Isomiso yinto engokwemvelo equkethe ukwehla kwemvula engaphansi kwesilinganiso (obekungaba yinto evamile endaweni) futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwehla kwemithombo yamanzi ekhona, emadamini nasemanzini. ISpain ibhekene, iphela ngo-2017, ngesomiso esikhulu kunazo zonke eminyakeni engama-20 edlule. Ukuze uqonde kangcono lesi simo, kuhle ukufunda mayelana isimo sesomiso eSpain.
Isomiso esibi kunazo zonke
Ukuntuleka kwemvula kunciphisa amazinga amadamu emachibi aseningizimu-mpumalanga futhi, futhi ngokwesabekayo, lawo asenyakatho ntshonalanga. Amaleveli azungeze i-30%, amanani angakaze abonwe kusukela ngo-1990. Isimo sibucayi, futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zimo zengezwa kwezinye ezithinta imvelo, njengokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kubalulekile kubantu. Amanzi agciniwe, kungabalwa amanzi emvula yokugcina, kungamaphuzu angama-20 ngaphansi kwesilinganiso seminyaka eyi-10 edlule. Isimo sezulu saseSpain besilokhu futhi sizohlala somile, ngemijikelezo yesomiso yeminyaka engaphansi kwengu-3-4. Kodwa-ke, lesi somiso sinamandla kakhulu eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20.
Lesi simo sokushoda kwamanzi siba buthakathaka emigodini efana ne- IMiño-Sil, iSegura, iJúcar, iGuadalquivir futhi ikakhulukazi eDuero, cishe ngama-30% ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10 edlule. Uma kubhekwa indawo yaseSpain kanye nesimo sezwe, isomiso sivamile. Ngakho-ke, i-75% yendawo yaseSpain isengozini yokuphenduka ugwadule. Esikhathini sika-1991-1995 kwase kunesiqephu esifanayo sesomiso esinamanani aphansi kangaka. Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe, kuyasiza ukubukeza izimo zesomiso ngoLwezi wezi-2017.
Lesi somiso sidalwe ukuna kwemvula encane ngo-2014 no-2016, lapho imvula yayingaphansi kuka-6% ngaphansi kwesilinganiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziphethu zinemvula encane, futhi inethiwekhi yabantu yokuphakelwa kwamanzi ilahlekelwa cishe ngama-25% amanzi. Kuzo zonke lezi zici kumele sengeze ukwanda kwezokuvakasha cishe kuyo yonke indawo yaseSpain, zandile izindawo zezolimo zokunisela futhi, ngenxa yokwanda kwamazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo, kanjalo nezinga lokuhwamuka kwamanzi kanjalo.
Unyaka owomile kakhulu
Lo nyaka we-hydrological, ophele ngo-Okthoba walo nyaka, wome kakhulu jikelele. Izindawo eziluhlaza kakhulu eSpain, njengeGalicia, inyakatho yeCastile neLeón, ingxenye enkulu ye-Asturias, neCantabria, nazo ziye zaba nokuncipha okukhulu kwemvula. Izindawo ezome kakhulu onyakeni ngokungangabazeki kube yi-Extremadura, Andalusia, kanye ne-Canary Islands. Kule miphakathi imvula ayizange yeqe ama-75% wenani elijwayelekile, okwenza kube unyaka wesishiyagalombili onemvula encane kusukela ngo-1981.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka omusha we-hydrological (2017-2018), isimo siye saba sibi kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso samalitha angu-150 ngemitha yesikwele ngokuvamile eqoqwe kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuNovemba, kwaqoqwa amalitha angama-63 kuphela. Lokho kungu-58% ngaphansi kokujwayelekile. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi lezi zinguquko zithinta kanjani, kuyathakazelisa ukucabangela idatha yemvula eSpain.
Ngemuva kwesomiso
Ezinqolobaneni eziningi eSpain, kuvele amadolobhana abengaphansi kwamanzi ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lamanzi. Lawa madolobha bacwiliswa kusukela ngawo-60, ngesikhathi kwakhiwa amachibi amaningi aseSpain. Amanye ala madolobha nezikhumbuzo yisonto lasendulo laseSanta Eugenia de Cenera de Zalima elise-Aguilar de Campoo reservoir (Palencia) kanye nedolobhana lasendulo laseMansilla eLa Rioja. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalesi simo, ungathintana nendaba ye I-Mansilla reservoir.
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezibangelwa isomiso kubantu inkinga yokuphakelwa. Ukusikwa kwamanzi kuyadingeka ukuze sikwazi ukuvikela imithombo yamanzi isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Uhulumeni uyaqinisekisa ukuthi usebenza ngezinga eliphezulu angakwazi ukugwema ukuvinjelwa kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, uma lesi simo siqhubeka, amanye amadolobha azoba nenkinga yokuphakelwa kwawo amanzi. Njengoba ubona, ukusebenzisa kahle amanzi ngendlela eqhubekayo kungenye yezinsika eziyisisekelo zezwe elihlala lihlushwa isomiso. Kulahlekelwa ama-25% kunethiwekhi yokunikezela Kuwukumosha okuphelele esingeke sikuvumele. Ukuze kugwenywe lesi simo, abantu kufanele bafundiswe ukuze basebenzise lesi sisetshenziswa esiyigugu nesiyivelakancane.
