi lezi zinqubo zezolimo zingawushintsha kanjani umkhiqizo wendawo.
U-Tim Meyers unezifiso zokwelula isikhathi sokukhula kuze kufike uKhisimusi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubikezela ukuthi, esikhathini esizayo esingekude kakhulu, uzokwazi tshala imifino nemifino unyaka wonke. Uma ephumelela ukufeza umgomo wakhe, kungaba isinyathelo esimangalisayo esiya phambili kulo mphakathi oqhelile wase-Alaska. Kodwa-ke, iphinde iphakamise ukukhathazeka ngokuthi inqubekelaphambili yomuntu ekunqandeni ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ibingenele, njengoba ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuvumela izinto ebezingacatshangwa ngaphambilini ukuthi zenzeke. Ukuze uqonde kangcono imiphumela yokufudumala komhlaba esikhathini esizayo, ungabonisana Lesi sihloko.
E-Alaska, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi lenyuke ngo 1 kuya ku-5 degrees centigrade ekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka. Lokhu kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuthi sizozibona yini izigxobo ezimbozwe uhlaza esikhathini esizayo. Kuleli zinga, lokho kungenzeka kuya ngokuya kuba nokhonkolo. Lesi simo siyingxenye yephethini ebanzi ehlobene nokuguqulwa kwe-ecosystem, njengoba kuxoxwe ngakho esihlokweni esithi imiphumela yokuncibilika.
Umthelela Wokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu Kwezolimo eTundra
Ezolimo eBethel ziyisibonelo sendlela ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ingashintsha kakhulu indlela abantu abaphila ngayo futhi balime ukudla ezindaweni obekukade zinzima kwezolimo. Umphakathi waseBethel usuqalile ukuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokulima ezisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo isimo sezulu esishintshayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe zokugcina izithombo kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokukhula ezilawulwayo ezivumela abalimi ukuthi banwebe izinkathi zokukhula ezingaphezu kwemikhawulo ebekwe isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyafaneleka ukubheka ukuthi le mikhuba ithonywa kanjani yingqikithi yomhlaba wonke yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu; Ngakho-ke, ungafunda mayelana ukufundwa okunconyiwe ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Amazinga okushisa eBethel, njengoba kushiwo, kubanda ngendlela emangalisayo, futhi ubude bobusika buyandiswa. Amafasitela akhula amafushane ngesikhathi sasehlobo adinga izindlela ezintsha zokulima nezinhlelo. Yilapho amasu esimanje ezolimo kanye nobuhlakani bomuntu budlala khona indima ebalulekile. Ukufuna izixazululo ezisimeme kubalulekile kule nqubo, futhi usongo lokufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuma-ecosystem amaningi kusikhumbuza ukuphuthuma kwalokhu kusungulwa.
Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwama-greenhouses, abanye abalimi sebeqala ukusebenzisa amasu we hydroponics y ukutshalwa mpo. Lezi zindlela zivumela imifino nezitshalo ukuthi zitshalwe endaweni elawulwayo ngaphandle kwenhlabathi. I-Hydroponics, isibonelo, isebenzisa izixazululo zamaminerali esikhundleni senhlabathi, eqeda imikhawulo eminingi ebhekene nezolimo ze-tundra zendabuko. Le nqubo ayigcini nje ngokuthembisa, kodwa futhi inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezifana namanzi, okubalulekile endaweni lapho amazinga okushisa evamise ukuba yiqhwa amanzi emhlabathini.
Amasu Amasha Ezolimo
Isibonelo esiphawulekayo sokusungulwa kwezolimo e-tundra yinkampani I-Arctic Greens. Le nkampani isiqalile ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-hydroponic esitsheni esifakiwe, lapho ikhula khona i-kale, ulethisi, i-basil, neminye imifino isebenzisa izibani ze-LED futhi ngaphandle kwenhlabathi. Lolu hlobo lokulima luzuzisa ngokukhethekile emiphakathini efana neBethel, lapho ukuthutha ukudla kungase kubize futhi kukhiqizwe okusha kubalulekile empilweni yomphakathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokulima zesimanje akugcini nje ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwendawo, kodwa kungasiza ekunciphiseni izinkinga ezifana amagagasi okushisa ezithinta ezolimo emhlabeni jikelele.
I-Las ubuchwepheshe be-hydroponic vumela abalimi ukuthi batshale imifino ezindaweni ezingafanele. Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa amanzi nemisoco ukuze kukhule izitshalo ziqonde phezulu, okuthatha indawo encane futhi kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezinsiza. Ngaphezu kokusebenza kahle kwayo, le ndlela ivumela imikhiqizo ukuthi ihlale ihlanzekile futhi inempilo, ngokungafani nemikhiqizo evela kude futhi evame ukuba ngaphansi kwesimo esifanele. Lezi zinqubo ezintsha ziyisinyathelo esibheke phambili ekuqiniseni ezolimo ezimweni zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu.
Liyini Ikusasa?
Ikusasa lezolimo eBethel nakwezinye izifunda ezifanayo liba yinto ethakazelisayo ukuyibuka. Njengoba amazinga okushisa eqhubeka nokukhuphuka kanye nesimo sezulu sishintsha, abalimi abaningi kungenzeka baqale ukuhlola lezi zindlela ezintsha zokutshala izitshalo. Lokhu akukwazi nje ukuguqula indlela okutshalwa ngayo ukudla, kodwa kuphinde kuqinise iqhaza elingabanjwa imiphakathi ekwehliseni izinkinga ezinkulu njenge ukuswelakala kokudla. Izinyathelo zasendaweni zingaba ukhiye kule nqubo, njengoba kuxoxwe ngakho esihlokweni esithi Izindawo ezithandwa kakhulu ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu eYurophu.
Kubalulekile futhi ukunaka umthelela wemvelo wale mikhuba. Njengoba amazinga okushisa enyuka, kukhishwa ikhabhoni eyengeziwe ku-permafrost, engasheshisa ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Ngakho-ke nakuba ukutshala ukudla kulezi zifunda kungase kunikeze izixazululo zendawo ezinkingeni zokudla, kuphinde kuphakamise imibuzo mayelana nemiphumela ebanzi yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokuthi imiphakathi ingakwazi kanjani ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngendlela eqhubekayo. Inselele yokuzivumelanisa nalezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu yinto esemqoka ocwaningweni lwe indima ye-tundras ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.
Ukuqina Kwemiphakathi e-Alaska
Imiphakathi yase-Alaska, njengeBethel, iye yabonisa ukukhuthazela okuphawulekayo lapho ibhekene nezinselele zemvelo. Ikhono lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezinzima nokufuna izixazululo ezintsha liwubufakazi bamandla nobuhlakani balezi zizwe. Emhlabeni lapho ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyisici esiqhubekayo, le miphakathi inganikeza izifundo ezibalulekile mayelana nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokuthola izindlela ezintsha zokuziphilisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnotho wendawo ungaqiniswa ngokusungula izinto ezintsha ekulimeni, njengoba kuxoxwe ngakho esihlokweni esithi ihlathi le-boreal kanye nendima yalo ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.
Njengoba kuthuthukiswa amasu amasha kanye nezinhlelo zokulima ezizinzile zisetshenziswa, ikusasa libukeka liqhakazile kulabo abahlala kulezi zindawo ezingenamoya. Akukhona nje ukutshala ukudla, kodwa mayelana nokuqinisekisa ukuphila nokuphila kahle kwemiphakathi esimeni sokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuzoba ukhiye eminyakeni ezayo, futhi ukulima kwemifino eBethel kuzoba insika yomphakathi.
Ushintsho kwezolimo luphinde lusho ushintsho ekubonweni kwe-tundra ngokwayo. Nakuba i-tundra ngokomlando ibibhekwa njengendawo engenabantu, ichazwa kabusha njengendawo engenzeka. Ukutshalwa kwemifino yaseBethel kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha kuyizinkomba zekusasa lapho ukuguquguquka nokusungula kubalulekile. Lolu guquko luyinkomba yokuthi imiphakathi ingakwazi kanjani ukuzijwayeza ngezikhathi zobunzima, isihloko okuxoxwa ngaso kabanzi kumongo we ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nomthelela wako wesikhathi esizayo.
Izindlela zokukhiqiza ezisimeme kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha buzoqhubeka nokuvela ngenxa yokushintsha kwezimo zemvelo. Ukuqaliswa kwezinqubo ze-agroecology kuzoba ukhiye ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imiphakathi ingaphumelela endaweni lapho izinselelo zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu zibonakala kakhulu. Ukutshalwa okuqhubekayo kwemifino e-tundra kuba uphawu lwethemba nokuphumelela.
Ukulima imifino eBethel akubi nje indikimba yokuphila, kodwa indaba yethemba nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Njengoba ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuqhubeka nokuba nomthelela emhlabeni, imiphakathi efana neBethel ingasebenza njengesibani sendlela ukusungula izinto ezintsha nokuqina okungasiza ekuxazululeni izinselele ezinkulu zesikhathi sethu.
Izithenjwa zesithombe nezisetshenziswa
- Izithombe ze-1: eBethel, e-Alaska.
- Izithombe ze-2: Isitolo eBethel.
- Izithombe ze-3: Umthelela wokuncibilika kuma-tundra.
- Izithombe ze-4: Umthelela wokuncibilika kuma-tundra.
- Izithombe ze-5: Umthelela wokuncibilika kuma-tundra.